Your Companions

In the Name of the True God, Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful, Most Praiseworthy

Angels and devils are common figures in many religious perspectives. Throughout history, people have often misinterpreted and misunderstood the concepts of angels and devils. Many imagine angels and devils to have human or alien-like forms. Can angels and Jinn be identified as living organisms in the micro-world and macro-world, invisible to our naked eyes? Or are they marvelous creations of Allah who exist outside our time and come from a different world? To identify our universal brothers in the context of the Quran and Hadith and to discover how to apply the Quran and Hadith in the micro-world, I will take you on a journey from the creation of Adam to life in the Microworld and Macroworld.

The First Human: Adam

Angels and Jinn were companions of mankind before coming to this Earth. Our Creator, Allah, created a new being, “Adam,” with His own hands as His chosen representative on Earth. Then He presented His new creation, “Adam,” to intelligent angels and Jinn who already existed in heaven. Allah demanded obedience from the inhabitants of the higher station for “Adam.” By prostrating, the angels expressed obedience to Allah’s new representative, “Adam,” and accepted the responsibility to assist in performing his assigned tasks and responsibilities on Earth.

However, one of the Jinn named Iblis saw the vulnerability in the physical features of Adam. Iblis became arrogant about his features and abilities, and he disobeyed the commands of our Creator to prostrate to Allah’s chosen representative, “Adam,” on Earth. This indicates that Iblis was denied the opportunity to be obedient to Adam. The Quran mentions: “And [mention] when We said to the angels, ‘Prostrate before Adam;’ so, they prostrated, except for Iblis. He refused and was arrogant and became of the disbelievers” (2:34). Here, the “prostration” of angels and Jinn means (a spiritual expression or indication of) acknowledgment of the authority of Adam and his children and being obedient to them.

Iblis did not repent to Allah; rather, he challenged the Creator to prove that he would be dominant over Adam and his children and that they would be submissive to him. Allah cast away Iblis from heaven for being disobedient, arrogant, and for not keeping peace and harmony among the other creations of Allah. Iblis had asked for some time to prove that he and his follower Jinn would mislead Adam and his children from the right path of success and dominate them and the creations of the earth, sea, and sky. Allah granted them coexistence with the children of Adam, Jinn, and angels on the worldly body, earth, sea, and sky for a specific time (until the day of judgment) to test who is the better worshipper among them. But Iblis and his follower stubborn Jinn have limitations to exercise their power over those who live life according to the guidance of the true Creator. The Quran mentions: [Iblees] said, “Do You see this one whom You have honored above me? If You delay me until the Day of Resurrection, I will surely destroy his descendants, except for a few.” [Allah] said, “Go, for whoever of them follows you, indeed Hell will be the recompense of you — an ample recompense. And incite whoever you can among them with your voice (whispers) and assault them with your horses and foot soldiers and become a partner in their wealth and their children and promise them.” “But Satan does not promise them anything except delusion. Indeed, over My [believing] servants, there is for you no authority (who follow my guidance). And sufficient is your Lord as Disposer of affairs.” (17:62–65) “Shaytan… cannot harm them in the least, except as Allah permits; and on Allah let the believers put their trust.” (58:10)

After giving clear instructions to Adam about how to protect oneself and others, Allah wanted to test Adam. Adam had everything in the garden — every food, drink, clothes, and good weather — then the test of Allah came (enjoy its good things as you wish, but do not approach this forbidden tree, lest you become unjust). But Satan misinterpreted the commands and whispered evil advice to Adam: He said: “O Adam, shall I lead you to the tree of eternity and to a kingdom that never decays.” Adam and his wife failed to resist their evil urges and desires and lost the garden of blessings. Adam asked for repentance and forgiveness from Allah. “Then Adam received from his Lord [some] words, and He accepted his repentance. Indeed, it is He who is the Accepting of repentance, the Merciful.” (Quran 2:37) Allah forgave them, but He placed some obligations on them. If they obeyed Allah in these obligations, He would grant them paradise again; if they failed, the punishment would be hellfire. As Adam’s children and his offspring, we have a significant goal in this world: to enter paradise. To achieve this, we must defeat Satan and strictly follow the guidelines (right path) of Allah. Disobedience to Allah’s commands can result in not entering paradise.

The Difference between Angels and Jinn

Believing in the concept of Malak (Singular: An intelligent angel) or Malaikah (Plural: Angel forces) is one of the six pillars of faith according to the teachings of Allah and His messengers. It is a common belief that angels are luminous winged beings made out of light. Some cultures and religions misrepresent the appearance of angels, portraying them as children with wings or beautiful females with wings. The Quran denies this misrepresentation of angels, stating, “And they make the angels who themselves are slaves of the Most Gracious (Allah) females. Did they witness their creation? Their testimony will be recorded, and they will be questioned” [43:19]. “Or did We create the angels as females while they were witnesses?” [37:150]. Throughout history, some misguided people have worshipped angels and Jinn for their abilities, calling them the moon goddess, goddess of fertility, etc. These so-called goddesses (Al-Lat, Al-Uzza, and Manat) were also considered daughters of Allah and worshipped in Pre-Islamic Arabia.

Life did not originate on Earth. Angels and Jinn, two intelligent living beings, were created before humans and came to Earth. Fifteen hundred years ago, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) identified the difference between the main elements of three life forms: Angels, Jinn, and Humans. He said, “Allah fashioned angels from light and then made jinn from smokeless fire. Man was formed later, out of clay” (Muslim). Angels, Jinn, and Humans — these three life forms are interconnected.

Jinni (Singular: An intelligent living organism) and Jinn (Plural: The collective force of Jinni) are creations made out of the smokeless flame. They are unseen or invisible to naked eyes. Allah creates every creation for nothing but His worship. Worship means “obey the commands” to please the authority (Allah) and conform to His will. Allah gave different kinds of commands to His three different kinds of creations (angels, Jinn, human) to test who is good at deeds among His worshippers. Humans were instructed to obey the commands of Allah, live life according to His guidelines to keep everything fairly balanced, and implement His laws on the creations in the earth, sea, and sky to guard themselves and the other creations against the evil forces of Iblis to survive on Earth. Angels were instructed by Allah to assist Adam and his obedient children on the earth, sea, and sky, as Allah chose them to be representatives or authorities on Earth. Like angels, Jinn were also given the same commands to submit to the commands of Allah, accept the authority of the children of Adam, and be obedient to them. Abu Hurayrah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (May Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “When the son of Adam recites a verse of prostration and then falls down in prostration, the devil retreats, weeps, and says: ‘Woe unto him!’ — In the narration of Abu Kurayb, the words are: Woe unto me — the son of Adam was commanded to prostrate, and he prostrated (he submits himself to the Almighty), so Paradise is for him. However, I was commanded to prostrate, but I refused to, so the Fire is for me.” (Muslim)

Intelligent angel communities are obedient to whatever the Creator has instructed them to do. They do not hold the delusional perception of “so-called free will” features as humans and Jinn do. This “so-called free will” feature develops the stubborn (obedient or disobedient/dominant or submissive) nature among Jinn and humans. The Quran mentions the story of an obedient worshipper, Jinni, named Iblis, who raised his status like angels, allowing him to coexist in heaven (higher station) with obedient angels. But Iblis became disobedient and rebellious when Allah commanded him to obey Adam as his authority. The disobedient, arrogant, and stubborn nature of Iblis turned him into “Satan” (Singular: Evil, disobedient, stubborn). Allah said: ‘What prevented you (Iblis) that you did not prostrate (accept the authority of Adam) when I commanded you?’ Iblis argued: ‘I am better than him (Adam); You created me from fire, and him You created from clay.’ Allah said: ‘Get down from here (heaven). It is not for you to be arrogant here. Iblis and his disobedient jinn followers lost their honorable status in the higher station (heaven) because of their disobedience, arrogance, and failure to keep harmony among the universal brotherhood. As Iblis left Paradise, he made a promise: “This one whom you have honored above me, I will surely mislead Adam and his offspring till the day of Judgment” (Quran 17:62). Here, the Quran identified some negative traits of Iblis, such as disobedience, being judgmental, arrogance, jealousy, unjust behavior, hatred, revengefulness, aggressiveness, being unapologetic, and blaming and accusing others of his own mistakes, etc. Later, Allah sent down Adam and his wife along with angels and stubborn jinn forces to test them. The Quran mentions, “We said, ‘Go down from it, all of you. And when guidance comes to you from Me, whoever follows My guidance — there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve. And those who disbelieve and deny Our signs — those will be companions of the Fire; they will abide therein eternally.’” (2:38–39).

Angels and Jinn are our universal brothers. Not all Jinn are disobedient, but most are uncontrollable and stubborn (Shayatin) in nature, similar to some disobedient humans. Iblis and his diverse Jinn followers who refuse to submit themselves to the authority under mankind on Earth are “Shayatin” (Plural: a collective evil force, united devils, dangerous, stubborn, and disobedient in nature). Shayatin (the representatives/followers of Iblis) among the Jinn community are harmful to mankind. The Quran reminds mankind: “Surely Shaitan is an enemy for you. So, take him as an enemy. He only invites his group (to falsehood) so that they become inmates of the blazing fire” (35:6).

On the other hand, Allah’s united angel forces are beneficial, helpful, obedient in nature, and they are harmless and friendly allies for mankind. To identify who is our good companion and who is our bad companion, we need to understand the difference between these two living beings based on their nature, features, elements, and tasks.

In the Quran, two types of creations of Allah are characterized according to their behavior and nature: 1) Diurnal creatures who are active and stronger during the day, and 2) nocturnal creatures who are more active and stronger during the night. Allah says: “And He it is Who made the night a covering for you (protection from His evil creatures), and the sleep a rest, and He made the day to rise up again” (25:47). “And to Him belongs that which reposes by night and by day, and He is the Hearing, the Knowing” (6:13). Allah says, “In the alternation of night and day and what Allah has created in the heavens and the earth, there are Signs for people who guard against evil” (10:6). “How many cities (of disobedient people) We have destroyed! Our violent force came down on them during the night or while they were asleep during the day” (7:4). It is He Who appointed the night for you so that you could rest in it and the day for seeing. There are certainly Signs in that for people who listen” (10:67). The Quran indicates that stubborn Jinn (evil forces, Shayatin) among the diverse Jinn community are more active at night when humans are designed to sleep.

Life in the Microworld and in the Macroworld: Good vs. Evil Force

Allah is the “Knower of the unseen (the microscopic world) and the witnessed, the Grand, the Exalted.” (13:9) Allah is the Lord of the microworld and macroworld. The Quran defines “believers” as those: “Who believe in the unseen (microscopic world), establish prayer, and spend out of what We have provided for them, and who believe in what has been revealed to you, and what was revealed before you, and of the Hereafter, they are certain [in faith].” Therefore, belief in the unseen, invisible, hidden things that are not visible to the naked eye is an important study in Islam. Allah is the Creator of large and small things. As the Quran mentions: “Verily, Allah is not ashamed to set forth a parable even of a mosquito or so much more when it is bigger (or less when it is smaller) than it…” (2:26).

As discussed earlier, Allah created two types of nature among His living micro and macro creations: Creations in good (pure, beneficial, obedient, harmless, angelic) nature, and another one is evil (impure, harmful, stubborn, devilish, disobedient, rebellious) in nature. Some visible and invisible creations of Allah are beneficial or harmless, and some are harmful to mankind. No, I am not telling you to believe that our universal brothers angels and Jinn are microbial communities. But I am wondering about the similarity I found in Hadith and the Quran regarding angels, Jinn, and microspecies. I would like to apply the Quran and Hadith to categorize the colonies of intelligent living organisms in the unseen world (microscopic world) as good and evil according to their nature and features.

The microbiome is a diverse community of microscopic organisms that live in and on the human body, and they can be found everywhere. Good microbes are our friendly companions, “angels,” who fight against bad microbes, whereas harmful microbes (e.g., pathogens, stubborn bacteria, disease-causing viruses, fungi, parasites) can be considered evil agents. They are responsible for transmitting diseases and causing social problems and global catastrophes. These harmful agents who can travel through the air are the invisible enemies of mankind and our planet. The Quran mentions that “Exalted is He who created all pairs — from what the earth grows and from themselves and from that which they do not know” (36:36). This verse indicates that Allah created every ecosystem of His creations with fairly balanced pairs (a fair ratio of good and bad microbes). The Quran also mentions, “Verily, all things have We created in proportion and measure” (Surah Qamar 54:49). Did Allah assign good microbes and stubborn microbes to the ecosystem of the sun, moon, sea, sky, earth, and even within our body as well? As authorities of Earth, it is the responsibility of the children of Adam to implement the commands of Allah to maintain a healthy balance in the ecosystem of His creations (equilibrium); keep harmony among other creations of Allah, protect themselves and the creations on the earth, sea, sky from evil forces and dominate over the stubborn microbe race (Shayatin) to survive on the planet and evolve the status of our souls among worshippers through wisdom, self-control, patience, and enlightenment.

When the ecosystem contains too many harmful microorganisms and not enough friendly microorganisms, an imbalance can occur. If negligent mankind does not follow the commands or guidelines of Allah properly, the ecosystem of His creations becomes imbalanced, and evil forces of Iblis (disobedient microbes/Shayatin) become stronger and more dominant over angel forces and the children of Adam, taking control over their bodies and minds, destroying them, and everything on this planet as well. Say: “Who will protect you night and day from the All-Merciful?” Yet they turn away from the remembrance of their Lord” (21:42).

Tasks of Angels

Our Creator is the only supreme, worship-worthy God who has control over everything in heaven and on Earth: “And your God is One God; there is none who has the right to be worshipped but He, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful” (Quran 2:163). Angels hold an honorable status among the worshippers as they continuously obey the commands and glorify Allah. “Say, [O Muhammad], ‘I do not tell you that I have the depositories [containing the provision] of Allah nor that I know all unseen (matters); nor do I tell you that I am an angel. I only follow what is revealed to me.’” [Al-Anam 6:50].

Firstly, we need to consider that different angelic species have different roles, and all of them obey the instructions of Allah. In the Quran, “I” and “We” are mentioned in many verses to signify the existence of our Creator. In these verses, I believe that “I” indicates Allah alone, and “We” indicates the roles of Allah’s assigned angels who continuously perform essential tasks for the children of Adam by Allah’s command. These tasks serve as “signs” or “proof” of the dutiful existence of Allah’s assigned angels.

“Allah selects messengers from both angels and people, for Allah is truly All-Hearing, All-Seeing” (Quran 22:75). For example, the messenger angel named Jibril (PBUH) delivered the revelation from Allah to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) only when Allah commanded Jibril and taught him the signs of the existence of Allah and His angel forces by saying, “The likeness of the life of the present is like the rain which We (assigned angels of Allah) send down from the skies…” (Quran 10:24). This verse indicates that angels send down rain under the commands of Allah.

Another verse in the Quran mentions: “And with Him (Allah) are the keys of all unseen (matters); none knows them except Him. And He knows what is on the land and in the sea. Not a leaf falls but that He knows it. And no grain is there within the darkness of the earth and no moist or dry [thing] but that it is [written] in a clear record” (Surah Al-Anam 6:59). Here, “He” refers to Allah, who alone possesses all knowledge about the details of the unseen world (e.g., microworld, macroworld, the world of the dead, heaven, hell, etc.), except for those to whom He chooses to reveal some knowledge about the unseen. Angels and Jinn do not know all the unseen worlds or matters unless Allah has revealed a small amount of information to them.

1500 years ago, Allah granted Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) supervision and super-hearing to observe some parts of the unseen world that we usually do not see and hear. As the Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “Verily, I see what you do not see, and I hear what you do not hear…” Today, scientists have been granted little knowledge to explore some parts of the unseen matters to realize the existence of one “true” Creator. For example, microbiologists can observe and detect some microbial cells using microscopes and molecular techniques.

Let’s look at our companions in the microscopic world, their roles, and how they are similar to angels and devils in Islamic content. Microorganisms are companions in the ecosystem of the human body and the Earth. Earth was not the best habitable planet in the universe for life. The Quran mentions: “Or the One who made the earth a place to settle and made rivers amidst it and made mountains for (making) it (firm), and made a barrier between two seas? Is there any god along with Allah? No, but most of them do not have knowledge.” (27:61). I believe angels prepared a suitable “test” place in the world for each of the souls of the children of Adam according to the commands of Allah. To make this world a perfect habitable place for the children of Adam to evolve their souls into enlightened entities through the “test-trial-error-control-train” process, microbes converted the earth’s entire atmosphere from nitrogen-based to oxygen-based, making it possible for higher forms of life to evolve. Do you also think angels can seed life on Earth by the command of Allah?

Human evolution has been indistinguishably linked with the microbes that surround us. The Quran mentions, “Exalted is He who created all pairs — from what the earth grows and from themselves and from that which they do not know” (36:36). This verse indicates that Allah assigned His microbes to every ecosystem on Earth, in the sea, in the sky, and even within our bodies, to perform their tasks from the very beginning.

Microbes are organized multicellular entities. Like mankind, there is diversity among microspecies. The Quran states, “There is not a living organism (creature) that lives on the earth, nor a being that flies on its wings, but they form communities like you. Nothing has been omitted from the Book, and they all shall be gathered to their Lord in the end” (6:38). All different angels are but a single brotherhood, like us. We are connected to every creature on Earth, and all living creations of Allah form a single family. Remove microbes from the body and the environment (Earth), and life will gradually collapse.

“Nothing is hidden from God, on Earth or in heaven. It is He who forms you in the wombs as He wills. There is no god except He, the Almighty, the Wise” (Quran 3:5–6). Microbes interact with the child when they are in the mother’s womb and during their birth. We know that angels assist in fertilization and the process of fetal development in the mother’s womb by the commands of Allah. After several stages of development, the microscopic soul of the child of Adam is breathed into the worldly body in their mothers’ womb. Anas Ibn Malik (RA) narrated, “The Prophet (Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: At every womb, Allah appoints an angel who kept communicating to Allah (for His instruction), ‘O Lord! Now in semen-shape. O Lord! Now it has turned to clotted blood. O Lord! Now it has turned into a meatball. Then when Allah wants to complete the creation, He asks: ‘Will it be a male or female (gender), a wretched or a blessed (genetic traits e.g., intelligence, good health), and how much will his provision be? And what will his age be?’ The Prophet (Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “So all that is written while the child is still in the mother’s womb.” The baby continues to share the mother’s microbes through breastfeeding and skin-to-skin contact. From the moment we were born, microbes began living in and on our bodies. These early colonizers helped educate our immune systems to differentiate good microbial companions from pathogenic microbes.

Every person has a unique variety of inhabiting microbes. Allah determines which microbes get to colonize our body and make a pass through the ecosystem based on (host) genetics. Your microbiome can be traced back to your mother. When the child exits via the birth canal, they’re purified in the vaginal microbes of the mother. The personal microbiome can be compared to a biological signature or unique fingerprint since no one, not even identical twins, share the same microbiome. A hadith informs us about the composition of the microbiome: “At the time of birth of every human child, four angels and one (dormant) Qarin jinn were appointed with each human being” (Muslim). According to another hadith, the innate nature (fitrah) of a newborn baby (our souls, assigned angels, and Qarin Jinn) is in submission (under control), but the nature of the assigned Jinn and ourselves may continue to change throughout life according to our immunologic factors, actions, eating habits, lifestyle, behavior, environment, parental teaching, and diseases.

The inhabitant microbes change ecosystems inside of us. Bacteria are single-celled microbes. Like a planet with different regions and climates, each part of the human body is a different type of ecosystem, the inhabitants (pair of angels and stubborn Jinn microbes) of which have adapted to the characteristics of each location. Microbiological flora lives on the scalp, armpit, faces, feet, mouth, skin, gut, vagina, shoulder, nasal passageway, oral, the outer ear canal (external auditory canal), etc.

The evil agents (harmful bacteria, viruses, pathogenic organisms that flow in the air) try to enter our bodies to attack us and our good bacteria using specific routes. Good bacteria fight against bad bacteria that want to enter the body and cause disease. When the bad bacteria in your ecosystem outnumber the good bacteria, it increases the risk of diseases and death. When something disrupts the harmonious connection between good microbes and us, we start experiencing suffering. The life of us and our good microbes is interconnected; if they all die, we will experience death too.

Our soul is the leader of our body. As Allah’s chosen authority, it is our responsibility to maintain a fair balance between our universal brother, good bacteria, and stubborn bacteria (microbiome) in the ecosystem of our body and guard ourselves and good microbes against the evil agents of Iblis. The Quran mentions: “Thus whoever strives (to follow Allah’s commands) — he only strives for his own good; Surely Allah is free of all needs from all creation” (29:6).

Two types of witnessing angels (Raqib and Atid), by the commands of Allah, perform the duty of recording data about every single action of each of us until our death. Today, scientists have built the world’s microscopic data recorder from microbes. To me, our shoulder microbiome works as a natural biological memory device or biological data storage included in living cells. The colony of intelligent microbes might be programmed by Allah to act as a hugely powerful parallel computer. The Quran informs us: “And surely there are indeed over you Preservers, who are watchers, noble recorders (of the deeds), who know whatever you do” (Surah 82:10–12). Allah warns mankind: “Behold, two (angels) appointed to learn (his doings) learn (and recorded them), one sitting on the right and one on the left. Not a word does he utter, but there is a sentinel by him, ready (to record it)” [Quran 126: 17–18]. How do we think we are “free” when we are monitored twenty-four hours a day by Allah and His assigned angels and Jinn? These two types of angels sit on a person’s right and left shoulders (possibly on the clavicle).

Whether one’s soul is sent to Jannah (heaven) or Jahannam (hell) depends on whether one’s recorded good deeds outweigh one’s bad deeds. Also, the souls of children of Adam who fashion or shape their “self” with good character and positive personality traits are candidates for heaven. The Quranic verses 17:13 to 17:15 mention that fate is in people’s hands (actions): “Every man’s fate (genetic data and activities) We have fastened on his own neck (storage): On the Day of Judgment, We shall bring out for him a scroll, which he will see spread open” (17:13). Today, scientists can store digital data in DNA. Harvard University geneticists George Church, Sri Kosuri, et al. encoded a 52,000-word book in thousands of snippets of DNA, using strands of DNA’s four-letter alphabets of A, G, T, and C to encode the 0s and 1s of the digitized file. Do you think a book might be encoded in DNA using strands of DNA’s letter alphabets Alif Lam Mim, Ṭa-Ha, Ya-Sin, Ṣad, and Qaf? Allah knows best! In the future, people might transfer digital data directly from computers to living cells or encode digital data in DNA-based data storage.

Are angels charged with your DNA? Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “Verily, the angel on the left side will raise his pen over the error or sin of the servant for six hours. If he sincerely regrets it and seeks forgiveness from Allah, the angel will throw it aside. Otherwise, he will record it as one sin.” Abu Huraira reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Allah says to the angels: If my servant intends a bad deed, do not record it unless he does it. If he does it, record it as one bad deed. If he leaves it for my sake, record for him one good deed. If he intends to do a good deed and does not do it, a record for him is one good deed. If he does it, the record for him is ten good deeds like it up to seven-hundred times as much” (Sahih al-Bukhari).

Angels also declare forgiveness for circles of remembrance. Sahl ibn Hanzalah reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “No people sit together to remember Allah Almighty and stand to leave until a heavenly caller says to them: Stand, and your sins are forgiven by Allah! Your bad deeds have been replaced with good deeds!” (al-Mu’jam al-Kabīr). But the Pen is lifted from one who is asleep (and his deeds are not recorded).

Our mouth is home to different bacterial species. Among the oral microbiome, bad bacteria provoke diseases. In the microbiome ecosystem, certain friendly bacteria protect our mouth and body from bad bacteria (devils). Balancing good and bad bacteria in our mouth is important because good mouth microbes fight to control the growth of bad bacteria and protect us from gum diseases. When the bad bacteria in your mouth outnumber the good bacteria, it causes an increased risk of gingivitis, periodontal disease, and tooth decay. Oral and gut microbes are also correlated with rheumatic heart disease. Clean your mouth daily to invite your good companion angels. Ali (RA) reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Verily, when the servant uses the tooth stick and then stands to pray, an angel stands behind him and listens to his recitation. The angel draws near until his mouth coincides with his, and nothing of the Quran comes out of it but that it enters the heart of the angel. Thus, purify your mouths for the Quran” (Musnad al-Bazzar).

Different microbes influence our appetite, immune system, emotions, hormone release, mood, and mental health. The human gut ecosystems are composed of good and stubborn microorganisms. Collectively, inner beneficial microbes and bad microbes inside your digestive system can be considered the gut microbiota. Researchers found that harmless GI bacteria called Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium produce GABA (“feel-good” molecules of the endocrine system). But people who suffer from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are more vulnerable to feelings of anxiety or depression. Each human body hosts microorganisms for every human cell, and these microbes contribute to digestion, produce vitamins, promote the development of the immune system, and detoxify harmful chemicals. Good microbes compete with bad microbes for access to the same nutrients in the gut, and if the good bacteria win, they assist the body in metabolizing food. Beneficial microbes reduce the risk of heart disease. The bacteria’s activity in the intestines reduces the production of a chemical that has been linked to the development of clogged arteries. To maintain a healthy balance of bacteria in your gut microbiome, you need to promote the good bacteria that assist in digestion and keep your bad bacteria in check. The selection of the right diet, exercise, prayer, personal hygiene, covering the skin and hair properly, a healthy lifestyle, and a clean environment can impact our microbiome companions positively.

Bacteria serve as communication signals between the microbiome and the human host. To me, our good gut microbes inspire us to do good deeds, while bad gut bacteria whisper to do bad deeds by copying our voice and influencing our evil thoughts (temptation or negative emotions such as anger, and depression). However, humans are responsible for acting based on whether they choose to follow the right guidance of angels or the commands of the devils. Is it possible that losing these good bacteria may reduce the chance of receiving guidance from Allah (good advice), whereas promoting bad bacteria in the gut might trigger more negative thoughts in the mind? It is mentioned in the Quran: “And if there comes to you from Satan an evil suggestion (negative thought), then seek refuge in Allah. Indeed, He is the Hearing, the Knowing” (41:36). Abdullah ibn Masud reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Verily, Satan has influence with the son of Adam, and the angel has influence. As for the influence of Satan, he promises evil and denies the truth. As for the influence of the angel, he promises goodness and affirms the truth. Whoever finds this goodness, let him know that it is from Allah, and let him praise Allah. Whoever finds something else, let him seek refuge in Allah from the accursed Satan.” Then, the Prophet recited the verse, “Satan threatens you with poverty and commands evil (e.g., sexual immorality via sexual stimuli dopamine), but Allah promises you forgiveness and favor from Him” (Quran 2:268; Sunan al-Tirmidhi).

It is our responsibility to train our own “self” to avoid the tempting whispers of inner devils and guide us to the right path according to the commands of our Creator, enabling us to reach our goals. In order to rectify an unbalanced gut and control evil thoughts and sexual temptations, we need to practice intermittent fasting. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, “O young men, whoever among you can afford to get married, let him do so, and whoever cannot afford it, let him fast, for that will be a shield for him.” (Bukhari)

How do microbes send a chemical signal of temptation or inspiration to our brains? Bacteria in one part of the body can communicate with other bacteria in another part of the body using chemical signal molecules. This behavior is known as quorum sensing. A recent study in the field of Molecular Bioscience has shown that gut bacteria can communicate with the cells of horses to improve athletic performance. The human or another animal’s (e.g., honey bees’) gut microbiome communicates with its host by sending chemical signals to its cells, inspiring them to perform specific tasks or activities.

The Quran indicates how honey bees are inspired to produce honey for mankind: “And your Lord (Allah) revealed to the bees: Build your hives in mountains, trees, and in what they build. Then eat from every fruit and follow your Lord’s enslaved paths; from its bellies exit drink of different colors, and in its healing for man. These are signs for those who contemplate.” (Quran 16:68–69) Honey color ranges from nearly colorless to dark brown, and its flavor varies from delectably mild to distinctively bold, depending on where the honey bees buzzed. Similarly, various factors, including the foods you eat, can impact the type of bacteria found in your digestive tract.

Like the honeybee, Allah might instruct beneficial gut bacteria to build their home in our intestinal universe (gut) and derive energy for good from our intestinal fluid. We not only feed ourselves but also feed our gut bacteria. Therefore, our digestive fluids determine the fate of bacteria. Every creation of Allah has an interdependent relationship with other creations, and all creations depend on their Creator. Why do honey bees produce honey for humans? Why do cows allow humans to take their milk without a fight? Both honeybees and cows are perceived as dutiful creatures that serve mankind, obediently following the command of their Creator to please Him. All of Allah’s creations, such as the sun and moon, willingly submit themselves to serve mankind in obedience to Allah’s commands, except for a few ungrateful humans and Jinn.

A healthy diet, according to the commands of Allah and His messengers, is the best source of nutrients for a healthy microbiome. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) maintained a polyphenol-rich, probiotics-rich, antioxidant-rich, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory diet (e.g., dates, figs, honey), which stimulates the growth of good bacteria in the gut and maintains a healthy balance in the ecosystem of our body. This is how we are connected with God’s creations through a good diet. Good microorganisms assist our bodies in digesting meals, absorbing nutrients, and producing numerous nutrients within the intestinal tract. These beneficial bacteria may also protect us, by the command of Allah, against evil bacteria that cause diseases by crowding them out in the gut, producing acids that inhibit their growth, and stimulating the immune system to fight them off.

Some people believe that angels do not require sleep, food, or drink. The Quran mentions that angels in human form were unable to eat the roasted calf (human food) that Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) served them. “Our messengers came to Abraham with good news, greeting him saying ‘Peace!’ He said ‘Peace,’ and did not wait to bring them a roasted calf. But when he saw their hands not reaching for it, he became fearful of them. They said, ‘Do not fear! We have been sent to the people of Lot…’” (Quran 11:69–70). To me, there is no single verse in the Quran that indicates that Allah endowed the angels with the strength to perform obedience without needing nutrition. The Quran mentions, “They also say, ‘What ails this Messenger that he eats food and goes to the markets? Why has an angel not been sent down to him, to be a warner with him?’” (25:7). “We never sent before thee any messengers but lo! They verily ate food and walked in the markets. And We have appointed some of you a test for others: Will ye be steadfast? And thy Lord is ever Seer” (25:20). All living organisms need food to stay alive and get energy, and every soul of living organisms must taste death (e.g., all the angels will die before the day of judgment). I believe that Allah is one and only and that He doesn’t eat, drink, or sleep.

Bad bacteria feed on unhealthy foods, such as fat, unclean food, energy drinks, sugary and starchy foods. Too much refined sugar, foods containing gluten from wheat, and foods with low indigestible fiber can also increase the number of villains (bad bacteria) in the gut. The Quran indicates that Bani Israel asked for those foods which stimulated the growth of bad bacteria: “And [recall] when you said, ‘O Moses, we can never endure one [kind of] food. So, call upon your Lord to bring forth for us from the earth its green herbs and its cucumbers and its garlic and its lentils and its onions.’ [Moses] said, ‘Would you exchange what is better for what is less nutritious, good quality? Go into [any] settlement and indeed, you will have what you have asked.’ And they were covered with humiliation and poverty (we know the poor gut is linked to poor performance and sickness such as gastrointestinal illnesses) and returned with anger from Allah [upon them]. That was because they [repeatedly] disbelieved in the signs of Allah and killed the prophets without right (by the whispers of devil bacteria). That was because they disobeyed and were [habitually] transgressing” (2:61). This verse indicates how ungrateful Bani Israel preferred quantity over food quality, which might disrupt the proportions of the gut bacteria, and they used to commit crimes by following the whispers of bad microbes (waswas/chemical signal).

The ecosystem of the human body is designed by Allah in such a way that if they promote good bacteria in their diet, they keep their gut and heart healthy. On the other hand, if humans eat food that causes inflammation and the food which is prohibited according to the guidelines of Allah or overeat, they feed their bad bacteria, and they become sick. Suppose humans neglect to follow a healthy lifestyle, cleanliness, Salat (physical activity associated with spiritual prayer), fasting, and a healthy diet according to the commands of Allah. In that case, their gut becomes imbalanced, and their evil companion (inner stubborn bacteria) becomes stronger, causing diseases, mental health problems, increasing the risk of criminal behavior or sin, and decreasing the quality of life and well-being. With a healthy diet, fasting, good hygiene, physical exercise, prayer, proper lifestyle, speaking less, and practicing self-control according to the teachings of Allah and His messengers, people can promote good bacteria and restrict the bad bacteria inside our bodies from causing harm to our health. The Quran mentions, “The oppressive forces (harmful microbes) can never prevail upon those who are believers and firmly rely on the protection of the laws of Allah” (16:69).

The design of every creation of Allah is similar, which is proof that all creations are created and fashioned by one single GOD. The function of the universe and the human body is also strikingly similar. The Quran mentions that fresh water and seawater never mix. There is a barrier between the two (25.53). Similarly, the passage of bacteria, red blood cells, and certain toxins cannot generally pass through some barriers inside the body. For them, our body is a mini-universe to explore. Different types of good microbes are assigned to do different tasks, including supporting all digestive functions, supporting the immune system and urinary tract health, eliminating toxins, improving the quality and duration of sleep, and relieving abdominal cramps and gases.

Harmful microorganisms from the air might enter through damaged skin and wounds and spread inside the body. Mankind is vulnerable to harmful microbes (e.g., stubborn bacteria, viruses, parasites, and pathogens) that cause diseases and suffering. The Quran mentions, “And man has been created weak” (An Nisa 28). Good microbes are the blessing and mercy of Allah. They exist with us harmoniously, fight and assist in building a defense against bad microbes that cause diseases. No food or medicine can save you from diseases without Allah’s help. Unless Allah sends His powerful force to fight against your disease-causing bacteria, your body cannot end suffering. As the Quran reminds us, “So, verily, with every difficulty (caused by harmful microbes), there is relief” (94:5) “And that there is no protector or helper for you besides Allah” (2:107). As discussed earlier, if our good companion angels and beneficial microbes, by the commands of Allah, do not come to us, there will be no relief from suffering and diseases. The world will never recover from infections, inflammation, and diseases caused by harmful pathogens. Without Allah’s help, this world will not be an inhabitable place (it will be like hell).

Our vision and hearing are interconnected with our gut health and heart health. What we see and hear might impact the psychology of microbes in our ecosystem. Your inner universal brothers may see what you see, and they may hear what you hear. They can also sense numbers. High-pitched sounds, loud voices, sound waves, or sonication may injure or destroy some bacterial species. The Quran warns people: “O you who believe, do not raise your voices above the voice of the Prophet, and do not be loud when speaking to him, as you are loud when speaking to one another, lest your good deeds (to keep a healthy body and mind) become void while you are not aware.” [Chapter the Rooms, 2] Angels might react to certain signs, (animal) images, shapes, and symbols differently. Do you think they cannot come closer to you if you are watching offensive TV shows or listening to certain music?

The angels are the “light” forces of Allah. The Quran also mentions that Kafir (disbelievers of the unseen microscopic world) want to destroy the light of Allah (assigned angels) with fire (Jinn created from fire) when they argue or speak useless speech with their mouths. The Quran mentions: “They want to extinguish the light of Allah (angels) with their mouths, but Allah refuses except to perfect His light, although the disbelievers dislike it.” (Surah Taubah, Ayat 41) It might be possible that loud arguments, loud ringtones, violent lyrics, and string or flute-like musical instruments might impact our microbiome compositions and the growth of bad microbes. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “Speak a good word or remain silent.” Guard your vision, hearing, and mouth to protect your heart and preserve your life.

Hadith indicates that angels react based on spoken words. The power of the word “Bismillah” and prayer might change the micro and macro aspects of reality. While the angel Jibril was sitting with the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), peace and blessings were upon him. He heard a creaking noise above him. Jibril (PBUH) informed the Prophet: When People recite Al-Fatihah and the last verses of al-Baqarah, Angels descend from heaven (higher station/space) to earth. (Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim) Another hadith indicates that angels descend from space (higher station or heaven) to listen to the Quran. Usayd ibn Hudayr reported: He said, “O Messenger of Allah, while I was reciting Surah al-Baqarah in the night, I heard a loud noise behind me, and I thought my horse had escaped.” The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “Recite, O Abu ‘Atik.” Then, I turned to behold the likeness of a lamp hanging between the heavens and the earth, as the Prophet was saying, “Recite, O Abu ‘Atik.” He said, “O Messenger of Allah, how can I keep going?” The Prophet said, “These angels descended for your recitation of Surah al-Baqarah. If you had continued, you would have seen wonders” (Ṣaḥiḥ Ibn Ḥibban). Hearing and reciting the Quran and remembrance of Allah (effects of sound exposure to the Quran) might promote the growth of our good microbes and reduce the rapid growth of bad bacteria. However, “do not recite (too) loudly in your prayer or (too) quietly but seek between that an [intermediate] way.” [Surah Al-Isra 17:110]

The powerful army of good microbes may react differently to the spoken words of believers. The Prophet used to treat his wife by passing his right hand over the place of ailment and used to say, “O Allah, the Lord of the people! Remove the trouble and heal the patient, for You are the Healer. No healing is of any avail but Yours; healing that will leave behind no ailment.” This indicates that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) used a cell-to-cell signaling (quorum communication) approach. Cells can communicate directly with one another and change their own internal workings in response by way of a variety of chemical or other signals. A hadith mentions: “During the Prophet’s fatal illness, he used to recite Surah An-Nas and Surah Al-Falaq and then blow his breath over his body. When his illness was aggravated, he used to recite those two Surahs and blow my breath over him and make him rub his body with his own hand for its blessings.” Ma’mar asked Az-Zuhri: How did the Prophet use to blow? Az-Zuhri said: He used to blow on his hands and then passed them over his face). Narrated by Abdul Aziz: Thabit and I went to Anas bin Malik. Thabit said, “O Abu Hamza! I am sick.” On that Anas said, “Shall I treat you with the Ruqya of Allah’s Apostle?” Thabit said, “Yes,” Anas recited, “O Allah! The Lord of the people, the Remover of trouble! (Please) cure (heal this patient), for You are the Healer. None brings about healing but You; healing that will leave behind no ailment.” Blowing the verse of the Quran on the body of the sick might act like transferring information from one cell (or microbe) to another part.

Living bacteria can be found in every brain. Prophet Hud (PBUH) said to his people: “I put my trust in Allah, my Lord, and your Lord! There is not a moving (living) creature, but He has a grasp of its forelock. Verily, my Lord is on the Straight Path (to go to heaven)” [Surah Hud, verse 56]. Microbes help regulate neuronal structure within the prefrontal cortex (forelock). Some microbes may secrete messenger molecules that travel through the blood to the brain. The frontal lobe (forelock) is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as memory, emotions, impulse control, problem-solving, social interaction, and motor function. Can bacteria communicate or send a signal to the forelock? Verse 16 of Surah Alaq indicates that the frontal cortex of the forehead in the depth of man’s forelock is his center of decision-making, such as truthfulness and lying. The Quran indicates this region of the brain as “a lying, sinning forelock” (Surah Alaq, 96), which is responsible for making decisions to commit bad deeds after getting evil thoughts in the mind, influenced by inner devil bacteria. The influence of Satan’s tempting whispers cannot be blamed for one’s bad actions. The Quran provides the hint that the forelock (frontal lobe) is responsible for choosing right or wrong (truth or falsehood) before committing any actions. However, both angels and Jinn also have thinking abilities, so they might communicate with each other (same species) on what actions we would take to exert their influence on our decision-making ability.

Our Creator is our first teacher of all His creations, and nature is our school. All creations of Allah are learning from each other through observation. Abu Huraira reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Allah created Adam in His image, sixty cubits tall. When He created him, Allah said: Go and greet with peace these groups of assembled angels and listen to how they greet you, for this will be the greeting among your progeny. Adam said: Peace be upon you. The angels said: Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah. Thus, they added the mercy of Allah…” Angel Jibril took the soul of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) on a trip to watch and understand heaven and hell through observation. In his night journey, it might be possible that at every moment, he experienced thousands of new alternate timelines. After acquiring knowledge about heaven and hell, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) taught his community and raised awareness about reward and punishment.

Angels are also learning from mankind. When Allah informed the angels that He intended to create Adam, the angels quickly passed judgment on mankind. Allah responded to them, ‘I know that which you do not know.’ Allah then teaches Adam the names of all things and assembles the angels in front of Adam to show them that there is more to Adam than they know, particularly the intellectual capacity of Adam: “And He taught Adam the names — all of them.’

Abdullah ibn Masud reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, narrated to us, for he is truthful and trusted, “Verily, the creation of each one of you is brought together in his mother’s womb for forty days as a drop, then he is a clot for a similar period, then a morsel for a similar period, then there is sent to him the angel who blows the spirit into him and he is commanded regarding four matters: to write down his provision, his life span, his deeds, and whether he is blessed or damned. By Allah, other than whom there is no God, one of you acts like the people of Paradise until he is but an arm’s length from it, and what is written overtakes him so he acts like the people of Hellfire, and he enters it. Verily, one of you acts like the people of Hellfire until he is but an arm’s length from it, and what is written overtakes him so he acts like the people of Paradise, and he enters it.” (Ṣaḥiḥ al-Bukhari) This hadith indicates Allah instructed angels to write down the preset fate of the souls of the children of Adam when they are born.

The journey in this world is a lesson for every soul of the children of Adam, assigned angels, and jinn. When assigned angels observe a person who was destined for heaven but becomes disobedient and maintains an unhealthy lifestyle, the signs of his approaching death become visible to these angels. The angels might talk about this person between themselves and how he can still go to heaven with his bad deeds, but they become surprised when they figure out that the person suddenly modifies his behavior and starts doing good deeds after guidance and repentance. “If Allah Almighty wills goodness for a servant, He sweetens him.” It was said, “What is his sweetness?” The Prophet said, “Allah Almighty opens the door of righteous deeds for him before his death and then receives his soul in that state.” (Musnad Aḥmad). After learning through observation, assigned angels glorify the Most Wise Allah Who is the knower of all things.

Our Creator does not need our worship with force. The truth is “the Creator exists” and “no creation deserves worship except the true Creator.” The Quran emphasizes and urges humans to use their intellect to find this truth and submit themselves to His commands willingly for their own good. The Quran mentions: “And those to whom knowledge has come to see that the (Revelation) sent down to thee from thy Lord — that is the Truth, and that it guides to the Path of the Exalted (in might), Worthy of all praise.” [Surah Saba, Verse 6]

The “sinful” region (forelock) of the human brain might develop a false perception of the so-called “free will.” Both humans and jinn (extraterrestrial beings) share this false perception, which is commonly known as “free will.” Because of this self-destructive concept of desire, we act like powerful supreme beings, pretending to be controllers of all things in this world, disobeying the commands of the Creator, and rejecting the truth, which is “we are the creations and we have to follow the instructions of the Creator.”

Imagine being in a situation where your car is smashed by a massive rock that falls suddenly; do you really have free will to control this incident? Or imagine being trapped on ten floors of a building where a fire broke out; can you change the situation? Do we all have free will? Did a human being born into a poor family or a rich family choose that by their will? In reality, we have freedom but free will is only an illusion generated by our brains. I believe that chemical signals from outnumbered inner bad bacteria are responsible for our false perception of “free” will, which causes the delusion of self-sufficiency and leads us to the erroneous conclusion about ourselves. This region of the brain (forelock) might make us believe that we are making a choice before the consequences of that choice could really be seen. “And never say anything, ‘Indeed, I will do that tomorrow,’ Except [when adding], ‘If Allah wills. Whenever you forget, remember your Lord and say, ‘May my Lord guide me closer to what is right.’ (18:23–24) The truth is, only our Creator has free will. Allah reminds us: “…And you cannot will except that which Allah wills” (9:51).

Those who recognize that their successes and failures depend on the will of Allah become patient and place their reliance on Him. A man came to Imam Ali (RA) and asked him, “Do we have free will, or is everything predetermined?” Imam Ali (RA) asked him to stand on one leg; after a brief pause, Imam Ali (RA) asked him to raise his other leg. But the man couldn’t. So, Imam Ali (RA) said, “That is free will.” We are authorized to do certain things for a specific period with Allah’s permission. But Allah has control over all things.

On the day of judgment, the souls will be judged for their intentions to choose the right or wrong and their actions. Believers who understand they have no such thing as “free” will submit their so-called “free” will to the will and commands of the Creator through physical and spiritual prostration (submission). Our body and mind are both instruments of worship. Prostration (submitting our forelock or will to Allah) has a physical and spiritual nature. “Sajdah,” a physical prostration position (bowing down/putting the forehead on the ground), is an activity of the daily prayers of Muslims. “Prostration” or “Bowing down towards Allah” represents that the believer who submits his forelock (delusional free will) to the commands of Allah Almighty by trusting His plan, which is definitely on the right path for success in this world and the hereafter.

Disobedient souls of the children of Adam and Jinn do not submit their forelock to the commands of Allah, like Iblis, who did not prostrate to the commands of Allah, submitting him under the authority of Adam. On the other hand, obedient souls perform spiritual prostration by obeying the commands of Allah like angels. The Quran reminds us: “We are told to rely on Allah in all our affairs. And rely upon the Ever-Living who does not die.” (25:58) “And whoever relies upon Allah — He will be sufficient for him.” (65:3). Prostration (Sajdah) also has a positive impact on the prefrontal brain activity and heart health. Believers who understand they have little control over outcomes take precautions, struggle, and do their best to achieve their goals, but they are not frustrated when they lose something; they patiently pray to Allah Who has control over all situations, and they believe whatever comes and goes is based on the will of Allah and is good for them. Allah reminds: “…But perhaps you hate a thing but it is good for you, and perhaps you love a thing but it is bad for you. And Allah Knows (which is good for you), while you know not.” (2:216) Say: “Nothing shall ever happen to us except what Allah has ordained for us. He is our protector. And in Allah let the believers put their trust.” (Surah Tawba, Verse 51)

We are not alone. Allah assigned angels as guards within you and around you. The Quran mentions the assigned guard angels: “There can be no partners associated with Allah nor can any worship, including prayers, be directed toward others to seek help and protection and follow the commands of Allah. For him [i.e., each one] is successive [angels] before and behind him who protect him by the decree of Allah…” (13:11). Everywhere you go, in everything you do, you are surrounded by an aura of microbes. Even when you sit, you sit in your own personal microbial bubble or shade. This bubble-like protection or cloud of microbes is made up of trillions of microbes. These good microbes act like assigned guards that might keep away the harmful bacteria that make us sick. When you pray to the Creator and seek refuge from Satan, the strong microbial cloud might be assigned to guard us against the harm from the bad microbes. The Quran reminds us: (When people say) ‘When will Allah’s help come?’ Behold! Allah’s help is indeed near!” [Surah al-Baqarah 2, verse 214]. Therefore, people who trust and rely upon their Creator are always under Allah’s protection. Say: ‘Who will protect you night and day from the All-Merciful?’ Yet, they turn away from the remembrance of their Lord. (21:42)

A hadith mentions: Abu Huraira reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “No people gather to remember Allah Almighty but that the angels surround them, cover them with mercy, send tranquility upon them, and mention them to Allah among those near to Him.” When Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was a child, a cloud used to follow and shade him. Another story reminds us of the help of Allah: Tyrant king Nimrud throws Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) into the fire to worship the true creator. Nimrod yelled to Abraham, “O Abraham, can you get out of the fire?” Abraham said, “Yes.” Then Nimrod asked, “Are you afraid of being burnt if you stay there?” Abraham answered, “No.” Then Abraham went out of the fire. Abraham was asked, “Who was the one with you?” Abraham said, “That was the angel of shades. God sent him to give me good company.” The microbes could fight fires by the plan of Allah. The Quran mentions, “We (angels) said to the fire, ‘Be cool and peaceful (with Ibrahim)’” (21:69).

Immunity is stronger at night when believers purify themselves (performing wudu or cleansing the routes by which bad microbes can enter the human bodies) and remember the guidance of Allah (the Quran) before sleeping. Since our bodies become more vulnerable when we sleep, if we recite a surah before sleeping, nighttime angels guard us as our natural bacterial defense. The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “No Muslim retires to his bed, reciting a chapter from the Book of Allah (Quran), but that Allah entrusts him to the care of an angel. Nothing will approach to harm him until he awakens, whenever he awakens.” (Sunan al-Tirmidhi). Jabir reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “When a man retires to his bed, an angel and a devil rush to him. The angel says: End your day with good! The devil says: End your day with evil! If he remembers Allah and then falls asleep, the angel will spend the night taking care of him.” (al-Sunan al-Kubra lil-Nasai). “Glory be to You (Allah)! So, guard us against the punishment of the Fire (for actions influenced by evil forces)” [Quran, 3:191].

Angels bless those who sleep with ablution (cleansing the exposed body parts, which are the route to enter harmful bacteria). Ibn Umar reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “Purify these bodies of yours, that Allah may purify you. No servant retires for the night in a state of purity, but an angel resides with him in his bed. Every time he turns about for an hour, the angel says: O Allah, forgive your servant, as he has retired in a state of purity” (al-Mujam al-Kabir).

Good bacteria are programmed and engineered by Allah to fight off bad bacteria, cancer, and infection, and restore the balance within your body, making you feel better. When the gut flora contains too many harmful bacteria and not enough friendly bacteria, an imbalance can occur when humans neglect to follow the lifestyles according to Allah and His messengers. Reduced gut flora diversity can be linked to insulin resistance, weight gain, inflammation, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. A sign of good gut health is daily bowel movements free of symptoms like diarrhea, constipation, excessive flatulence, and loose stools. Other signs of a healthy gut include being free of rectal symptoms like hemorrhoids and abdominal symptoms such as gas, bloating, and abdominal pain. A poor diet and some diseases can kill off some beneficial gut flora (who live inside the intestines) and bring up some disease-causing evil pathogens.

Diet is one of the main drivers in shaping the gut microbiota. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) maintained a gut and heart-healthy diet that contains a diverse range of foods, especially polyphenols, antioxidants, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory-rich foods (e.g., dates, figs, olives, barley). Also, he followed some strategies such as: Only ate food that has been mentioned in the name of Allah and is pure (not contaminated and unclean), did two days of intermittent fasting per week (Monday and Thursday), ate an early dinner before night prayer, did not eat bread for three consecutive days, did not eat too much meat, and avoided filling the stomach with food and drink. This diet assists us to balance our gut ecosystem and practice self-control on food temptation. Like the Prophet (PBUH), sometimes train yourself with no-cooked meals for a while. Fill one-third of your stomach with food, one-third with drink, and one-third with air. To me, promoting inner beneficial bacterial populations is important for receiving guidance (good advice/ conscience of moral goodness) from Allah. Rebalancing your beneficial gut microbiome with a proper diet, physical activities (e.g., prayer, exercise), a healthy lifestyle, and good hygiene (e.g., wudu, oral care) leads to positive changes in your brain chemistry.

A hadith indicates that Prophet Muhammad loved to wear the fragrance of Musk and ambergris. Because angels like sweet-smelling fragrances. Abu Said al-Khudri reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, mentioned a woman from the children of Israel who would wear a ring filled with musk, and that musk is the best perfume.

Some activities may harm and disturb your friendly bacterial communities and angels, such as:

1. A hadith indicates that angels of mercy cannot enter the home with a dog. The possible reason might be different harmful bacterial colonizers or bacterial sequences in the canine gastrointestinal tract. Another possible reason can be that canines might carry different bacteria species on their fur, disturbing angels of mercy. Allah knows the best! Having certain pets may affect your microbiome as well.
2. Hadith indicates that bad odor (bloating and flatulence gas) can disturb angels. As the Prophet, peace, and blessings are upon him, said, “Whoever eats onions, garlic, or leeks (non-digestible fibers) should not approach our mosque, for the angels are offended by whatever (bad odor/smelly farts) offends the children of Adam.” “…If it is necessary to eat them, make them dead by cooking, that is, onions and garlic.” (Ahmad)
3. Antibiotics may destroy good bacteria.
4. You can harm beneficial microbes by consuming contaminated, unwashed and unclean meat, vegetables, and fruits. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Blastocystis is transmittable via consuming contaminated food or water or having exposure to infected animals. Blastocystis could destroy good bacteria.
5. By consuming processed foods, you may kill off your good bacteria. Refined carbs and sugar feed bad bacteria, allowing them to proliferate and leading to physical cravings for more sugar. When you drink carbonated soft drinks and eat starchy or sugary foods (candies and sweets), you’re also feeding the oral germs that can cause gum diseases and tooth decay. Genetically modified and inflammatory foods might also disrupt gut flora.
6. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) advised us to avoid meat that is not slaughtered in “The Name of Our Creator” (Bismillah). “Verily, Satan permits himself to eat the food over which the name of Allah is not mentioned.” (Sahih Muslim)
7. Pork is forbidden for believers. Researchers have found that chicken-eaters and pork-eaters have different gut microbiota.
8. Eating or drinking too hot and too cold items creates an environment for thriving harmful bacteria inside the body. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) taught us not to drink or eat too hot and not too cold things. Drinking water (healthy) at room and body temperature water is necessary for the digestive process.
9. Consuming alcohol which is prohibited in the Quran may harm good bacteria. Alcohol consumption and subsequent abstinence might change the gut microbiome in adults.

Generally, daylight (sunlight) promotes the growth of good microbes. Humans are designed to be physically active in the workplace during the day and sleep at night. The gut follows a daily circadian-like rhythm like humans. Disrupting our body clock through a lack of sleep and eating late at night may have harmful effects on your good gut bacteria.

1. Practicing gratitude to Allah is essential for your gut and heart health. Also, positive emotions may send strong signals to our beneficial gut microbes.
2. Lower your stress levels. Too much stress reduces blood flow and can cause gut inflammation and affect gut bacteria and how they behave. Avoid watching and hearing time-wasting TV shows or programs, which might increase your stress. Also, depression can change the bacteria population and diversity in the gut microbiome. Reciting the Quran after waking up and before sleep can motivate people, reduce anxiety and stress, and increase patience and reliance upon Allah.
3. Control your tongue and private parts. The mouth and private parts are the routes through which harmful microbes enter the body. These evil microbes might attack our inner good microbes. Eat less and speak less for you and your beneficial microbes’ longevity. The Quran mentions: “…do not spy nor let some of you backbite others. Does one of you like to eat the flesh of his dead brother? But you abhor it and be careful of (your duty to) Allah; surely Allah is Oft-returning (to mercy), Merciful [49:12].” Avoid immoral sexual intercourse and clean private parts properly after urinating and sexual intercourse to guard yourself against evil bacteria and viruses.
4. Cover the mouth while you yawn. Germs may enter the mouth while people yawn. Abu Huraira reported: The Prophet, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “Verily, Allah likes sneezing and dislikes yawning. Our body tries to get rid of germs by sneezing.
5. Stop lying on your stomach. This sleeping position may cause gut pains and harm your good bacteria.
6. Lack of regular physical activity (salat) might harm your beneficial gut bacteria. Recent studies suggest that physical activity may also alter gut bacteria, improving gut health. Islamic prayer ‘salat’ improves not only mental and spiritual health but also muscle strength, joint mobility, and gut and heart health.
7. Wear clean clothes to get rid of foul-smelling bacteria. Angels do not like the bad odors of the body and clothes.
8. Cigarettes or any smoke inhalation may harm your good bacteria.
9. Beneficial bacteria in the gut keep the immune system stronger by the commands of Allah to fight infection from invaders. Avoid social gatherings or festivals that may pose a threat to the spread of infectious diseases.
10. Some human innovations could wipe out beneficial microorganisms along with harmful microbes. We often see labels on new technological products or alcohol-based products (e.g., mouthwash) claiming to kill 99.9% of deadly germs. However, it’s essential to note that they might also eliminate beneficial bacteria because they don’t distinguish between good and bad bacteria.
11. Cancer therapies (radiation) may disrupt the microbiome and change the diversity of that microbiome.
12. Do not use gold and silver vessels. These could be powerful weapons against some non-pathogenic microorganisms and bad microbes. In order to balance gut health, we should carefully select cookware materials.
13. Global warming might affect the friendly bacteria in our gut.

Our Creator is self-sufficient; He does not need any help from His creations. This is Allah, Who assigns one of His creations to benefit other creations, to see who the better worshippers among His creations are. What a good worshipper a good microorganism is! Good microorganisms live every single day by obeying the commands of their Creator and die due to the irresponsibility of mankind; yet, they continuously assist mankind in order to please their Creator! All creations, from the ocean to the fire, submit themselves to the commands of Allah, except for humans and Jinn.

Angels are believers. Brothers (angels and believer children of Adam) serve together in the united forces of Allah against the invisible evil enemy forces (armies of Iblis). The Quran mentions: “As to those who turn (for friendship) to Allah, His Messenger, and the (fellowship of) believers — it is the fellowship of Allah that must certainly triumph.” [5:56]

You can unintentionally harm your inner beneficial bacteria when neglecting your duty to practice good hygiene and maintain a healthy lifestyle. Allowing harmful bacteria and viruses, akin to Satan, to enter your body due to negligence results in an attack on your own inner good companions. When beneficial microbes suffer, we suffer. Do you believe that harming beneficial microbes is a significant ‘sin’ due to our negligence and irresponsibility? Al-Nu’man ibn Bashir reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, ‘The parable of the believers in their affection, mercy, and compassion for each other is that of a body. When any limb aches, the whole body reacts with sleeplessness and fever.’ (Sahih Muslim)

Shouldn’t people be held liable when they negligently expose themselves to harmful microbes or transmit bacteria or viruses by engaging in certain acts, endangering the health of others? Abu Musa narrated: Some people asked Allah’s Apostle, ‘Whose Islam is the best? i.e. (Who is a good Muslim)?’ He replied, ‘One who avoids harming the Muslims with his tongue and hands.’ To me, whoever fights to protect themselves, microbes, and others from evil is a ‘friend of Allah!’ ‘If anyone kills a person (unjustly), it would be as if he killed the whole creation (good microbes inside the body of the murder victim): and if anyone saves a life, it would be as if he saved the life of the whole creation’ (Quran 5:32–33).

In order to erase our unintentional sin, we can do certain activities that might promote the growth of good bacteria. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “When a Muslim or believer washes his face in ablution, every sin committed with his eyes will be washed away with the last drop of water. When he washes his hands, every sin committed with his hands will be washed away with the last drop of water. When he washes his feet, every sin committed with his feet will be washed away with the last drop of water until he emerges purified from sin.”

Abu Huraira reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, ‘The five prayers, Friday to Friday, and Ramadan to Ramadan will expiate the sins committed between them, as long as major sins are avoided.’ (Ṣaḥiḥ Muslim) Future researchers may explore whether bad bacteria grow faster on Fridays in the land of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) or if the collective prayer of believers promotes the growth of good microbes. The Prophet (PBUH) also said, ‘When the servant stands to pray, all his sins are taken and placed on his head and shoulders (microbiome). Every time he bows or prostrates, the sins (harmful bacteria) fall away.’ This hadith indicates that physical activity during the spiritual prayer (Salat — in a state of bowing and prostration) has an impact on the reduction of harmful microbes.

The Prophet (PBUH) said, ‘Whoever fasts during Ramadan out of faith and the hope of reward, his previous sins will be forgiven.’ The month of Ramadan might prevent the growth of harmful microbes; this could be the best time to reset one’s gut by fasting and reading the Quran. ‘It (fasting on the Day of Arafah) expiates the sins of the past year as well as the coming year.’ Another hadith mentions, ‘Whoever spends the night of Laylat al-Qadr in prayer out of faith and the hope of reward, his previous sins (the carelessness of the rights of their bodies and rights of others) will be forgiven.’ Laylat al-Qadr might have an impact on the growth of the bacterial population.

The Gregorian calendar is the most commonly used today, but it doesn’t record exact moon phases. The lunar calendar might be useful for tracking the growth of harmful microbes. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) would fast every Monday, Thursday, and the Lunar Days, which are the 13th, 14th, 15th, or every Lunar Month. Prophet Dawud fasted for half a year every year, while Prophet Musa fasted for 40 days. Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) practiced fasting for three days each month, potentially beneficial for controlling the growth of bad bacteria and promoting good bacteria in the ecosystem. However, some people experience bad breath when fasting. The smell that issues from the mouth of the fasting person is more pleasant to Allah than the smell of musk (fragrance) because fasting is a struggle for ourselves in the way of Allah. When breaking your fast, avoid foods that cause bad breath, such as onions and garlic. The Prophet (PBUH) said: ‘Fasting is a shield (for infection and illness control), and charity puts out the sins, in the same way as water extinguishes the fire, and the same is the case with Salah of the middle part of the night.’ This hadith indicates that fasting reduces harmful bad gut bacteria, and charity from your household items reduces germs in the home.

No soul can achieve the taste of enlightenment without training their gut in the state of hunger. “Whosoever strives does so to his own good. Surely Allah stands in no need of anyone in the whole Universe.” (29:6) Even the companions of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) used to train their gut without food to please Allah. Narrated Abu Huraira: Once while I was in a state of fatigue (because of severe hunger), I met ‘Umar bin Al-Khattab, so I asked him to recite a verse from Allah’s Book to me. He entered his house and interpreted it to me. (Then I went out and) after walking for a short distance, I fell on my face because of fatigue and severe hunger. Suddenly I saw Allah’s Apostle standing by my head. He said, “O Abu Huraira!” I replied, “Labbaik, O Allah’s Apostle, and Sadik!” Then he held me by the hand and made me get up. Then he came to know what I was suffering from. He took me to his house and ordered a big bowl of milk for me. I drank thereof and he said, “Drink more, O Abu Hirr!” So, I drank again, whereupon he again said, “Drink more.” So, I drank more till my belly became full and looked like a bowl. Afterward, I met ‘Umar and mentioned to him what had happened to me, and said to him, “Somebody, who had more right than you, O ‘Umar, took over the case. By Allah, I asked you to recite a Verse to me while I knew it better than you.” On that Umar said to me, “By Allah, if I admitted and entertained you, it would have been dearer to me than having nice red camels. (Bukhari)

Narrated Abu Huraira: that he passed by a group of people in front of whom there was a roasted sheep. They invited him but he refused to eat and said, “Allah’s Apostle left this world without satisfying his hunger even with barley bread.” Hunger (fasting) before meals (Iftar) boosts your growth hormones, which aid in regeneration, promote better digestion, balance your gut, improve your body’s blood sugar regulation, reduce small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, increase the survival of your t cells and b cells, extend lifespan, and keep you looking and feeling younger.

Al-Miqdaam ibn Maadiy-Karib said: I heard the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) saying: (When the time draws near) “Verily the vision of a believer is one of the forty-sixth parts of Prophecy.” (Sahih Muslim) Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) divided dreams and visions into two categories: Good dreams that come from Allah and bad dreams from Satan. Suppose believers fast, talk less, follow a healthy diet and lifestyle according to the Quran, which promotes good gut bacteria and keeps their gut balanced. In that case, they are most likely to experience dreams or visions from Allah. Good gut bacteria may send signals (waves) to the prefrontal lobe activity (forelock) or deliver beneficial information to the heart. The Quran mentions: “[Remember, O Muhammad] when Allah showed them to you in your dream as few; and if He had shown them to you as many, you [believers] would have lost courage and would have disputed in the matter [of whether to fight], but Allah saved [you from that]. Indeed, He is Knowing of that within the breasts” [Quran, 8:43].

Dreams and visions are a tool in which Allah (SWT) can send his servants messages or information regarding future incidents. For example, Prophet Yusuf (PBUH) saw a dream which carried a message of his future leadership. “When Yusuf said to his father, “O my father, indeed I have seen [in a dream] eleven stars and the sun and the moon; I saw them prostrating to me” (Surah Yusuf Verse, 4). This dream indicated that the angels who were charged in the sky (space) submitted to the command of their Creator and submitted themselves to Allah’s chosen authority (Prophet Yusuf) on the earth at that time.

Gut health is linked with heart health, and heart health is linked to reasoning and receiving divine guidance. “…Verily, Allah will not change the (good) condition of a people as long as they do not change their state (of goodness) themselves (by committing sins and by being ungrateful and disobedient to Allah) …” [Surah Rad, 11]. This verse indicates that we need to modify our undesirable behavior and improve our eating habits and lifestyles to receive divine guidance from Allah. It is never too late to repent to Allah, change your unhealthy eating habits and lifestyle, and promote good microbes in your diet to balance your ecosystem. “He will put your deeds into a right state for you, and forgive you your faults; and whoever obeys Allah and His Apostle, he indeed achieves a mighty success.” (33:71)

Cleanliness and eating clean food make you ready to receive guidance because imbalances in your gut allow harmful bacteria to lead to negative thoughts and reasoning problems. In the Quran, it is mentioned that a group of youths who were rightly guided, when they woke up after many years, were looking for clean or pure food. “They said, “Your Lord knows best how long you have been here.” So, send one of you with this silver (coin) of yours to the city and let him look around which of the eatables are the purest (clean) and let him bring you some food from there. And he must act in a polite manner, and must not let anyone know about you.” [Surah Kahf, 19] “When Allah desires to guide someone, He expands his or her chest (hearts) for receiving guidance.” [6:125]. “And (as for) those who believe in Allah and His apostles, these it is that are the truthful and the faithful ones in the sight of their Lord: they shall have their reward and their light, and (as for) those who disbelieve and reject Our communications (guidance), these are the inmates of hell.” [57:19]

Like Nafl itikaf (non-obligatory practice), I am proposing “3-day gut reset” strategies to practice continuously in a clean room and to cleanse and purify our hearts:

1. Keep a strong belief in Allah and His revelation (Quran).
2. Fast to prevent the entry of harmful bacteria inside us: Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: Shall I tell you about what will rid the heart of impurities (caused by harmful bacteria)? Fasting three days of every month. (Sunan al-Nasai) Break your fast with a handful of fresh dates and clean water.
3. Perform Wudu and maintain personal hygiene frequently to prevent harmful bacterial infections. Ibn Abbas reported: It was said to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, ‘O Messenger of Allah, Gabriel, upon him be peace, has been slow to come to you.’ The Prophet said, ‘And why should he not be slow to come to me while you are around me without brushing your teeth, clipping your nails, shortening your mustaches, or cleaning your knuckles?’ (Musnad Aḥmad). As we know, teeth, nails, mustaches, knuckles are the places vulnerable to bacterial infection, which may develop a barrier to come closer to unclean humans for angels.
4. Communicate with your Creator silently while praying: “This is a reminder of your Lord’s mercy to His servant Zachariah, when he cried out to his Lord privately, saying, “My Lord! Surely my bones have become brittle, and grey hair has spread across my head, but I have never been disappointed in my prayer to You, my Lord!” (19:2–3)
5. Remember your Creator and avoid thinking about worldly matters: “…Glorify your Lord with praise before the rising of the sun and before its setting. And glorify Him during part of the night and at both ends of the day…” (20:130)
6. Use your eyesight and hearing only for reading and listening to the Quran.
7. Guard your mouth (remain silent) and avoid sexual activities to prevent harmful bacteria from entering: “Your Sign is not to speak to people for three nights despite the fact that you are perfectly able to.” (19:10)
8. Whoever prays to the “true” Creator for help, Allah answers their prayers. But whoever seeks help from false deities (e.g., jinn, idols), angels are not obliged to help them. Allah reminds mankind: “So Remember Me, and I will remember you, and be thankful to Me, and be not ungrateful to Me.” (2:152) Allah will appoint 70000 angels who will pray for your forgiveness if you remember and read: “He is Allah — there is no god worthy of worship except Him: Knower of the seen and unseen. He is the Most Compassionate, Most Merciful. He is Allah — there is no god except Him: The King, the Most Holy, the All-Perfect, the Source of Serenity, the Watcher of all, the Almighty, the Supreme in Might, the Majestic. Glorified is Allah far above what they associate with Him in worship! He is Allah: The Creator, the Inventor, the Fashioner. He alone has the Most Beautiful Names. Whatever is in the heavens and the earth constantly glorifies Him. And He is the Almighty, All-Wise.” (The last 3 verses of Surah Hashr) Angels are not our enemies. Some angels enter our homes and other places as a mercy and blessing of Allah.

At night, a group of angels stays with you, and during the day, another group accompanies you. They convene during the afternoon and dawn prayers. Subsequently, those who stayed with you ascend to the heavens. Allah, though already aware, questions them: ‘How did you leave My servants?’ The angels respond: ‘We left them while they were praying, and we came to them while they were praying’ (Sahih al Bukhari). Abdullah ibn Umar reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, ‘A servant of Allah once said: O Lord, all praise is due to you as befits the majesty of your countenance and the greatness of your authority.’ The angels were uncertain about how to record it. They ascended to heaven and said: O Lord, your servant has uttered words that we are unsure how to record. Allah, knowing what His servant said, responded: What did my servant say? The angels replied: O Lord, all praise is due to you as befits the majesty of your countenance and the greatness of your authority. Allah instructed them: Write it down as my servant has said until he meets me, and I will reward him’ (Sunan Ibn Mājah). ‘If a man is in a deserted land and the time of prayer arrives, let him perform ablution. If he does not find water, let him perform dry ablution. If he performs the prayer, two angels pray with him. If he announces the call to prayer and performs the prayer, behind him will be angels among the armies of Allah whose great numbers cannot be seen’ (Muṣannaf Abd al-Razzaq).

Some angels ask for forgiveness for the misdeeds of those who seek forgiveness. “The heavens nearly burst, one above the other, in awe of Him. And the angels glorify the praises of their Lord, and seek forgiveness for those on earth.” [Quran 42:5] “Those angels who carry the Throne and those around it glorify the praises of their Lord, have faith in Him, and seek forgiveness for the believers, praying: ‘Our Lord! You encompass everything in Your mercy and knowledge. So, forgive those who repent and follow Your Way, and protect them from the torment of the Hellfire.’” [40:7]

Some angels pray for those who step towards the path of righteousness. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: ‘Whoever travels a path in search of knowledge, Allah will make it easy for him to find a path to Paradise. When people gather in the house of Allah, reciting the book of Allah and studying it together, tranquility descends upon them, mercy covers them, angels surround them, and Allah mentions them to those near Him’ (Sahih Muslim). No one leaves their house in search of knowledge without angels lowering their wings to approve of what they are doing (Sunan Ibn Maah). Another hadith mentions that both angels and stubborn Jinn follow individuals from their homes and monitor their actions: ‘No one goes out from his house except with two banners in hand: one in the hand of an angel and one in the hand of Satan. If he goes out for a reason that Allah loves, the angel will follow him with his banner until he returns home. If he goes out for a reason displeasing to Allah, Satan will follow him with his banner until he returns home’ (Musnad Aḥmad). Angels carefully watch the activities of their human companions and sometimes involve themselves in debates among their own species about the final destination of human companions (heaven or hell).

There is evidence to prove that Allah, The Almighty, may send angels in the form of human beings to mankind to test them. In this context, Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, narrated that the Prophet (PBUH), said: ‘Allah willed to test three Israelites who were a leper, a blind man, and a bald-headed man. So, he sent them an angel, etc.’ [Al-Bukhari and Muslim] In another Hadeeth, Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, narrated that the Prophet, may Allah exalt his mention, said: ‘A man was going to visit a brother in another village. Allah has sent him an angel on his way. The angel asked the man: ‘Where are you going?’

Jibril (Peace be upon him) is a uniquely personal medium communicator (archangel) between Allah and humans. He is a messenger angel in charge of conveying Allah’s messages, teachings, inspiration, and guidance to the Prophets and the chosen people. He instilled inspiration and brought the revelation of Allah to the Prophets (Peace and blessings of Allah be upon them) and the chosen messengers. One of the companions of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was Hassan ibn Thabit, who was a poet. Aisha (RA) said: ‘I heard Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) saying to Hassan: Verily Ruh-ul- Qudus (Jibril) the Holy spirit would continue to assist you (to deliver poems) so long as you put up a defense on behalf of Allah and His Messenger. O, Allah! Help Hassan by Ruhul Qudus (the angel Jibril)’ [Sahih Bukhari]. This hadith indicates that Jibril can inspire him by the commands of Allah. Jibril is known as ‘Ruh-ul- Qudus’ (the Holy Spirit), who can boost performance and maintain a stronger faith in Allah by Allah’s commands.

The very first interaction with the Prophet (PBUH) occurred when Jibreel came down and cleansed Muhammad’s heart when he was a child. Anas ibn Maalik (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that Jibreel came to the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) when he was playing with other boys. Jibreel took hold of him, threw him to the ground, opened his chest, and took out his heart, removing a clot of blood, saying: ‘This was the Shaitan’s share of you.’ He washed it in a vessel of gold filled with Zamzam, put it back together, and returned it to its place. The boys, seeing the change in his color, ran to his mother, and Anas observed the mark of that stitching on his chest (Narrated by Muslim 162). This hadith indicates that it is Allah Who chose him as a prophet in his early age and kept him on the right path. Without Allah’s help, nobody can be rightly guided. To me, here, ‘opened chest’ indicates the procedure of surgery or surgical thrombectomy, which can lead to discoloration of the skin. Bacteria, fungi, or other germs from another part of your body, such as your mouth, spread through your bloodstream and attach to damaged areas in your heart. If it’s not treated quickly, it can damage your heart valves and cause serious complications throughout the body. Allah opened the chest of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) to fill it (his heart) with wisdom, knowledge, and faith. This incident also indicates heart surgery might change a person’s personality and intellect. Future scientists might discover a way to install and extract data from the heart, and Allah knows the best!

At Mount Hira, when the process of revelation began, Jibreel (PBUH) came to the Prophet in human form, asking him to read. Aisha, the mother of the believers, reported that the beginning of the revelation was in the form of good dreams, and the love of seclusion was bestowed upon him. The Prophet continuously worshiped Allah in the cave of Hira, and the truth descended upon him there. The angel asked him to read, and though the Prophet (PBUH) initially expressed his inability, Jibreel pressed him three times, revealing the first verses (96:1–3) and instructing him to read in the name of the Lord. The Prophet (PBUH) returned with the Inspiration, his heart beating severely. He confided in Khadija RA, fearing something might happen to him, but she reassured him. Khadija RA accompanied him to her cousin Waraqa bin Nawfal, who recognized the divine nature of the revelations. Waraqa expressed support, but after his death, the revelation paused briefly. Concerning the pause, the Prophet (PBUH) said, ‘While I was walking, I heard a voice from the sky. I looked up and saw the same angel who had visited me at the cave of Hira. I became afraid, came back home, and said, “Wrap me!” Then Allah revealed the verse: ‘O you wrapped up, arise and warn, and exalt your Lord, and purify your garments, and abandon the idols’ (74:1–5); after this, the revelation started coming strongly and frequently” (Sahih Bukhari 4, Sahih Muslim 160).

Later on, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) experienced this again on the night of Isra. Abu Dharr narrated that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: “The roof of my house was opened when I was in Makkah, and Jibreel (PBUH) came down, split open my chest, washed it with Zamzam water, brought a golden basin filled with wisdom and faith, and emptied it into my chest. Then he sealed it…” (Narrated by al-Bukhari 349 and Muslim 163).

Jibreel (PBUH) helped Prophet Musa (PBUH) fight with ancient Egypt’s magicians. From Hadith, we understand that he can change his form, come down from the sky, enter clean places, and then deliver the guidance (knowledge, messages, or inspiration) in human hearts. The Quran mentions: ‘It was not the devils who brought down this Quran’ (26:210) ‘And indeed, it [i.e., the Quran] is the revelation of the Lord of the worlds. The Trustworthy Spirit [i.e., Jibreel] has brought it down into your heart O Prophet — so that you may be one of the warners.’ (26:192–194) Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, narrated that the Prophet (PBUH), said, ‘When Allah drowned (tyrant) Pharaoh, he said, ‘I believe that there is no god except the One that the children of Israel believe in.’ So Jibreel said, ‘O Muhammad! If you could only have seen me while I was taking the mud from the sea and filling his mouth (with sea mud) out of fear that the mercy would reach him. So, he could not ask for forgiveness, for if he had repented, Allah would have forgiven him.’ (At-Tirmithi) In the Quran, it is mentioned, ‘Surely, We gave Moses the Scripture and caused a train of Messengers to follow him and then sent Prophet Esa (PBUH), the son of Maryam, with clear proofs and supported him with the spirit of holiness (Jibreel). But is it not true that every time a Messenger brought to you something that was not to your liking, you acted arrogantly. You called some Messengers liars and killed others?’ (Quran 2:87)

When the Prophet’s uncle Hamza (PBUH) saw the true form of the angel Jibril, he fell unconscious on the ground. The Prophet (PBUH) mentioned that he saw Jibreel (PBUH) in his original form only twice. Jibreel (PBUH) had 600 wings, with pearls, rubies, and diamonds dripping from each wing. He filled up the entire horizon and was seen sitting on the throne provided by Allah. The colors of his wings and the soles of his feet were green (Ahmad in al-Musnad, and Ibn Katheer mentioned in al-Bidayah that its isnad (chain of narrators) is jayyid).

When the angel Jibreel (PBUH) took human form, he resembled Dihya bin Kalbi (RA) the most, known as the Yusuf of Banu Kalb among the Companions of Muhammad (PBUH) due to his exceptional handsomeness. In a narration by Umar, a man appeared before the Prophet (PBUH) whose clothes were pale white, and his hair very black. None of them recognized him, and the man questioned the Prophet about Islam, faith, Ihsan, and the signs of the Hour. After confirming the Prophet’s answers, the man revealed himself as Jibreel, who came to teach Umar about his religion. A story in the Quran mentions angel Jibreel (PBUH) transforming into a human form to inform the virgin Maryam (PBUH) about the good news of the born Prophet Esa (PBUH). Another story in the Quran mentions two messenger angels transforming into beautiful appearances during the time of Prophet Lut (PBUH) to deliver messages before the final destruction of the city of Lut (PBUH).

Can united bacterial forces transform into a human shape? Researchers estimate that the human microbiome contributes millions of unique protein-coding genes, which is 360 times more than human genes. With more bacterial cells in our body than human cells, it might be possible for united microbes to transform into human forms if Allah wills. The swarm intelligence of microbes may mimic human behavior as well.

Allah’s angel forces took part in the war against Satan. Both Mikael (peace be upon him) and Jibreel (peace be upon him) assisted Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in winning the battles of Badr and Hunayn by the command of Allah. Abu Sufyan b. Harith b. ‘Abd al-Muttalib and Sa’d b. Abi Waqqas mentioned that they saw two men in white robes on horseback at the battle of Badr and said that they were Jibreel (PBUH) and Mikail (alaihi-as-salam) in human guise. Abu Talhah reported a hadith where the Messenger of Allah mentioned the rewards of blessing him.

Angels in the microworld and angels in space (and other worlds) might differ in their shape, appearance, and size. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “I was asked to narrate about an angel carrying a throne, and the distance from the earlobe to the ear is a journey of seven hundred years (in space)” [Abu Dawood]. Surah 35 of the Quran describes the forces of Allah as “messengers with wings — two, three, or four (pairs).” The definition of “wing” does not always mean bird’s featherlike wings. It may refer to different features that support angels in the air and assist travel and movement. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “Whoever takes a path in search of knowledge, Allah will cause him to walk on one of the paths to Paradise. Indeed, the angels will lower their wings in great pleasure with the one who seeks knowledge” (Sunan Abi Dawud). The Quran indicates that when Jibril (PBUH) appeared as a man to Mariyam (PBUH) and two angel visitors came to Prophet Lut (PBUH) in human forms, at that moment, they did not have visible wings. Therefore, the wings of angels are not always visible to humans.

The Quran indicates swarm intelligence among the flock of flying creatures (Ababil), which destroyed a powerful military group of Abraha on the ground who attacked the sacred house, Kaaba. Many bacteria grow and spread through swarming patterns. In the military, thinking together in swarms makes groups smarter and more intelligent. The Holy Quran emphasizes the importance of the application of the collective behavior and intelligence of human-swarm teaming in united forces. Islam teaches the power of unity for the survival of believers on this planet. The united diverse angel species and Muslims are “the believers are but a single brotherhood (community)” [Al-Hujurat 49:10]. Muslims mimic good microbes in their activities. For example, Muslims pray in the congregation, which represents collective behavior. Islam compares the collective power of believers to a strong wall or defense barrier. A hadith narrated by Abu Musa mentions, “A faithful believer to a faithful believer is like the bricks of a wall, enforcing each other” (Sahih al-Bukhari). The same approach is applied by microbes in charge of our body as they build barriers against the evil forces (harmful viruses) to protect us and themselves. A bacterium is surrounded by a cell wall that is like shields like our skins. If a virus (the invaders) enters into the wall, they change the shape of their cell walls to protect themselves and their human companions.

The Messenger of Allah, Muhammad (PBUH), said, ‘The parable of the believers in their affection, mercy, and compassion for each other is that of a body. When any limb aches, the whole body reacts with sleeplessness and fever’ (Ṣaḥiḥ Bukhari; Ṣaḥiḥ Muslim). The Quran mentions, ‘The believers are but brothers, so make settlement between your brothers’ (Al-Hujurat, Verse 10). Do angels struggle with building readiness and collective task proficiency to execute mission-critical tasks? A hadith indicates that angels might produce vibrations by shaking or rubbing together body parts. ‘Adi ibn Artah reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, ‘Verily, Allah Almighty has angels whose limbs shudder from fear of him. No angel among them sheds a tear from his eye but that it falls upon another angel glorifying Allah.’

Muslims perform Tawaf (the circumambulation) around the Holy Kaaba on earth, and the Angels perform Tawaf around Baitul Mamur in heaven. Is it possible that bacteria inside our bodies can move and perform circumambulation? Some ‘bacteria eaters’ viruses infect bacteria, so bacteria build good bacterial lines of defense against bad microbes. The prayer of Muslims (congregational prayer/Salat al-jamaah) resembles that of angels when they gather. Hudhayfah reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, ‘We have been favored in three ways: Our prayer rows have been made like the rows of angels, the entire earth has been made a place of prayer for us, and its soil is purifying for ablution if one cannot find water’ (Ṣaḥiḥ Muslim). This hadith also indicates that microorganisms found in natural clay (clean soil) have produced antibiotics that can kill pathogens.

Allah teaches the power of unity: ‘Hold fast together to the rope (ladder) of Allah and be not divided’ [Quran 3:103]. Do microbes hold rope-like structures inside our bodies? Doesn’t DNA look like a twisted rope ladder? For believers, following the guidelines of Allah and His messengers is a way to guard ourselves and our angels against the evil forces of Iblis. The word used for throwing meteors at the Jinn is ‘rajm.’ Rajm also means ‘stoning,’ ‘missile,’ ‘projectile,’ and ‘meteor.’ Space angels attack space Jinn with meteors to save humanity. Future research needs to study whether good bacteria throw stones inside the body at unwanted bad bacteria, similar to how believers throw stones at Satan near the Sacred house Kaaba during Hajj. I believe there are similarities between the universe, the functions of human body organs, and the practices of Muslims. The human heart is a four-chambered muscular organ. There are four chambers: the left atrium and right atrium (upper chambers), and the left ventricle and right ventricle (lower chambers). Is there any rectangular black chamber in the human heart or body? Can human hearts change their shape? The real shape of the Sacred house Kaaba was an unroofed rectangle. However, Muslims do not worship any shapes, hearts, or the Kaaba. They worship the Lord of the hearts and the Kaaba.

‘Allah is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing’ (Quran 17:1). With our worldly ears and eyes, we are unable to detect invisible angels and harmful jinn. Some animals perceive ultraviolet light and see a totally different world. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) mentioned that some animals can detect angels, such as roosters. Microorganisms are smaller than the wavelength of light our eyes use. Roosters have a unique set of ocular structures that allow them to see vibrant color, minuscule movements, and detect and see light and color shades better than humans. Angels will be visible only to us while they will appear in human forms. The Quran mentions, ‘Indeed, if We had sent an angel as a messenger, We would still have sent him in the form of a man, thus increasing their confusion’ (6:9). The reason our microscopic soul inside our body cannot see angels might be because of the earth’s gravity. Some astronauts claimed that they saw angelic figures of winged beings in space because of oxygen deprivation and pressure fluctuations. I think when people experience oxygen deprivation and pressure fluctuations during their death, and their souls are disconnected from the worldly body, they might see angels which others cannot see.

Angels assist fertility (maintain your reproductive health), whereas bad bacteria cause fertility problems. The Quran mentions that Prophet Zechariah (PBUH) wanted a child and our Creator accepted his prayer. Prophet Zechariah (PBUH) said, ‘My Lord, how will I have a boy when my wife has been barren and I have reached an extreme old age?’ [An angel] said, ‘Thus [it will be]; your Lord says, “It is easy for Me, for I created you before, while you were nothing.”’ [Prophet Zechariah PBUH] said, ‘My Lord, make for me a sign.’ He said, ‘Your sign is that you will not speak to the people for three nights, [being] sound.’ So, he came out to his people from the prayer chamber and signaled to them to exalt [Allah] in the morning and afternoon. [Allah said], ‘… take the Scripture [i.e., adhere to it] with determination.’ And We gave him judgment [while yet] a boy…” (19:8–12) Prophet Zechariah (PBUH) was advised not to speak to the people for three nights. Here this verse indicates voice pitch affects fertility in aging men with poor sperm count and semen quality as a loud voice affects the composition of gut bacteria. The Quran mentions: ‘And be moderate in your pace and lower your voice; indeed, the most disagreeable of sounds is the voice of donkeys’ (31:19). Mules are almost always infertile because their loud voices might imbalance their ecosystem.

The force of angels is ‘the help of Allah’ for the chosen prophets, leaders, and believers. The staff of Prophet Musa (PBUH) transformed into a snake and then back into a staff. Prophet Saleh (PBUH) transformed a rock into a camel with the help of Allah. The Quran mentions a story where Prophet Musa (PBUH) throws a specific slaughtered cow meat (cell), and a dead person becomes alive. Also, Prophet Esa (PBUH) raised the dead with the help of Allah. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) informed us of the many miracles that Prophet Esa (PBUH) performed, including creating bird-like statues from clay and blowing in them, making them real birds. Prophet Musa (PBUH) parted the sea, and Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) split the moon. This advanced knowledge of the Prophets was granted by Allah. Were all these miracles microbe-powered technologies? Can non-living objects transform into living creatures or energy with the assistance of microbes by the will of Allah?

The earth is designed as a testing ground for the children of Adam. Allah has bestowed upon them essential resources, including iron and water, to ensure survival for humans and other creatures for a specific period. The Quran emphasizes this, stating, “And We (assigned angels) sent down iron, wherein is great military might and benefits for the people, and so that Allah may make evident those who support Him and His unseen messengers. Indeed, Allah is Powerful and Exalted in Might” [57:25]. Modern astronomical findings have revealed that the iron present on Earth originates from outer space. The question arises: How did Allah deliver these resources from heaven to Earth? Do you think good microorganisms with smart swarm intelligence carried out these tasks and assisted in orchestrating this test environment for us over a specified duration by the command of Allah? Future studies could explore whether iron possesses significant antibacterial properties. A related question emerges: Do clouds also come from outer space? The Quran addresses this, stating, “Allah sends down rain from the sky by which He brings to life the earth after its lifelessness. Indeed, in that are signs for people who use reason” (30:24). Angels, entrusted with the movement of clouds, play a role in sending rain from the sky (heaven) in accordance with Allah’s commands. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) shared with us a profound insight: A cloud serves as a vehicle for angels, and thunder is the voice of certain types of angels. Thunder serves as a warning regarding the transgressions of both mankind and jinn.

Like other ecosystems, air is also full of good and stubborn microbes. Microbial communities are important components of the ecosystem’s response to environmental change. When an overgrowth of harmful microbes occurs and the ecosystem becomes imbalanced, sudden changes in nature take place, leading to potential natural disasters. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “Do not curse the wind, for it is from the mercy of Allah, bringing blessings or destruction. But ask Allah for its goodness and seek refuge with Allah from its evil.” The Quran mentions: “It is your Lord who drives the ship for you through the sea that you may seek His bounty. Indeed, He is ever, to you, Merciful. And when adversity (which is caused by harmful microbes) touches you at sea, lost are [all] those you invoke except for Him. But when Allah (saves you and) delivers you to the land, you turn away [from Allah]. And ever is man ungrateful (to their Lord)” [17:66–67].

Angels may play an important role in pollination through wind. Allah says, “We (angels) send the winds fertilizing and send down water from the sky for you to drink, and you have no (control over its) storage” [15:22]. Wind and insects assist in transferring pollen from the male part of a plant to the female part. Similarly, microbes play a role in human fertilization in different phases of reproduction, from gamete formation to fertilization and pregnancy establishment. The Quran mentions the other tasks of assigned angels: “Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of the night and the day, and the [great] ships which sail through the sea with that which benefits people, and what Allah has sent down from the heavens of rain, giving life thereby to the earth after its lifelessness and dispersing therein every [kind of] moving creature, and [His] directing of the winds and the clouds controlled between the heaven and the earth are signs for a people who use reason” (2:164).

Do you think bacterial communities can seal the ears of time travelers in certain cave? In Surah Kahf, where a group of believers hid in a cave, and their ears were sealed, transporting them to the future. Microbes may assist in developing air pressure in the ears during travel.

Microbes are essential to form different tastes in the food we enjoy. Good microbes assist in producing clean milk, while harmful bacteria swim in the feces and blood of cattle. The Quran mentions: “Surely there is a lesson for you in the cattle: We (assigned angels of Allah) provide you to drink out of that which is in their bellies between the feces and the blood — pure milk- which is a palatable drink for those who take it. And out of the fruits of date palms and grapes, you derive intoxicants as well as wholesome sustenance. Surely there is a sign for those who use reason” (16:66–67). Certain spoilage bacteria cause foods to deteriorate, developing unpleasant odors, bad tastes in spoiled milk, and putrid flavors and textures. Good microbes assist in keeping fruits fresh and nutritious, while bad bacteria make fruit juice intoxicants.

Like the human body, bacteria live in tree branches and living animals. The microbes on and in plants can also have significant effects on their health and vigor, including effects on seed germination, plant nutrition, growth, and even on the plant’s immune system. The Quran mentions the story of Prophet Yunus (PBUH), who was thrown onto an island from the belly of a large fish (possibly a Whale Shark in the Red Sea): “But We threw him onto the open shore while he was ill. And We caused to grow over him a gourd vine (Vegetation)” [37:145–146]. Microbes may turn the desert green by the commands of Allah.

Every creation of Allah contains a pair of good microbes and stubborn microbes. The children of Adam have the authorized charge to maintain the fair balance in the ecosystems of Allah’s creations. The Quran mentions: “Give full measure and cause no loss to others, weigh with a fair balance” (26:181–182). Angels are assigned to assist mankind with beneficial tasks and distribute rain, wind, and sunlight fairly; whereas stubborn Jinn cause diseases and disasters. Generally, Allah did not give them (stubborn Jinn) the authority to cause diseases, sufferings, and disasters unless Allah’s chosen authority (the children of Adam) follow the wrong path (become disobedient to the commands of Allah and His messengers), imbalance the ecosystem, and allow outnumbered them to cause the problems. Diseases and disasters are warning signs for irresponsible mankind about the imbalanced ecosystem of bodies and the environment.

“And Allah has subjected for you the night and day and the sun and moon, and the stars are subjected by His command. Indeed, in that are signs for a people who reason” (Quran 16:12). Exposure to sunlight boosts good gut microbiome bacteria, whereas sunlight (exposure to natural solar UVR) results in a decrease in the growth of stubborn bacteria. Researchers in Canada have shown how exposure to sunlight/UVB light can change the human gut microbiome, particularly in people who are vitamin D-deficient, and the effect of UVB against inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, unprotected exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays can cause damage to the skin and eyes. Headcovers and unexposed protective clothes are the shields of the bodies for believing men and women from the harmful effects of sun exposure and harmful microbes. The Quran mentions: “So be patient over what they say and exalt [Allah] with praise of your Lord before the rising of the sun and before its setting; and during periods of the night [exalt Him] and at the ends of the day, that you may be satisfied” (20:130). Abu Darda reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “The sun never rises but that two angels are sent at its sides, calling out. They are heard by all the inhabitants of the earth except humans and jinn: O people, come quickly to your Lord! What is little and sufficient is better than what is abundant and negligent! The sun never sets but two angels are sent at its sides, calling out. They are heard by all the inhabitants of the earth except humans and jinn: O Allah, repay one who spends in charity! O Allah, give destruction (illnesses) to one who withholds charity!” (Musnad Aḥmad). This hadith emphasizes the importance of the act of giving belongings to the needy before sunset. After sunset, disease-causing microbes (e.g., germs) might spread on surfaces of the unnecessary stuff in your home. Donate what you don’t need regularly to fight germs in your home.

All angel colonies on Earth might be interconnected into a universal super system. The Quran mentions: “Do you not see how Allah compares a good word to a good tree? Its root is firm, and its branches reach the sky” (14:24). This represents human souls and microbes that may connect space to the terrestrial world, and, with its roots, the underworld. Humans and trees share similar physical and spiritual characteristics. Hadith mentions angels take the spoken word and prayer to heaven (sky or higher station). Ibn Umar reported: We were praying with the Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, and a man among the people said, “Allah is the greatest of the great. All abundant praise is due to Allah and glory be to him, morning and evening.” The Prophet said after the prayer, “Who said these words?” A man said, “It was me, O Messenger of Allah.” The Prophet said, “I was amazed at how the gates of heaven were opened for it.” In another narration, the Prophet said, “Twelve angels rushed to take it up” (Ṣaḥiḥ Muslim). Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: Verily, when a servant curses something, the curse rises to heaven, and the gates of heaven close upon it. It turns right and left, and if it does not find a place to go, it will return to that which was cursed, only if it deserved to be cursed; otherwise, the curse will return upon the one who made it” (Sunan Abi Dawud). Can angels who reside in our ecosystem in the bodies interact with those who are in charge of space (sky), and they might have lots of communication between the same species (angels)? The Quran mentions, “We (assigned angels) have indeed set constellations in the heavens and have beautified them for the beholders and guarded them against every stoned Satan (the agents of Iblis). Except for he who steals the listening and is then pursued by a visible flame.” (15:17–18).

“When some angels descend behind the clouds and discuss the judgments of the sky, Satan tries to steal the information from the sky and listen to some of it. Then the devils pass this information to the fortune teller, and they inform themselves a hundred more lies” (Sahih Bukhari). This hadith indicates that some space angels are assigned to guard the sky (space) from evil space Jinn forces. As we know, Angel Jibreel (PBUH) gave the black stone to Ibrahim (PBUH), and Ibrahim (PBUH) and his son placed this black stone at the time of the building of the Kaaba. Some scientists pointed out that the Black Stone (al-Ḥajaru al-Aswad) was a meteorite set into the corner of the Kaaba, which was thrown at Satan by angels to save humanity. They believed that this black stone, which fell from the sky, has metaphysical capabilities, such as Muslims believe it erases sins of impurity. This stone might have properties to destroy bad bacteria.

The Quran mentions, “We (angels) will show them Our signs in the horizons and within themselves until it becomes clear to them that it is the truth. Is it not enough that your Lord is a Witness over all things? Lo, they are in doubt about the meeting with their Lord. Surely, He encompasses all things.” [41:53–54] “We (assigned angels) will show them Our signs (of existence) in the horizons and within themselves” — this verse indicates angels and other assigned creations of Allah (e.g., the sun, the moon) are dutiful, reminding us that we, humans, are also created to be dutiful to our Creator. But we waste our time thinking that we are here for no purpose. The human brain and body, which resemble the design of the Universe. Both Allah’s assigned angels are in charge of the human body and the universe by the plan of Allah. The activities of microbes performed within your body are similar to the activities of microbes in space. Is it possible that microbes in celestial bodies in the sky are swimming like the microbes in our body are swimming?

The human brain bears a surprising resemblance to the universe, as the complex web of neurons inside our brains (neural networks in the brain) looks similar to the cosmic network of galaxies. If a brain cell resembles the universe, DNA looks like a double helix nebula, and the eye looks like a helix nebula, it proves that the laws and designs of One creator are the same everywhere. The Quran says, “[And] Who created seven heavens in layers. You do not see in the creation of the Most Merciful any inconsistency. So, return [your] vision [to the sky]; do you see any breaks? Then return [your] vision twice again. [Your] vision will return to you humbled while it is fatigued.” (Surah Mulk: 3–4) “Verily in the heavens and the earth are signs for those who believe. And in the creation of yourselves, and the fact that animals are scattered (through the earth), are signs for those of assured faith. And in the alternation of night and day, and the fact that Allah sends down sustenance from the sky, and revives therewith the earth after its death, and in the change of the winds, are signs for those who are wise” [45:3–5]. Astrophysicist Franco Vazza at the University of Bologna and neurosurgeon Alberto Feletti at the University of Verona compared the network of neuronal cells in the human brain with the cosmic network of galaxies, and surprising similarities emerged. It seems that the human brain is a mini-universe, and the universe has a giant brain!

In May 2011, Seyed Hadi Anjamrooz of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, along with other Iranian medical scientists, published an article in the International Journal of the Physical Sciences on the striking similarities between cells and the universe. They explained that a black hole resembles the cell nucleus. A black hole’s event horizon, where gravitational pull sucks objects in, also resembles the nuclear membrane. The event horizon is double-layered, just like the nuclear membrane. Similar to the event horizon preventing anything from leaving, the nuclear membrane separates cell fluids, preventing mixing and regulating the exchange of matter between the inside and outside of the nucleus. Black holes and living cells also both emit pockets of electromagnetic radiation, among other similarities. Not only are the complexities of the brain and cosmic web similar, but so are their structures.

The universe has a heartbeat (pulse-like event) like Earth and us. The heartbeat of the universe and Earth glorify the Creator in ways we might not comprehend. Recently, researchers found a cosmic gas cloud with a heartbeat created when dust and gas gather in space. The Quran provides information about the expansion of the Universe: “The heavens, We have built them with power. And verily, We are expanding it.” (51:47) From ants to walnuts or trees to humans, the consciousness of all creations is interconnected. The Quranic verse (67:15) says, “Allah has made the earth submissive for you, so walk on its shoulders.” If we walk on the shoulder of the Earth, where’s its brain? The brain or consciousness of Earth may be interconnected with the giant brain of the universe.

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) described the size of the heavens; the first heaven, compared to the second, is similar to a small ring in the desert. He continued this narrative until he described the sixth heaven as being the size of a ring in the desert compared to the seventh heaven. Also, the Prophet (PBUH) said, “The seven heavens are concerning the Kursiyy (Footstool or minor throne) like a ring thrown into a waterless desert. And the superiority of the Arsh (Throne) over the Kursiyy is like the superiority of the desert over that ring (ring systems of planets).” Think about how big the universe is and how small we are. Consider how great the Creator of this universe is and how small we are. Allah has no comparison on Earth and in the universe. “Blessed is He in Whose Hand is the dominion of the Universe, and Who has power over everything” (Quran 67:1). How can mankind still not fear their creator? The Quran asks people who think, “Are you harder to create, or is the heaven that He built?” (79:27) “It is only those who have knowledge among His slaves that fear Allah” (35:28).

Microscopic life, often referred to as “alien” life, exists throughout the Universe. The angels known as “Mudabbirat” are in charge of the Universe by the command of Allah. Some astronauts believe that space aliens on the Sun, Venus, and other planets have hidden bases where they control Earth’s climate. Other planets and stars, including the Moon, Mars, and Venus, might have pairs of microbe inhabitants. Bacteria and other microbes may be better suited for cosmic travel and communication than us. The Quran states: “Allah has created the heavens and the earth in Truth (fairly balanced). Certainly, there is a sign in this for those who believe.” [29:44] “And to Allah belong the soldiers (angel forces) of the heavens and the earth. And ever is Allah Exalted in Might and Wise.” [Al-Fath, 7]

It is possible that space angels may interact with angels who are in charge of our bodies and Earth. According to a hadith in Sahih Muslim, whenever Almighty Allah decides to issue a command, His words are transmitted from one group of angels to another throughout the seven heavens (sky/higher station). In this process of information transmission, the Jinn attempt to eavesdrop on what is going on. They snatch what they manage to overhear and carry it to their friends (sorcerers, devil-worshippers, fortune-tellers). Recent mathematical models have shown that microbial travel may be possible not only in our solar system but throughout the galaxy. Microbes from Earth could travel into space on asteroids and seed life elsewhere in the cosmos. Microbes can read cosmic-scale information. Cyanobacteria can interpret the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum coming from the Sun in the form of visible light. They develop bacterial technology in the form of photosynthesis (which turns water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide into oxygen and nutrients). This transformation turned a dead planet into a living one over a long period. Microbes are technologically advanced communities, and they might build cosmic megastructures by the command of Allah.

The Quran indicates that intelligent angels have judgmental abilities. Abu Huraira reported: The Prophet, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “When Allah decrees a matter in heaven, the angels beat their wings in submissive obedience to His word, as if it were a chain dragging over rock. When the fright is removed from their hearts, they say: ‘What has your Lord said?’ They say: ‘It is the truth, for He is the Exalted, the Greatest.’” (34:23) The story is mentioned in the Quran when Adam was first presented to the angels. It is mentioned in the Quran: “And (remember) as your Lord said to the Angels, ‘Surely I am making in the earth a successor.’ They said, ‘Will you make therein one who will corrupt in it and shed blood while we (are the ones who) extol (with) Your praise and call You Holy?’ He said, ‘Surely I know whatever you do not know’ [2:30].” This verse indicates that angels can observe and judge others by their features and characteristics. Like humans, they may judge others too quickly. As the only “just” judge, Allah mentioned, “Surely I know whatever (about humans) you do not know (about them).” “Had We willed, We could have easily replaced you all with angels, succeeding one another on earth.” [43:60] Malak Al-Maut (Angels of death) can judge people when they take the soul out of the body at the time of death. They might judge people based on the conditions of the body (e.g., imbalanced gut, heart disease, fat, etc.) and the state of the nafs (believer or hypocrite or disbeliever). Malak al-Maut does not know the name given to you on Earth. The sinners’ souls are extracted most painfully, while the righteous are treated easily based on their state of the soul. The angels search for potential death candidates in every house every five days. These angels swim to extract the soul, separate the soul from the body (disconnect the worldly body and soul), wrap the soul, transport the spirit to space (higher station/heaven door), and later return the soul back into the dead body under the grave when they are already buried.

Al-Bara ibn Azib reported: The Prophet, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “Verily, when the believer is ready to depart from this world and is facing the Hereafter, angels from heaven descend with bright faces, as if their faces were the sun. They bring with them the shrouds and perfumes of Paradise, and they sit at a distance from the departing soul, as far as the eye can see. Then, the angel of death, peace be upon him, comes and sits by the head of the believer, saying: ‘O pure soul, come out to the forgiveness of Allah and His pleasure!’ The angel takes the soul out as a drop from a water-skin and holds it, never releasing it for the blink of an eye, until he places it in the shroud and perfume. The scent emanating from it is more pleasant than any musk found on the face of the earth.

The angel ascends, passing by gatherings of angels who exclaim: ‘What a pure spirit!’ They identify the person, calling him by the best names he was known by in the world. This continues until the angel stops at the lowest heaven and seeks entry, which is then opened for him. Each heaven’s company brings him closer to the next heaven until he reaches the seventh heaven. Allah Almighty says: ‘Write the record of My servant in the righteous register and return him to the earth, for from it I created them, to it I return them, and from it, I will take them out once again.’ The spirit is then returned to the body, and two angels come to sit by the person, asking: ‘Who is your Lord?’ The believer responds, ‘My Lord is Allah.’ They inquire, ‘What is your deen?’ The reply is, ‘My deen is Islam.’ They further ask, ‘Who is this man who sent you?’ The believer answers, ‘He is the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him.’ A heavenly announcement is made: ‘My servant has spoken the truth! Spread out carpets for him in Paradise, clothe him for Paradise, and open a gate for him to Paradise!’ The comforts and fragrances of Paradise come to him, and his grave becomes spacious as far as his eye can see. A handsome man, with fine clothes and a wonderful fragrance, arrives and says: ‘Glad tidings of what pleases you, for this was the Day you were promised!’ The believer asks, ‘Who are you with such a handsome face?’ The reply comes: ‘I am your righteous deeds!’ The believer says, ‘O Lord, begin the Hour that I may return to my family and property!”

The Prophet continued, “Verily, when the unbeliever is ready to depart from this world and is facing the Hereafter, angels descend from heaven with darkened faces and sackcloth. They sit away from him as far as the eye can see. Then, the angel of death approaches until he sits by the head of the unbeliever, saying: ‘O filthy soul, come out to the displeasure of Allah and His wrath!’ The soul is separated from the body like the tearing of skewers from wet wool. The angel holds it in his hand, never releasing it for the blink of an eye, until he places it in the sackcloth. The scent coming from it is like the foulest corpse found upon the face of the earth.

They ascend with the soul, not passing by a gathering of angels without them saying: ‘What a filthy spirit!’ They identify the person, calling him by the ugliest names by which he was known in the world, until they reach the lowest heaven. They request entry, but it remains closed.” Then, the Prophet recited the verse, “The gates of heaven will never open for them, nor will they enter Paradise until the camel goes through the eye of the needle” (7:40). The Prophet said, “Allah Almighty will say: ‘Write his record in the wicked register in the lowest earth. His spirit will be thrown down,’ and the Prophet recited the verse, “It is as though he had fallen from the sky and was snatched by the birds, or the wind carried him down into a remote place” (22:31).

Every dead body is likely to have its own unique microbial signature. Therefore, the condition of the dead body (imbalanced gut, obesity, heart disease, etc.) before death will tell what state they died in (e.g., state of hypocrisy, state of the disbeliever, state of Muslim) and what were their lifestyles (right or wrong path). A hadith indicates some angels come to the grave to judge the dead whether they are believers, disbelievers, or hypocrites. Angels named Munkar and Nakir, two blue and black angels ask people about their beliefs and actions. Nakir and Munkar ask three questions to the soul of the dead: Who is your Lord? What is your lifestyle (Deen)? Who is your Prophet (the role model you followed in the world)? Even if hypocrites say, they are believers, their obese body and unhealthy gut and condition of heart will show they did not follow the diet and lifestyle according to the teachings of Allah and His messengers. As Narrated by Anas: The Prophet said, “When a human being is laid in his grave, and his companions return, and he even hears their footsteps, two angels come to him and make him sit and ask him: What did you use to say about this man, Muhammad? He will say: I testify that he is Allah’s slave and His Apostle. Then it will be said to him, ‘Look at your place in the Hell-Fire. Allah has given you a place in Paradise instead of it.’ The Prophet added, “The dead person will see both his places. But a non-believer or a hypocrite will say to the angels, ‘I do not know, but I used to say what the people used to say! It will be said to him, ‘Neither did you know nor did you take the guidance (by reciting the Quran).’ Then he will be hit with an iron hammer between his two ears, and he will cry, and that cry will be heard by whatever approaches him except human beings and Jinn.” After hitting with a hammer, brain tissue of the deceased person might be damaged and he might experience his tear glands that are made of cells will cry out of pain signals which might be sent by his sensory neuron/nerve cell of the body.

When the soul is disconnected from the body after death, the souls of the children of Adam will not be authorized to control the body movements (actions) unless Allah grants the ability to them. To me, decreased souls might experience the punishment of the cells of the body via the cell-cell signaling method. The souls of dead people will be transported to different realities (World of the Dead/Barzakh) according to their actions and state (e.g., believer, disbeliever) before death until the Day of Resurrection. Some angels are in charge of the World of the Dead (Barzakh), where the souls of the dead will either be treated well or cast into punishment (known as punishment in the grave) according to their deeds.

The soul of the dead is transported to another realm (Barzakh/world of the dead), after judging the conditions of the dead body and actions of the deceased person. Normally thousands of unexpected microbes will break down human dead bodies. Soil microbes turn human bodies to dust. After death, the native microbial community of the corpses might be replaced by oxygen-loving microbes in the air and the soil. Microbes refuse to decompose the martyrs and the chosen people of Allah who led their life according to the commands of Allah (if Allah wills). To me, the bodies of martyrs don’t decompose because Allah provides them with nutrition to keep their bodies alive, similar to how planets receive nourishment. Besides, microbes may hasten the decomposition of the dead bodies of some people depending on some other factors.

The planet “Earth” is a celestial body, and Allah gives some guidelines to follow here as we are inhabitants of His earth. The Quran mentions that we walk on the shoulder of the earth. To me, the ecosystem of the earth is underground. Our ecosystem and our nature’s ecosystem are similarly designed by Allah. Like our gut, the gut of planet earth has been colonized by the pairs of microbe communities. When we disobey the commands of Allah and follow an unhealthy diet and lifestyle, the ecosystem of our body becomes imbalanced. Harmful microbes (viruses, germs, stubborn bacteria, evil agents) attack us, which causes illness and diseases. Similarly, when the people of a nation collectively disobey the commands of Allah in society and assist in an overgrowth of harmful microbes, increasing global warming and damaging the atmosphere, harmful microbes become stronger and they attack, which causes sudden changes in nature (natural disaster for the variation in the microbial community) and imbalance the ecosystem of the earth.

At the final hours, the trumpet will be blown by space angels. Abu Said al-Khudri reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “How can I be comfortable while the holder of the trumpet is holding it to his lips, his head lowered and waiting for the order to blow it?” The Muslims said, “What should we say, O Messenger of Allah?” The Prophet said, “Say: Allah is enough for us, and excellent is the caretaker. We trust in Allah, our Lord” (Sunan al-Tirmidhi). I believe inactive volcanoes are everywhere — mountain-like volcanoes, undersea volcanoes, volcanoes on the moon, and galactic volcanoes. In the end time, when every single ecosystem of creation (body, earth, sea, mountains, and sky) might be imbalanced due to the transgressions and irresponsibility of mankind, and the evil force of microbes outnumbers the good forces, becoming stronger everywhere, a loud sound from volcanic processes (possibly known as the “Trumpet”) may occur before an eruption. Loud sounds can be lethal on the spot. The possibility of a super volcanic eruption could destroy the inhabitants of the earth, sky, and sea at the final hour, bringing the day of resurrection.

Angels are not immortal creations. Some of them are granted longer life than humans. In the end, when the world will be destroyed by the commands of Allah, Jibreel, Israfeel, Mikail, and the angels of death, and the evil force of Iblis will experience death too. Hadith indicates that these four types of angels were the first creations to be created by Allah, and they will be the last of them to die and the first to be brought back to life. As the Quran mentions, every soul will experience death. Every living being has a soul. Angels and Jinn might have souls and spirits too, as Jibreel is known himself as Ruhul ul Quds (Holy spirit). Angel of the horn is waiting to initiate Resurrection. On the day of resurrection, the body of people will be brought back into life again from their graves and wherever they died (even if they were cremated) as angels assist in forming the body in the mother womb or growing a plant from a seed.

On the day of judgment, everyone will rise with their two companions (angels or devils) according to their lifestyles and actions after a trumpet will be blown by angel Israfel (PBUH). The Quran mentions: “Do they not think that they will be resurrected? For a tremendous Day — The Day when mankind will stand before the Lord of the worlds?” [83: 4–6]. “That Day will be difficult for the disbelievers — not easy” [Quran 74: 9–10]. “And never think that Allah is unaware of what the wrongdoers do. He only delays them [i.e., their account] for a Day when eyes will stare [in horror when they will see their evil companion]. They are racing ahead, their heads raised up, their glance does not come back to them, and their hearts are void” [Quran 14: 42–43]. “And warn them of the Approaching Day, when hearts are at the throats, filled [with bacteria, evil viruses which will cause distress]. For the wrongdoers, there will be no devoted friend (angels), and no intercessor [who is] obeyed” [Quran 40:18]. On the day of judgment, people will be able to see angels and evil forces with their naked eyes and run away from relatives when the disbelievers see relatives surrounded with Satan. The Quran mentions: “O mankind, fear your Lord and fear a Day when no father will avail his son, or will a son avail his father at all. Indeed, the promise of Allah is truth…” [31: 33].

On the day of judgment, angels will come to show our records of remembrance of Allah. Abu Huraira reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “Take up your shields.” They said, “O Messenger of Allah, is the enemy present?” The Prophet said, “No, rather your shields from the Hellfire are to declare the glory of Allah, the praise of Allah, there is no God but Allah, and Allah is the greatest. Verily, they will come on the Day of Resurrection as saviors and guardian angels, and they are righteous deeds everlasting.” (18:46) [al-Sunan al-Kubra lil-Nasai].

Small deeds that may save you from the hellfire. Jurayy al-Nahdi reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, ‘Glorification of Allah is half of the scale, praise of Allah fills it, and exaltation of Allah fills what is between the heavens and the earth. Fasting is half of patience, and purification (cleanness) is half of faith.’ (Sunan al-Tirmidhi)

Abdur Rahman ibn Samurah reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, came out to us and said, ‘Verily, I saw something wondrous last night. I saw a man of my nation as angels were holding him back, and his ablution (cleansing) came to save him from that. I saw a man of my nation surrounded by devils, and the remembrance of Allah came to free him from them. I saw a man of my nation suffering from extreme thirst, and his fasting in Ramadan came to give him a drink. I saw a man of my nation with darkness before him, darkness behind him, darkness to his right, darkness to his left, darkness above him, and darkness below him, and his pilgrimages came to bring him out of the darkness. I saw a man of my nation to whom the angel of death came to take his soul, and his righteousness to his parents came and turned the angel back. I saw a man of my nation to whom the believers would not speak, and his maintenance of family ties came, and it said, ‘Verily, he is one who has maintained family ties, so speak to him,’ and he became one of them. I saw a man of my nation come to people sitting in circles, and every circle he came to drove him away, and his ritual bath from major impurity led him by the hand and seated him next to them. I saw a man of my nation shielding his face from the heat of the Hellfire, and his charity came to give him shade and cover his face. I saw a man of my nation to whom the angels of punishment came, and his enjoining good and forbidding evil came to save him from that. I saw a man of my nation falling into the Hellfire, and the tears which he shed for reverence of Allah came to pull him out of the Fire. I saw a man of my nation whose scroll fell into his left hand, and his fear of Allah came to place his scroll in his right hand. I saw a man of my nation swaying in the wind like a palm tree, and his good thoughts of Allah came to calm his shaking. I saw a man of my nation crawling across the bridge over Hell, at times kneeling, at times clinging to it, and his blessings over me came to take him by the hand and stand him up upon the bridge until he passed over it. I saw a man of my nation who was stopped at the gates of Paradise, and every gate was locked for him, and his testimony that there is no God but Allah came to take him by the hand and lead him into Paradise.’ (al-Mujam al-Kabir)

The concept of the body glow of humans was introduced in a Hadith. Wudu (washing hands, cleansing face, mouth, nasal passageway, exposed parts of the body, or ablution) is a hygiene practice that acts as a shield against harmful and evil microbes. The Quran mentions: “O you who have believed, when you rise to [perform] prayer, wash your faces and your forearms to the elbows and wipe over your heads and wash your feet to the ankles. And if you are in a state of janabah (impurities/come in possible contact with harmful bacteria), then purify (clean) yourselves. But if you are ill or on a journey or one of you comes from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted women and do not find water, then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and hands with it. Allah does not intend to make difficulties for you, but He intends to purify you and complete His favor upon you so that you may be grateful.” (5:6)

“Al-Ghurr-ul-Muhajjaloon” is the name that will be given on the Day of Resurrection to the believers because the parts of their bodies they used to wash in ablution will shine. Similarly, the souls of humans can be enlightened by good deeds and darkened by bad deeds. Al-Ghurr means beautiful, and al-Muhajjaloon (singular: muhajjal) means bright, radiant, shining, glowing. This glowing beauty will be one of the unique distinguishing features of the followers of the teaching of Allah and Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) on the Day of Judgment (Sahih al-Bukhari).

Some sea creatures use bacteria with bioluminescence to light themselves up. Bioluminescent bacteria are light-producing bacteria predominantly present in seawater, marine sediments, the surface of decomposing fish, and in the gut of marine animals. A company named Glowee is developing glow-in-the-dark bacterial lights that could illuminate shop fronts and street signs. “Therefore, believe in Allah and His Apostle and the Light which We have revealed; and Allah is Aware of what you do.” (64:8) Believers who keep themselves clean, take precautions to prevent harmful microbes from entering their bodies, and illuminate themselves through good hygiene, a healthy lifestyle, proper eating habits, physical exercise, prayer, etc. “On the same day, the hypocrites, both men and women will say to the believers, ‘Wait for us! Let us have some of your light!’ They will be told, ‘Go back and look for a light.’ A wall with a door will be erected between them: inside it lies mercy, outside lies torment” (Quran 57:13). Abu Hurairah (RA) reported: I heard the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) saying: “On the Day of Resurrection, my followers will be summoned ‘Al-Ghurr Al-Muhajjalun’ from the traces of Wudu.’ Whoever can increase the area of his radiance should do so’’ (Al-Bukhari and Muslim).

The word “Ghurr’’ is the plural of “Agharr’’ which means shining or white. It is used for animals (like a horse), i.e., a white mark on its face. The believers among the believers will be distinguished from other communities by virtue of the refulgence issued from their faces, hands, and feet on the Day of Resurrection in the same way that a horse with a white forehead is easily distinguished from other horses. Abu Hurairah (RA) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, “When a Muslim, or a believer, washes his face (in the course of Wudu), every sin which he committed with his eyes, will be washed away from his face with water, or with the last drop of water; when he washes his hands, every sin which is committed by his hands will be effaced from his hands with the water, or with the last drop of water; and when he washes his feet, every sin his feet committed will be washed away with the water, or with the last drop of water; until he finally emerges cleansed of all his sins.’’ [Muslim] Abu Hurairah (RA) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) went to the (Baqi) cemetery and said, “May you be secured from punishment, O dwellers of abode of the believers! We, if Allah wills, will follow you. I wish we see my brothers.’’ The Companions said, “O Messenger of Allah! Are we not your brothers?’’ He said, “You are my Companions, but my brothers are those who have not come into the world yet.’’ They said, “O Messenger of Allah! How will you recognize those of your Ummah who are not born yet?’’ He said, “Say if a man has white-footed horses with white foreheads among horses which are pure black, will he not recognize his own horses?’’ They said, “Certainly, O Messenger of Allah!’’ He said, “They (my followers) will come with bright faces and white limbs because of Wudu’; and I will arrive at the Haud (Al-Kauthar) ahead of them’’ [Muslim]. These hadiths provide insightful information about humans’ glow with our own invisible form of bioluminescence. Scientists found that the human body glows, emitting a visible light in extremely small quantities at levels that rise and fall with the day. This visible light differs from an invisible form of light (infrared radiation) that comes from body heat. The researchers found the body glow rose and fell over the day, with its lowest point at 10 a.m. and its peak at 4 p.m., dropping gradually after that. Could we detect the sin or faith level by measuring the change of the body glow?

Allah is the Lord of the worlds (the world of the dead, heaven, hell, etc.). Some angels are in charge of heaven and hell. The successful souls of believers, who guard themselves against evil and take angels as allies, will enter the peaceful heaven with their good companions. In Heaven, there are no diseases, inflammation, infections, disorders, or disasters caused by evil. Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah’s Apostle said, ‘The first group of people who will enter Paradise will be glittering like the full moon, and those who will follow them will glitter like the most brilliant star in the sky. They will not urinate (as no bacteria can enter through private parts), relieve nature, spit, or have any nasal secretions. Their combs will be made of gold, and their sweat will smell like musk. Aloe vera will be used in their fuel (Aloe vera can be used as biofuel). Their wives will be houris, made so transparent by Allah that their bone marrow can be seen from their bodies. All of them will look alike and resemble their father Adam in stature, sixty cubits tall. The Quran describes the women of heaven: ‘In them shall be those who restrained their eyes; before them, neither man nor jinni (and disease-causing bacteria and viruses as well) shall have touched (or infected) them.’ On the other hand, whoever takes devils as their allies in this world will be thrown into hellfire with their evil companions’ hereafter, where they will not find any good companions (angels) and the help of Allah. Therefore, there is no relief from diseases, inflammation, infection, pus, sufferings, and disaster caused by their evil companions.

What are some qualities of the people of heaven?

1. ‘Those who are, during their prayer, humbly submissive.’ (Quran 23:2)
2. ‘And they who turn away from ill speech.’ (Quran 23:3)
3. ‘And they who are observant of zakah.’ (Quran 23:4)
4. ‘And they who guard their private parts.’ (Quran 23:5)
5. ‘And they who are to their trusts and promises attentive.’ (Quran 23:8)
6. ‘And those who carefully maintain their prayers.’ (Quran 23:9)
7. ‘Who spend during ease and hardship…’ (Quran 3:134)
8. ‘…and who restrain anger…’ (Quran 3:134)
9. ‘…and who pardon the people…’ (Quran 3:134)
10. ‘And those who, when they commit an immorality or wrong themselves [by transgression], remember Allah and seek forgiveness for their sins…’ (Quran 3:135)

The World of Jinn:

Similar to humans, Jinn are living creations with a delusional perception of the ‘so-called free will’ feature and may not be submissive to authority. They can exhibit obedience or disobedience, friendliness or unfriendliness, harmlessness or harmfulness towards mankind. The term ‘Satan’ or ‘Shaitan’ (singular) refers to a living creature that is disobedient, uncontrollable, harmful, evil, and dangerous in nature, especially towards mankind. Similarly, ‘Shayatin’ (plural) refers to devils — rebellious, uncontrollable, stubborn, disobedient, unfriendly, harmful, criminal, and demonic forces. They are agents of Iblis. Both humans and Jinn can be considered as ‘Shayatin’ when they exhibit evil, harmful, stubborn, and unsubmissive behavior by not submitting their ‘so-called free will’ to the commands of Allah.

The personality or behavior of ‘Shayatin’ (stubborn/disobedient humans or Jinn) is not fixed; they can be obedient and submissive with proper guidance, modification, and training if Allah wills. The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, identified the members of the ‘Jinn’ community based on their nature, behavior, features, appearance, and characteristics. A Hadith mentions, ‘The jinn have three forms: one form resembles (certain) dogs (Canidae family) and snakes (reptiles), another form travels through the air (invisible to the naked eye), and a third form comes and goes (resembling humans).’ [Sahih Ibn Ḥibban] Other animals regarded as forms of jinn include scorpions and lizards. The following types of Jinn and Shayatin are discussed:

Jinn Race in the Animal Kingdom:

There are more than 200 verses in the Quran dealing with animals. After analyzing the Quran and Hadith, we can classify living creatures into the following categories based on their DNA, genome, elements, characteristics, nature, and features: Humans, Jinn (Some of them are obedient and harmless, while others are harmful and dangerous for mankind), Species considered as angels (whose nature is always beneficial and submissive), Livestock, and wild animals (mammals), Fish, Frogs (amphibians), Birds, and Insects.

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), 1500 years ago, identified some jinn in the animal kingdom based on their nature, features, elements, genes, and characteristics. Imam Ahmad (in his Musnad) and Ibn Maajah reported that the Prophet (PBUH) said: “Do not pray in camels’ resting places, for they were created from devils.” This hadith indicates bacterial influences on early camel origins and evolution. Bacteria might assist in development and contribute to the cellular and genetic building blocks for some cells.

Additionally, hadith indicates that one type of visible jinn is a doglike animal in the Canidae family, and another one is snakelike (reptiles). Fire is a feature of some living organisms that behave like fire. It is possible that certain doglike (Canidae) and snakelike (reptiles) animals (jinn) are carriers of smokeless “fire” energy or element in their bodies (cells), and the DNA of the specific canine and reptile genome might be different from other animals. Some snakes are harmless to mankind, while others are the deadliest and venomous.

As the ruler of Medina, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) ensured that his government’s predator control and wildlife service took proper measures to identify “dangerous” animals that caused harm to local residents. Aisha reported that Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) commanded the killing of all snakes with stripes, for they affected eyesight and caused miscarriages during pregnancies. Snakebites during pregnancy may lead to teratogenesis and spontaneous miscarriages, antepartum hemorrhage, preterm labor and delivery, intrauterine fetal death, and neonatal death.

One of the companions of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), Sad ibn Ubaadah, was killed by the jinn (snake) when he urinated in a hole in which was their dwelling place (snake hole). Besides, all reptiles carry a range of germs, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Many of these germs can be transmitted to the family of reptile owners, leading to long-term eye damage. GIT microbes perform functions that contribute to the health status of the host. Future research may explore whether the functionality of the gastrointestinal microbiome in pigs, dangerous dogs, venomous lizards, and venomous reptiles differs due to their diet or not.

As the head of the government of Medina, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) had the responsibility to enforce wildlife laws, control harmful species that spread diseases and attack humans, and protect fish, plants, animals, and manage local wildlife. Today, the governments of many nations have approved the killing of pests such as coyotes, foxes, and wild dogs that live in the wild and dangerous animals with deadly poison. There is an authentic hadith that mentions the killing of the “five serious pests” in both normal lands and sacred precincts. They are the snake, the scorpion, the (feral or dangerous) dog (that shows no fear of humans), the mouse, and the kite. These harmful animals might cause harm to people when they make their homes in places of human habitation. Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) ordered that the salamander (or certain lizard) should be killed and said, “It (i.e. fire-breathing) blew on Abraham.” [Sahih al-Bukhari]. The poison glands of the fire salamander and the Rough-Skinned Newt are toxic (a class of chemicals). Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) only ordered his companions who assist him to run the public welfare service and federal agency of Madinah to kill invisible Jinn who were harmful, dangerous, deadliest, and poisonous for local residents and livestock.

“Surah Jinn” indicates that 1500 years ago, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) modified the behavior of some local jinn through teachings and preaching. He was successful in changing the undesirable behaviors of jinn (snakes) in his community. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “There are certain snakes in Madinah who have embraced Islam (became obedient, non-venomous, and would not harm people; they are under control and submission). When you see a snake in Madinah, (do not kill it) and call it out for three days. If that snake appears even after three days of calling, kill it, for it is the Satan (harmful, poisonous, dangerous, disobedient, or of evil nature)” (Mutawwa Malik).

According to a few evolutionary biologists, the dog also emerged from bacteria. It is possible that dogs’ early domestication occurred because of the change in the dog’s diet in human-dominated places. Today, dog owners modify the behavior of dogs (jinn) using some techniques that include habituation, extinction, desensitization, counterconditioning, response substitution, and shaping. Allah sent Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to teach, train, and guide not only mankind but also jinn kind according to the guidance of Allah, as they are our universal brothers. Moreover, Prophet Solomon had a powerful army of humans, jinn (marine microbes, stubborn microbes), and birds. He was careful about the emotions of animals, even if it was a tiny “ant” during his ruling period. All of Allah’s chosen prophets built harmony among His creations. A hadith informs us that when Prophet Isa (PBUH) returns at the end time, the tiger and snake will live peacefully in his ruling period.

The Prophet (PBUH) might be divide the Jinn category based on submissive behavior and genome evolutionary. The Quran mentions the story in Surah Kahf that a group of believers with dogs hid in a cave. Not all dogs are harmful and disobedient in nature, but humans should be aware of dangerous dogs (Shayatin) because some stubborn dogs (Canidae) might decide to harm humans and livestock and spread diseases (e.g., rabies). The zombie-like rabies virus is usually transmitted through a bite (the saliva of infected animals). People who contact the rabies virus might bark like dogs and behave like animals. A hadith mentions Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) classified as a dangerous dog as “…O Abu Zarr, what feature is a black dog (dangerous) which distinguishes it from the red dog and the yellow dog? He said: O, son of my brother, I asked the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) as you are asking me, and he said: The (jet) black dog is a Satan (harmful or evil in nature).” [Muslim] All disorders or undesirable traits of this specific dog breed might be the result of random mutations in DNA or infectious viral diseases.

Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) ordered the companions who controlled dangerous animals to kill a specific breed of dog that was harmful and dangerous to his community and livestock. They carried out this order to the extent that they even killed a dog coming with a woman from the desert. Later, Allah’s Apostle (PBUH) forbade the killing of all dogs. He (the Prophet further) said: ‘It is your duty, the jet-black (specific breed) having two spots (between the eyes), for it is a Satan.’ [Sahih Muslim] The Quran encourages you to train your dogs but control dangerous animals. “Lawful for you are all good things, and [the prey] that trained [hunting] dogs and falcons catch for you.” (Quran 5:4) Today, trained dogs are used as scouts, sentries, messengers, trackers, and assistance for people with special needs. Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) dangerous dog provisions act does not apply to those who keep a dog other than one for guarding fields, herds, or hunting. Trained dogs should be kept separately in dog houses rather than in dog owners’ homes for reasons such as guarding themselves against harmful bacteria and diseases that can be transmitted through dogs, ensuring sound sleep, enhancing concentration, and facilitating prayer. Dogs are sources of zoonotic parasites. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) informed us that anyone who keeps dogs at their home as a pet (without a valid reason) will lose two Qirat (mountain-like huge rewards) every day from their (hereafter) rewards (due to negligence leading to infectious diseases).’’ [Al-Bukhari and Muslim]

Sometimes, the angel Jibreel might communicate with Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) through visions or auditory methods to deliver messages and divine guidance from Allah. A hadith mentions that an angel could not enter the house of Prophet Muhammad’s wife, Ayesha (PBUH), because there was a dog inside. However, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) did not command his wife to kill the dog. It is possible that the angel did not come to Ayesha’s house because it might have been challenging for Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to concentrate on his visions (communication with an angel) where a dog lives. Only Allah knows best! There is a saying that the quality of your sleep diminishes if you are sleeping with dogs. Many pet owners claim that their dogs disrupt their sleep a few times each night. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said that dogs bark when they see Satan. Dogs have unique night vision and senses that can detect species invisible to our naked eyes. It is possible that dogs can sense the presence of others, especially harmful bacteria that are active at night, which may interrupt the pet owner’s sleep by prompting barking. Moreover, dog homes may have higher bacteria populations. Sometimes, dogs that eat their own poop may have a parasite, either in their intestinal tracts, liver, or brain. All these factors could be possible reasons not to allow angels to enter houses with dogs.

However, the Prophet (PBUH) encouraged us to treat all creations of Allah kindly, even if they are categorized as Jinn, unless they are harmful and dangerous to us. The people with the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, “O Messenger of Allah! Is there a reward for us in serving the animals?” The Prophet (PBUH) said, “Yes, there is a reward for serving any animate (living being).” Ensuring the availability of safe water for livestock and animals can reduce the risk of disease outbreaks. A hadith mentions that Allah Almighty forgave someone with a major sin (adultery) who gave water to a dog suffering from extreme thirst, showing kindness towards the creations of Allah. The teaching of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is to treat any creations of Allah kindly and maintain harmony among His creations. Muslim Khalif Umar al Khattab, who followed the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), said: “If a dog dies hungry on the banks of the River Euphrates, Umar (as the ruler) will be responsible for dereliction of duty.”

Invisible Jinn in the Microscopic and Macroworlds:

Believing in the unseen world (microscopic world) is a fundamental tenet of faith for believers, as mentioned in the Quran: “This is the Book (guidance) in which there is no doubt, a guide for the righteous. Those who believe in the unseen, perform prayers, and give from what We have provided for them” (2:2–3). ‘Jinn’ is an Arabic word that means “hidden” or invisible life form. One of the main elements of the Jinn’s composition is smokeless fire or flame: “And the jinn We created before, from piercing fire” (15:27). Do you think Jinn is a heat-loving life form and a source of electricity? Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) identified one kind of Jinn that travels through the air. Also, he said, “Verily, Satan flows through the human being like the flowing of blood.” (Sahih Muslim). Can this group of Jinn be a form of microorganisms paired with other tiny organisms in the ecosystem of every creation of Allah? Let’s find out whether the microworld of Jinn includes stubborn microbes (bacteria, viruses, parasites, algae, fungi, protozoa, etc.) or not.

Today Satan has been depicted as a red-hued man with horns or a horned beast. Sometimes, Jinn is portrayed as having hooves like a goat’s and a black tail. But what does the devil actually look like? Are they creepy crawlers? The Prophet (PBUH) said about some forms of evil (al-riya), that “it is more inconspicuous than the creeping of ants” (Al-Bukhari, Kitab al-Adab al-Mufrad). Like humans, Jinn have an ancestry. The father of the Jinn is Al-Jann.

Iblis, once the most righteous among the jinn species, later became the preacher of the group of disobedient jinn or devils. Not all jinn are harmful and unfriendly, but some of them are agents of Iblis who are invaders, disobedient, stubborn, uncontrollable, evil, blameworthy, and harmful to mankind. The Quran emphasizes the distinction between good and evil, urging those with understanding to fear Allah for success (5:100). Jinn and angels are considered our universal brothers and companions of the souls of Adam’s children, both before they came to Earth and during their time on Earth and in the hereafter. Therefore, it is essential to maintain harmony and peace with the Jinn race as long as they are friendly. It is advised not to destroy all kinds of microbes because Abu Huraira reported that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “An ant bit a prophet among the prophets, so he ordered the colony of ants to be burned. Allah revealed to him: One ant has bitten you, and you destroy one of the nations that praise Allah?” (Ṣaḥiḥ al-Bukhari)

Iblis, the leader and teacher of the stubborn and disobedient jinn community (Shaiatin) at the lower heaven (space or sky) and earth, was granted a specific time (until the Day of Judgment) before entering his final destination (Hell) to test mankind and jinn kind. His goal is to dominate the body, earth, sea, and sky; misled the children of Adam, hinder the achievement of mankind’s goals and responsibilities as the chosen authority on the earth; prove that the children of Adam are not worthy enough to be the chosen authority on earth, and prove to Allah that Iblis is a superior and better candidate to become the authority on the earth. Iblis was cursed until the Day of Judgment, and his followers might be affected by diseases, disorders, and tribulations. Do you think harmless jinn may turn into harmful cursed devils (pathogenic and infectious microbes) by contact with cursed Iblis? I think if people or animals are in close contact with these cursed devils, they become infected and cursed with diseases and disorders as well. Allah did not assign these devils to harm people. “Allah did not create the Jinns and the human beings except for the purpose that they should obey Allah” (51:56). “Indeed, Satan has ever been, to the Most Merciful, disobedient” (19:44).

The agents of Iblis are catastrophic threats to our survival in this world. Iblis assigned his diverse agents “Shaiatin” among Jinn communities who travel in the air and invade the human body or mind. We know pathogenic organisms (disease-causing bacteria and viruses) spread by contaminated foods, which cause infections, inflammation, obesity, malnutrition, and other illnesses that weaken our immune system, thereby decreasing our performance and destroying our health and well-being. Harmful microscopic species further cause pandemics, creating personal and social problems, breaking unity among the children of Adam, invading our resources, and damaging harmony among the creations of Allah on His planet Earth. Also, they adversely affect the inhabitants and regions, causing ecological problems, environmental pollution, and economic damage.

A bacterial colony can be considered a cybernetic unit. Bacteria are one of the fastest-reproducing organisms in the world. They can reproduce without sexual intercourse and can be found anywhere — in water, soil, plants, cold temperatures, radioactive wastes, deep in the ocean, arctic ice, hot springs, alkaline environments, deep in the earth’s crust, and human intestines. Different kinds of bacteria can live on any surface of humans and animals, residing within or between cells. All organisms maintain close relationships with microbes. Bacteria can appear in pairs, chains, or groups of four. Some have external whip-like structures. Living bacteria change into very different shapes such as triangles, squares, circles, star-shapes, rectangular shapes, and letters.

Like humans, some microbes can be submissive or stubborn. For example, single-cell eukaryotes may seem harmless, but Blastocystis, a single-cell eukaryote, can destroy good bacteria in the body. A pathobiont is another potentially disease-causing microorganism that, under normal circumstances, lives without causing diseases. Streptococcus pneumoniae can suddenly switch from good to evil. Good hygiene can prevent some harmless bacteria from turning deadly and pathogenic. Micavibrio aeruginosavorus (vampire bacteria) are predatory bacteria that do not invade their prey but attach themselves to the outside of a prey cell. They can leach nutrients from their victim, ultimately causing the prey cell to die. Another pathogenic organism, norovirus, attacks the digestive system through food poisoning. Some of the identified microbes are E. coli, MRSA, salmonella, listeria, and others that can cause pneumonia or gingivitis in humans. Campylobacter jejuni infects intestinal tissues or produces bacterial toxins (poison). Some viruses can shoot their DNA into the host; others can spark a viral-induced “fire” throughout human organs. Also, some cursed viruses can infect bacteria. Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans, including syphilis, brucellosis, and most notably Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV), etc.

The microscopic group of Jinn (e.g., bacteria) is among the fastest-reproducing organisms in the world. The microscopic organism can thrive in all warm-blooded animals. Not all bacteria are parasites; parasites are different from bacteria or viruses. Although parasites belong to different groups of living organisms, sometimes some of them act as mini evil agents. In most cases, the eggs and larvae of these parasites are hidden and microscopic. Many parasitic diseases can be bloodborne and are spread by insects. Parasites can be either intercellular or intracellular, inhabiting the body or cells. Some parasites can also attack the heart and cause inflammation of the membrane around the human heart. Therefore, these invaders (e.g., pathogenic parasites, deadly viruses, and stubborn bacteria) among the diverse microbe community need to be identified and kept under surveillance because these disease and death-causing agents have the ability to spread throughout a population.

Mankind is vulnerable to disease, disorder, and disaster-causing microbes and pathogens. Anas ibn Malik reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “When Allah formed Adam in Paradise, He left him as long as He willed to leave him. Satan walked around him, looking to see what he was. When he saw that he was hollow, he knew he was created such that he could not control himself.” (Ṣaḥiḥ Muslim). One group of the evil agents could be infectious microorganisms composed of a DNA or RNA genome enclosed within a protein coat which is known as “viruses.” Viruses can alter the host cell metabolism and multiply inside living cells of humans and animals to make optimal conditions for their rapid spread but they do not replicate in foods or surfaces. They can destroy our memory cells, and viral infection can alter our personality.

Bacterial pathogens evolve strategies to colonize and invade human organs. 1500 years ago, the Quran warned mankind about the attacking strategy of the disobedient Jinn named Iblis and his evil armies. The great enemy of mankind named Iblis said to Allah: “I shall lie in wait for them (mankind) on Your straight path; I will assault them from the front and the back, from their right and their left; nor will you find that most of them are grateful.” (17:62) This verse indicates how his evil cursed agents enter the body. We know harmful microbes can enter our bodies through different portals such as the mouth, nasal passageway, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, genital tract, eyes, blood, solid organs, through wounds, or the placenta; colonize or penetrate it to replicate in the tissues and damage internal organs (e.g., the heart, stomach, intestine) and external organs (liver, right kidney, gallbladder).

We are under the surveillance of infectious agents of Iblis who are searching for a route to enter our bodies, want us to die (destroy) quickly, and make us unsuccessful in accomplishing our goal in this world. As Iblis left Paradise, he made a promise: “This one (Adam) whom you have honored above me, I will surely mislead Adam and his offspring till the day of Judgement.” (17:62) In order to become successful authorities, the children of Adam need to follow “The Straight Path” (lifestyles according to the teachings of Allah and His messengers). Otherwise, people who experience illness and face life’s challenges tend to become ungrateful to their Lord, especially if they are not believers.

Satan enters a host (animals or humans) through a portal of entry. They can use vehicles (nonliving objects) and vectors (living) to transmit diseases. How do they enter the human body using the portal of entry? The mouth is one of the entry routes for harmful bacteria that harm our bodies and our inner beneficial microbes when we talk and when we eat. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) warned one of his companions: “People will be cast headfirst into Hell (for their bad deeds), mainly owing to the indiscretions of their tongues (lack of control in talking and eating).” The Prophet replied: ‘Keep your tongue under control (practice self-control on food temptation and talking too much), and let there be enough room for you in your house (gut), and shed tears over your sins before the Almighty (which are influenced by Satan).” If you do not practice self-control on your tongue and do not guard yourselves properly against the evil forces of microbes, stubborn bacteria, and viruses that travel through your body, abnormal bacterial growths may imbalance the ecosystem of your body, cause diseases, and ultimately destroy your worldly body completely. Without a worldly body, your soul will feel naked. This will cause “time’s up! Turn in your tests in this world, whether you’re finished or not.”

The respiratory tract is another common portal of entry for viruses into the human body. The gastrointestinal tract is a hollow tube that stretches from the mouth to the anus. Viruses is also transmitted via the genital tract (reproductive organs) as a result of sexual activity. They can also penetrate the epidermis (skin). Bites of insect vectors such as mosquitoes may introduce viruses into the dermis.

Harmful microbes can transfer indirectly through the presence of an intermediary between hosts. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), who was granted advanced knowledge in Epidemiology and Viral Transmission, said: “There is no contagious disease, nor [is there any evil omen in the month of] Safar, nor Hama.” A Bedouin asked, “O Allah’s Messenger! What about the camels which, when on the sand [desert] look like deers, but when mixed with a camel with an itch, they all become infected with itchiness?” On that, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) said, “Then who conveyed the disease [itch] to the first camel?” (Sahih al-Bukhari, Book of Medicine). Coming into contact with the infected individuals does not mean that the disease will occur in the host. The presence of these evil agents is compulsory for the disease to occur but ‘nothing will befall us except what Allah has decreed for us. He is our protector, and upon Allah let the believers rely” (At-Tawbah 9: 51). Sometimes some host factors may impact whether the disease will occur or not, such as the imbalanced gut, the condition of the immune system, hygiene, sex, age, environment, biological factors, etc. While we have the upper hand (the granted authorities of our worldly bodies and environment), we should not be arrogant of these tiny beasts (viruses, bacteria, parasites). Surah Fil teaches us a flock of small birds (Ababil) can destroy the strong army of the elephant on land. The Quran warns the children of Adam: “Satan is an enemy to you; so, take him as an enemy. He only invites his party to be among the companions of the Blaze.” (Surah Fatir, 6).

Every one of us was assigned a unique microbiome. A hadith indicates that an angel and a unique personal Jinn (dormant/inactive/harmless) named “Qarin” are assigned when we are born. However, later, the nature of this assigned Jinn turns stubborn and bad (due to a poor diet, weak immune system, an unhealthy lifestyle, disbelief in Allah’s commands, and other factors). This “Qarin” Jinn was not disobedient and harmful until the child started talking and eating solid food using his or her tongue.

It is reported on the authority of Abu Muawiya that (the Prophet) said: ‘Every newborn baby is born on the millat (innate nature of submission), remains on this until his tongue is enabled to express himself.’ Al-Bukhari reported: Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said, ‘When a person is born, Satan remains hidden from him. If one remembers Allah Almighty (follows the right lifestyle according to the teachings of Allah and His messengers), he will leave. If one does not remember Allah, he will remain fixed over his heart.’ [Ṣaḥiḥ al-Bukhari]. Gut microbiota and immunity are determined by the environment that the child is exposed to at birth based on their diet, feeding methods, and lifestyle. When a child starts talking and eating unhealthy and contaminated food, the evil agents (pathogens which travel through the air) enter him or her through the mouth or other routes and might communicate with his or her assigned inner dormant microbe. It can be considered as virus-bacterium associations. Can Satan preach to Qarin Jinn what Iblis taught them and thus making the inner Qarin jinn stubborn?

The inner Qarin Jinn and the agents of Iblis may communicate to empower the jinn race in the body and execute the plan of Iblis. The cursed agents of Iblis might teach Qarin Jinn falsehood (e.g., Iblis’s teaching might involve these strategies- Qarin Jinn is the brothers of agents of Iblis; the purpose of the life of an assigned Qarin Jinn is to mislead humans, or that the Qarin jinn is a superior race compared to the humans so they should dominate the human body and mind, and that if they become successful in misleading humans, they will be honorable among the Jinn community). Later, these stubborn inner Jinn may trigger you, inciting humans to sin by ‘whispering’ to the heart and instilling within you the bad characteristics of Iblis, which caused a decrease in his rank among worshippers and threw him down from the higher honorable station, ‘heaven’. Some of the bad characteristics associated with the ‘lower self’ include ungratefulness, lying, deceiving, lust, anger, greed, superiority complex, boastfulness, arrogance, unrepentance, disobedience, associating partners with their ‘True’ creator, delusion (excessive love for this temporary world leading to forgetfulness of the final destination, ‘Heaven’), jealousy, envy, racism, and hatred, causing bloodshed and developing disunity in the universal brotherhood, breaking family ties, increasing immorality and crimes in society, destroying harmony among every creation of Allah, and damaging the environment and the planet, ‘Earth’. It is mentioned in Quran, Iblis promised to Allah: “And I will mislead them (mankind), and I will arouse in them [sinful] desires (temptation)…” [4:119] “…You find that most of them (the children of Adam) are ungrateful.” [17:62]

Stubborn bacteria can communicate with one another through electrical or chemical signals. Your inner stubborn microbes may trigger you to engage in activities that invite the evil agents (bacteria, viruses) into your body, such as yawning, overeating, useless talking, immoral sexual activities, etc. The Quran warns the children of Adam: “Satan is an enemy to you; so, take him as an enemy. He only invites his party (harmful microbes, pathogens) to be among the companions of the Blaze” [Surah Fatir, 6]. The Prophet (PBUH) said, “Yawning is from Satan, and if anyone of you yawns, he should check his yawning as much as possible, for if anyone of you (during the act of yawning) should say: ‘Ha,’ Satan will laugh at him.” [Sahih al-Bukhari] Ibn Abbas said, “When someone yawns, he should place his hand over (or cover) his mouth. Yawning comes from Shaytan.” [Al-Adab Al-Mufrad] Inner bacterial conversation might change when new invader bacteria enter the human body.

In order to survive in this world, first know yourself and know your enemy. Where is your worst invisible enemy hidden? It resides within your own gut — the bad bacteria. They become stubborn when irresponsible people fail to guard themselves and reject the right lifestyles as taught by Allah and His messengers. When the bad bacteria outnumber the good bacteria within, it creates an imbalance in the body’s ecosystem. The ecosystem of our body is designed and programmed by Allah in such a manner that our body will be healthy as long as we maintain a fair balance in our ecosystem with good and bad microbes. When the inner stubborn bacteria outnumber the good bacteria, they may send us bacterial signals to commit evil acts or sin. “And he who turns away from the remembrance of the Gracious God, We appoint for him Satan, who becomes his (evil) companion.” [Quran 43:37]. “Satan is your most ardent enemy. He only commands you to commit evil and vice and to say about God what you do not know.” (2:168–169)

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) warned: “Satan reaches everywhere in the human body as blood reaches in it. I was afraid lest Satan might insert an evil thought in your minds.” (Bukhari) Individuals who are more frequently affected by dysbiosis (an imbalance in the community of healthy gut microbiota) may allow bacteria to cross the mucosa of the gut and enter the circulation. When fungi, bacteria, or other germs enter your bloodstream and travel to your heart, they may send chemical signals (waswas) to your brain to encourage you to do immoral or destructive acts. “I seek refuge with the Lord from the mischief of the Whisperer (of Evil), who withdraws (after his whisper). The evil who whispers into the hearts of Mankind among the Jinn and men.” (Surah Nas, 4–6).

Do you think Jinn collectively act like supercomputers, as they can directly send messages (signals) to the human mind and manipulate human thoughts? It is very possible that they are able to influence decision-making by detecting and interpreting (encoding and decoding electrical signals) human brain activities. It might also be possible to determine what a person is thinking using fMRI brain imaging. However, Satan does not have power over human actions. It is humans who choose whether to obey the commands of Satan or the commands of their Creator. How can it be, humans think they are free, while Allah appointed angels to record every single move they make and Satan monitors their activities? We are always under surveillance. Allah did not command inner bacteria to hack the human brain, but Allah granted time to Abolish and his Jinn followers until the day of judgment to test the humans and Jinn race whether they remain faithful towards God and worship the commands of Allah or not. Nowadays, scientists can detect electrical activity in the brain through the scalp and control it.

Understanding the psychology of Satan will help us understand how harmful microbes have changed the world. Bacteria and parasites might behave the way you think. The stubborn and bad microbes play with your body, thoughts, performance, reasoning, and seduce misguided humans into sin, crime, or falsehood. Parasites can influence the behavior of their hosts by infecting the host’s central nervous system or by altering neurochemical communication. In addition to these methods, parasites have evolved to manipulate behavior from outside the brain by producing substances like dopamine and releasing them. For example, Bradyzoites (parasites) are found in the infected brain (e.g., the amygdala), which controls the fear response. Evil microbes may cause an imbalance in dopamine levels in people who have schizophrenia. Scientists have found that gut bacteria produce many other neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and GABA, which are critical for mood, anxiety, concentration, reward, and motivation. These gut microbiomes can also cause changes in how our brains react. Neurotransmitters are messenger chemicals produced by microorganisms capable of transmitting signals between your cells. Today, scientists believe that gut bacteria send chemical signals to the brain, but the Quran confirms Satan sends the signal to human hearts. When bacteria and cell debris accumulate inside the heart, form blood clots, and travel through the bloodstream to other organs, evil microorganisms might send the chemical signal (waswas) and trigger emotions (e.g., stress) that harm your heart. Say, “My Lord, I seek refuge in You from the whispers of the devils.” (Quran 23:97) “And I seek refuge in You, my Lord, lest they come near me.” (23:98)

Abdullah Ibn Masud reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, said: “Verily, Satan has influence with the son of Adam, and the angel has influence. As for the influence of Satan, he promises evil and denies the truth. As for the influence of the angel, he promises goodness and affirms the truth. Whoever finds this goodness, let him know that it is from Allah and let him praise Allah. Whoever finds something else, let him seek refuge in Allah from the accursed Satan.” Humans are responsible for their evil actions because they obey or follow the evil commands of inner Satan bacteria and turn their evil thoughts into reality (sin or crime). But Allah forgives believers for their involuntary thoughts, which are influenced by the internal Satan. The Prophet (PBUH) said: “Verily, Allah has pardoned my nation for what occurs within themselves, as long as they do not speak of it or act upon it.” (Sahih Bukhari)

When Satan become stronger, they start whispering in your hearts by copying your own voice (send chemical signals or waswas) and influence your negative emotions, the temptations to do harmful things, and produce evil thoughts. It might be in the upper chamber (right side) of the human heart where angels sit to inspire people to do good deeds and the lower chamber (left side) where devils sit to whisper to do evil deeds. Your “inner devil” acts like he is your good advisor and harmless companion, but in reality, he is a deceiver. The Quran warns mankind: …”Whoever, forsaking God, takes Satan for a friend (follows Satan’s commands), hath of a surety suffered a loss that is manifest. Satan makes them promises and creates false desires in them, but Satan’s promises are nothing but deception.” [4: 119–20] Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: ‘The greater Jihad (self-control/struggle) is fighting against one’s lower self (evil thoughts, greed, anger, lust, depression, temptation which are influenced by Satan)’.

The invisible universe of Jinn lives on us and in us, thriving in diverse bacterial communities and fungi at home on the human body, gut ecosystem, hair, skin (epidermal layers), and everywhere. Trillions of bacteria are present in our gut. Bad bacteria endanger the beneficial bacteria population. Stubborn gut bacteria develop their weapons from viruses, targeting and destroying inner good bacteria. A team of Princeton researchers reported finding SCH-79797 compounds that can simultaneously puncture bacterial walls and destroy folate within their cells while being immune to antibiotic resistance. Gut health is interconnected with the health of our hearts, as well as our mental health. Recent studies suggest that people with intestinal disorders and functional bowel problems develop depression, anxiety, and other mental health problems.

The gut microbiota is exposed to daily cycles of nutrients due to the rhythmic eating habits of the host and temperature changes, impacting their bacterial clockwork. The Quran mentions that humans are designed to sleep at night; therefore, proper sleep is beneficial for physical and mental health, reducing the risk of developing an imbalanced gut ecosystem and health problems.

According to the reports of the hadiths, the jinn community eats and drinks with humans. Like obedient humans, obedient Jinn can consume different foods than the disobedient agents of Iblis. When believers recite “Bismillah” (In the name of Allah) before eating clean food, if the food is dropped, obedient and harmless invisible Jinn eat the food of the believers. Jinn also eats dung and bones. Ibn Masood said: “The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: ‘Someone from among the jinn called me, and I went with him and recited the Quran for them (to modify their behavior). He took us and showed us the traces of where they had been and the traces of their fires. They asked him for food and he said, ‘You can have every bone on which the name of Allah has been mentioned that comes into your possession, as meat, and all the droppings as food for your animals.’ The Prophet (PBUH) said, ‘So do not use (dung and bones) for cleaning yourselves (after relieving oneself), for they are the food and provision of your (Jinn) brothers.’” [Reported by Muslim]. According to another report: “A delegation of Jinn from Naseebeen (believer jinn) came to me, and what good jinn they are! They asked me for food and I prayed to Allah for them, so that they would not pass by bones or droppings, but they would find food on them.” [Reported by al-Bukhaari]. The believing jinn may eat any bone on which the name of Allah has been mentioned because the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) did not permit them to have anything on which Allah’s name has not been mentioned — those are for the disbeliever Satan among the jinn community. Similarly, to me, if our inner Qarin Jinn becomes obedient under our authority he might take energy from anything on which Allah’s name has been mentioned, whereas inner stubborn Qarin Jinn might take energy from bad food when disobedient people eat unhealthily.

Stubborn Jinn can consume energy in various ways. Some bacteria thrive on consuming fat, while others feed on metals, and some are plastic eaters or decomposers. Others obtain energy by breaking down chemical compounds in the environment. Pathogenic organisms invade human food sources such as fats, red meat (e.g., beef, pork, rotten meat) of dead animals, blood, fruits, veggies, etc., and unclean foods, spreading illnesses. Indeed, Iblis preaches to his devils and says: “Upon you is meat, intoxicants (e.g., alcohol), and women (sexual contact)-for I do not find the collection of evil except in them.” A high protein diet helps pathogenic bacteria take over more readily. When people consume excessive meat, intoxicants, and are involved in sexual activities, it might increase their blood plasma levels.

Bad bacteria produce their own food to colonize the gut. Therefore, your inner hungry devils want you to consume sweets, sugary items, and alcohol so that gut bacteria might extract energy from you. When available food runs out, the bacteria enter a dormant state similar to sleep. When food (e.g., sugar) becomes available, dormant bacteria wake up and start to reproduce. Disobedient people with unhealthy eating habits who oppress themselves unknowingly donate and share food with their own pathogenic enemies (bad bacteria). The Quran forbids the consumption of harmful and unhealthy foods for believers: “For he (the Prophet Muhammad PBUH) commands them what is just and forbids them what is evil; he allows them as lawful what is good and clean and prohibits what is bad (harmful, unhealthy) and impure (unclean)…” [7: 157].

Audible sound (loud music or loud speech) in the form of music might influence microbial growth and metabolism. Proteins, viruses, and bacteria all vibrate at frequencies in the terahertz and gigahertz range. Some researchers believe that bacterial cells can produce sound and send vocal messages to each other since they are motile and can exchange genetic materials through conjugation and transduction. However, loud speech or high-pitched music, stringed musical instruments might assist the growth of harmful microbes. Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) as saying: “The bell is the musical instrument of Satan.” Loud speech (sound energy) is like a harmful sonic weapon to some of our universal brother beneficial bacteria. Anas ibn Malik reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Two voices are cursed in this world and in the Hereafter: a flute at a time of celebration, and wailing at a time of calamity.” (Musnad al-Bazzar)

A recent study suggests microbes can network and communicate at the nanoscale. Bacteria can emit electrical signals to recruit other species to join their communities. Also, they could generate radio waves. They can communicate amongst themselves and with their hosts, by producing, sensing, and responding to chemical signals. Bacteria might have their own version of the internet for swapping survival solutions. Their living broadband networks of viruses may help bacteria evolve faster. A bacteriophage resembles a lunar landing module crossed with a spider. The virus hijacks the host’s cellular machinery to make copies of itself, later bursting out of the cell to infect other bacteria. The effects of carbon dioxide increase bacterial growth (spoilage microorganisms) whereas good microbes keep a fairly balanced environment which is beneficial for mankind. Stubborn Jinn are always searching for a chance to get control of the rain, sea, cloud, mountain, and weather for their growth and survival. Sometimes Jinn race might involve fighting with angels to control these resources.

There are many different species among the space and marine Jinn races. Satan places his throne upon water; he then sends his troops. The nearer to him in rank are those who are most skillful in creating mischief. Jabir reported: I heard Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) saying: ‘The throne of Iblis is upon the ocean, and he sends detachments (to different parts) in order to put people to trial, and the most important figure in his eyes is one who is most notorious in sowing the seed of dissension.’ Microbes can travel interstellar distances and carry encrypted messages into their bacterial DNA. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, ‘When Satan (Iblis) awakens in the morning, he dispatches his (diverse) troops, saying: Whoever misguides a Muslim (with good hygiene and a healthy lifestyle) today, I will dress him with a crown (spike). This one will go out and say: I did not leave him alone until he divorced his wife. Satan will say: A Muslim is about to get married. This one will come and say: I did not leave him alone until he disrespected his parents. Satan will say: A Muslim is about to be good to his parents. This one will come and say: I did not leave him alone until he committed idolatry. Satan will say You, you! Another will come and say: I did not leave him alone until he committed adultery. Satan will say You, you! This one will come and say: I did not leave him alone until he killed someone. Satan will say You, you! Then he will dress him with a crown (honor).’ Could some of the agents of Iblis be the virus family which has crown-like spikes? Under the microscope, the spikes can appear like a ‘crown’. Research suggests that sudden personality changes can result from bacterial or viral infection and the effects of infection lead to divorce, disobedience, abusive, disrespect, and criminal behavior. For example, some patients with Lyme/tick-borne disease who become infected and develop a type of neurological dysfunction that can increase their risk of aggressiveness.

Some symbols and signs carry universal power. Emojis are popular signs or pictograms in the virtual world, which can be considered as modern-day hieroglyphs. Like modern emojis, ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs also use symbols to convey information to their gods and goddess (Jinn). Do you think microbes can see and react to these symbols? As intelligent living organisms, inner harmful microbes have hearing, vision, and thinking abilities. Whatever we hear, see, or speak, they see and hear with us. When people see tempting images, videos, or listen to tempting lyrics, inner harmful microbes might activate sexual arousal simulations. Similarly, when they see tempting food advertisements, they might activate eating simulations. However, people who practice self-control and avoid watching and listening to tempting stimuli prevent gut harmful microbes from influencing their actions. The Quran warns: “O children of Adam! let not Satan seduce (tempt) you, even as he turned your parents out of the garden, stripping them of their garment that he might show them their shame. Surely, We have made Satan friends for those who believe not.” [Quran 7:28]

Iblis was granted a longer life than a human in this world. But how long do his evil forces live? Research has shown that some bacterial species can live without food for more than 1000 days. Some die earlier, and some survive in a dormant state for more than 100 million years. The average lifespan of some bacteria is around 12 hours or so. Respiratory syncytial virus can survive on clothing for 30–45 minutes, on door handles for up to 6 hours, and on the skin for up to 20 minutes. Herpesviruses from cold sores around the mouth can survive for 2 hours on the skin. The growth rate of bacteria is faster than humans.

Every child of Adam is born as a leader to fight against Satan and protect themselves and the planet Earth. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) taught us to start everything with “In the name of Our Creator” (Bismillah) and seek refuge from the evil Satan to create an invisible barrier between us and our stubborn Jinn. The powerful word against Satan is: “In the name of Allah, The Most Gracious and The Most Merciful, I seek refuge in Allah from the outcast Shaitan.” Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) informed us: “Do not say: May the devil perish! For if you say that, he will swell so much that he will be like a house, and say: By my power. But say ‘Bismillah,’ for when you say that, he will diminish so much that he will be like a fly.” (An-Nasai, Ahmad, Abu Dawud)

What are some of the handiworks of the inner Satan?

Infection:

Illnesses and diseases are part of the curse and caused by the touch of the cursed Satan. Whoever comes into contact with cursed Satan may become cursed with infectious or communicable diseases. Deadly infectious diseases and illnesses are caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and an overgrowth of harmful and pathogenic biologic agents, responsible for human deaths. Bacterial pathogens invade tissues and get vital nutrients from the host during invasive infection. Researchers from Vanderbilt University Medical Center have found the metabolic pathway that Staphylococcus aureus uses to survive in bones.

There are many different types of infections. Inflammation caused by infections contributes to many diseases. Prophet Ayub (PBUH) was infected with skin disease. His skin was covered all over with sore boils and loathsome sores. The Quran mentions his story to teach us: “And remember Our servant Ayub (PBUH), when he cried out to his Lord, “Satan has afflicted me with distress and suffering.” (Surah Saad: 41). To me, this verse indicates that Satan causes painful skin diseases. Prophet Ayub (PBUH) remained patient and prayed while he suffered from the illness. The Quran mentions: “Then We heard his prayer and removed that adversity from which he suffered, and We gave him his household and the like thereof along with them, a mercy from Our store and remembrance for the worshippers.” (Surah 21: Verse 84) In the Quran, Allah teaches that the treatment of the skin disease of Ayub (PBUH) is drinking and washing with the purified water under the earth (stream flowing on the surface of the earth). As the Quran mentions: “(The command was given:) “Strike with thy foot: here is (water) wherein to wash, cool and refreshing, and (water) to drink.” [Surah Saad 42]. Purified water is the best medicine for bacterial, viral, and fungal infections.

Most fevers are caused by infections. The Prophet (PBUH) said: “Fever is from the heat of Hell, so put it out (cool it) with water.’ Like hell, humans get a fever because their body is trying to punish the infectious evil virus or bacteria. Infection affects physical health, mental health, and spiritual growth. Humans should take precautions to reduce their chances of being infected or spreading diseases.

Two parasitic bacteria, Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis, can cause leprosy. Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) narrated, “The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: ‘There is no ‘Adwa (contagion, disease transmission naturally by itself not by the Decree of Allah), nor is there any Tiyarah (evil omen), nor is there any Hamah (pre-Islamic superstitious belief that the bones of a dead person turn into an owl), nor is there Safar (the month of Safar was believed to bring bad luck during Jahiliyyah), and run away from the leper as you would run away from a lion.’” [Related by Al-Bukhari in his Sahih Book of Hadith, Kitab Al-Tibb]. This hadith recommends staying away from those who have contagious diseases, even though parasites or harmful animals (lions) cannot harm anyone without the command of Allah. Narrated by Abu Hurairah, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: “A man with sick camels should not let them graze or drink alongside healthy ones.” Sea bathing daily and drinking a pint of saltwater each morning can be beneficial for treating leprosy.

Bloating:

Bloating could be a warning sign of an infection or inflammation. A hadith of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) identified bad bacteria as the cause of excessive farting, bloating, or gases. The Prophet (PBUH) mentioned: “Satan farts when he hears the call to prayer” (It is a sign of early morning flatulence problems). Abu Sufyan reported it on the authority of Jabir that he had heard the Apostle of Allah say: “When Satan hears the call to prayer, he runs away to a distance like that of Rauha”. Sulaiman said: “I asked him about Rauha.” He replied, “It is at a distance of 36 miles from Medina.”

Excessive flatulence and bloating might trigger mood changes such as blaming others, ungratefulness, anxiety, stress, etc. The Prophet (PBUH) told us to avoid foods that cause bloating and gut discomfort. He said: “Whoever eats onions, garlic, or leeks should not approach our mosque, for the angels are offended by whatever (bad odor/smelly farts) offends the children of Adam.” Watch your fiber intake and avoid fatty foods. Some foods help digestion and decrease bloating such as figs, honey, etc.

Satanborne Illnesses:

Bacterial contamination occurs when bacteria multiply on food and cause it to spoil. Foodborne, meatborne, or waterborne illnesses result from eating contaminated, spoiled, or toxic food, meat, or water. Infectious microorganisms or their toxins are common causes of food poisoning. Bacteria grow on food and continue to grow in your intestines after you eat them. Allah teaches us to avoid contaminated, spoiled, or toxic food or water sources: “O you who believe, do not follow the footsteps of Satan…” To prevent food poisoning, follow steps such as washing hands, cleaning kitchen surfaces before, during, and after preparing food, cleaning fruits and vegetables before eating or cooking, monitoring food temperature, eating cooked meat and clean food, and storing leftovers properly.

Dates have antibacterial properties, and fighting off some illnesses with Ajwa dates is recommended. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “One who takes seven Ajwa dates in the morning remains under the protection of Allah from magic and poison (toxins, infections) for the whole day.” (Bukhari) So, seven dates a day keeps the doctor away! You should defend yourselves from the hellfire (diseases and sufferings caused by evil fiery microorganisms) even with a piece of date.

Cancer:

Harmful microbes might cause the cells to grow out of control or mutation in the DNA of white blood cells. Researchers found that several infectious agents can lead to cancer and tumor. For example, the human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cervical cancer; hepatitis C can lead to liver cancer; Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) spread through bodily fluids increases the risk of Burkitt lymphoma. Several viruses have been related to the etiology of brain tumors, including cytomegalovirus (CMV), roseolovirus, John Cunningham Virus; and others. Also, evil microbes have been linked to neurointestinal, metabolic, neurologic, and psychiatric problems. Controlling undesirable behavior and unhealthy lifestyles (e.g., alcohol consumption, smoking tobacco) can dramatically decrease the risk of cancer. Recent research has shown that intermittent fasting from dawn to sunset for four consecutive weeks induces anticancer serum proteome response and improves metabolic syndrome.

Heart Disease:

Nowadays, the leading cause of death is heart disease. Researchers have found that endotoxins derived from the Escherichia coli bacterium could enter the bloodstream and trigger the formation of blood clots in coronary arteries, leading to a heart attack. In most cases, disbelievers and hypocrites who do not follow healthy lifestyles and right path according to the guidelines of Allah and His messengers have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease, heart failure, plaque buildup in arteries, stroke, and heart attack. This implies that heart disease, stroke, obesity, and type 2 diabetes are associated with the personality types, traits, and lifestyle choices of disbelievers and hypocrites, such as insufficient spiritual prayer, physical inactivity, a poor diet, alcohol consumption, overconsumption, lying, cheating, stress, ungratefulness, smoking, and unhealthy habits.

Someone who is impatient, aggressive, arrogant, and excessively competitive in worldly pursuits is more likely to face early death or heart disease. If you have too many buying and storing habits, you can also get sick from inhaling harmful microorganisms from the surface of the unclean surfaces of your furniture or belongings. Therefore, overconsumption and disobedience to the commands of Allah corrupt one’s heart. “Woe to every scorner and mocker who collects (stores) wealth (that assists the growth of harmful microbes) and (continuously) counts it. He thinks that his wealth will make him immortal. No! He will surely be thrown into the Crusher. And what can make you know what is the Crusher? It is the fire (stubborn Jinn) of Allah, fueled, which mounts directed at the hearts.” [Quran 104:1–7] “And al-muttaqun (the pious and righteous) will be far removed from it (hell). he who spends his wealth for increase in self-purification. and who has (in mind) no favor from anyone to be paid back. except to seek the countenance of his rubb, the Most High. he surely, will be pleased (when he will enter jannah).’’ [92:17–21]

The Quran identifies some signs of heart-related diseases: “Will they not ponder the Quran? Or are there locks upon their hearts?” (47:24). This verse indicates that oxidized cholesterol clogs the arteries and causes heart disease. “Locks upon their hearts” means something is blocking access to their hearts. “Not at all. Their hearts have become rusted (something oxidized) by what they used to earn (from their unhealthy eating habits and unclean lifestyle).” [Quran 83:14]. Heart-related issues can affect one’s judgment and reasoning ability. The Quran mentions: “Have they not, then, traveled on earth so that they should have had hearts to understand with, or ears to listen with? The fact is that it is not the eyes that turn blind, but what turns blind is the hearts contained in the chests.” (Surah Al-Hajj, 46) Without judgments in regards to what is ethically right and wrong, one’s soul cannot be enlightened.

“But those who reject (to follow) Our verses (beneficial teachings) are deaf and dumb within darknesses. Whomever Allah wills — He leaves astray, and whomever He wills — He puts him on a straight path (right lifestyle).” [6:39] This verse indicates that rejecting the lifestyle that Allah has chosen for mankind may lead to cognitive problems, hearing and vision loss, which could be signs of cardiovascular disease. “…They have hearts with which they do not understand; they have eyes with which they do not see, and they have ears with which they do not hear. Those are like livestock; rather, they are more astray. It is they who are heedless.” (Quran 7:179) Disobedient people with heart diseases might experience cognitive decline, have animal-like intelligence and cognition (in the terms of thinking, gaining knowledge, judging, reasoning, and problem-solving).

As the chosen authority of Allah, you need to protect every organ in your body. But the Prophet (PBUH) identified the most important part of our body: “Beware, in the body, there is a piece of flesh; if it is sound, the whole body is sound and if it is corrupt the whole body is corrupt, and hearken it is the heart.” (Sahih Muslim) Satan is afraid of pure hearts and truthful tongues. When the Prophet (PBUH) was asked who was the most excellent, he replied: “Everyone whose heart is clear of pollution (makhmum al-qalb) and whose tongue is truthful.” On being told by his companions that they understood “whose tongue is truthful,” but not makhmum al-qalb (the heart clear of pollution), he replied:” The pure heart is one with no deceit, extremism, treachery, iniquity and envy.” [Ibn Majah]

When the heart becomes enlightened, Allah inspires it with various knowledge and guidance and grants intuition. Imam Tirmidhi reported, the Prophet (PBUH) said:” Fear the intuition of a believer because he sees with the light of Allah.” As a hadith by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) concerning the day of judgment says: “Verily Allah does not look to your faces and your wealth but He looks to your heart (conditions) and your actions.” The only way to enter Paradise is to have a healthy and pure heart. The Quran mentions: “But only he (will prosper) who brings to Allah a sound (disease-free) heart.” [26:89]

What are the strategies to prevent heart disease? To cultivate wisdom, your character begins to develop at the dining table. Choose the right foods and lifestyle to keep your heart healthy and to be wise. The “Gut and Heart Healthy Prophetic Diet” is the right eating plan to help lower blood pressure and cholesterol. Fasting not only helps balance the gut but also purifies the heart, offering an effective treatment for various diseases and disorders. Regular physical activity aids in reducing blood pressure and preventing heart attacks. Prayer (Salat) is both an aerobic and stretching exercise and a spiritual activity that improves heart function and strengthens muscles when performed correctly with the right postures. According to Yahyaa ibn Mu’aadh, the medicine for the heart consists of five things: reading the Quran and pondering its meaning, maintaining an empty stomach through fasting (to balance gut bacteria), praying at night (physical and spiritual activities in qiyaam al-layl), beseeching Allah at suhoor, and keeping company with righteous people who follow a healthy and clean lifestyle. We should guard our hearts with the remembrance of Allah because when we rely upon Him, our hearts become stress-free and find rest.

Individuals are responsible for their own lives and health. Abu Hurairah (RA) narrates that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “The first thing for which a person will be brought to account on the Day of Judgment will be his Salat (physical activities with spiritual prayer). If it is found to be complete, then it will be recorded as complete. If anything is lacking, He will say, ‘Look and see if you can find any voluntary prayers with which to complete what he neglected of his obligatory prayers.’ Then the rest of his deeds will be reckoned in like manner.” Future studies may explore whether the prayer interactions or time-cycles of Muslims work as defense strategies against pathogen attacks or not.

Researchers from the University of California in San Diego found that patients who were the most grateful slept better, were less depressed, had less fatigue, and were more self-confident. A grateful heart is also the secret to a healthy heart. The Quran reminds us to be thankful: “Listen, the hearts find peace only in the remembrance of Allah.” (13:28) “…Anyone who is grateful does so to the benefit of his own soul…” (31:12) Thawban reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “The best wealth is a tongue that remembers Allah, a grateful heart, and a believing wife to help one in his faith.” (Sunan al-Tirmidhi)

Other Diseases & Disorders:

Most health-related problems and disorders develop as a direct or indirect result of an imbalanced ecosystem within the body caused by an overgrowth of bacterial species. An imbalance of gut bacteria is known as gut dysbiosis, which involves the loss of beneficial microbial signals and an expansion of pathogenic microbes (pathobionts). Dysbiosis and diseases typically occur when people neglect and reject the beneficial teachings of Allah and His messengers, such as fasting, wudu (good hygiene practices), consuming in moderation, eating healthy and lawful foods, speaking less, wearing protective and clean clothing and coverings, engaging in spiritual prayer (supplication), participating in physical activities, maintaining cleanliness, and fostering good relations with family members and blood relatives.

Stubborn bacteria can exist at low levels in your body without causing harm when you promote good bacteria in your diet. But if people allow disease-causing bacteria to flourish and eliminate good bacteria, people experience diseases and sickness. For example, the imbalances in the gut microbiome consist of the bacteria, microorganisms, fungi, and viruses present in the gastrointestinal tract, which can play a role in allergic conditions, food cravings, unintentional weight changes, and stomach discomfort. Too many harmful gut bacteria are blamed for hormonal changes, inflammation, and other psychological problems. If you want to control diseases and illnesses, you need to keep harmful microspecies under control and keep yourself safe from Satan (as much as you can).

Aging and Death:

Even microbes impact how your body and brain age. Researchers found that aging is linked with changes in bacterial populations. Older people had more bacteria from the families Enterococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and genus Bacteroides that can cause disease in humans. The effects of aging on the cardiovascular system, bones, joints, muscles, bladder, and urinary tract, vision and hearing, memory, and skin might be caused by inner microbes. In Surah Maryam 19:2–4, it was mentioned, “This is a reminder of your Lord’s mercy to His servant Zachariah when he cried out to his Lord privately. He said, ‘My Lord, indeed my bones have weakened, and my head is filled with white (grey), but I have never been disappointed in my prayer to You, my Lord!’” Allah commanded Prophet Zachariah (PBUH) to guard his mouth (e.g., talking less, fasting) for a few days. This verse indicates that guarding one’s mouth may help reverse cellular aging-related problems, if Allah wills.

The Quran mentions: “Allah has created you, and then He causes you to die. Some of you have your lives prolonged to an abject old age when one loses all knowledge after having acquired it. Allah is All-Knowing, All-Powerful.” (16:70) In this sense, aging can be classified as a disease caused by the influence of Satan, directly or indirectly. In a hadith, Prophet Muhammad classified death as an incurable disease. He said: “The black seed can heal every disease except death.” Life expectancy might also be linked with the balance of bacterial populations in the body. The Quran states: “Allah created death and life to test which one of you is best in deeds (and who can protect their life against Satan).” (67:2) Bad microbes increase the frequency of cancer and heart-related diseases (premature death) and decrease life expectancy. If there are no harmful microbes in this world, there will be no death and disaster.

Righteousness is holiness (uninfected individuals with pure hearts), which can be achieved by salah (therapeutic exercise), doing intermittent fasting, following a healthy diet (consuming clean and lawful food), good hygiene, a healthy lifestyle, keeping ties with relatives and believers, and guarding yourself against the invisible evil forces according to Allah and His messengers. These activities are also associated with a longer lifespan. Thawban reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “The span of life is not increased but by righteousness (healthy lifestyles, physical activity, fasting), and the divine decree is not repelled but by supplication. Verily, a man is deprived of provision due to the sins he commits.” (Sunan Ibn Majah)

Today, researchers believe that age can be reversible using age-reversing techniques. As the Quran mentions, “And he to whom We grant long life We reverse in creation; so, will they not understand?” (36:68) It is reported in a hadith that when the angel of death came to Prophet Musa (PBUH), Prophet Musa slapped him in the eye. The angel returned to Allah and told him that Moses did not want to die. Allah told the angel to return and tell him to put his hand on the back of an ox, and for every hair that came under his hand, he would be granted a year of life. When Moses asked God, what would happen after the granted time, God informed him that he would die after the period. Moses, therefore, requested God for death at his current age near the Promised Land “at a distance of a stone’s throw from it.” (Sahih Bukhari) This hadith indicates that a certain ox might have a special bacterial cell or cellular/genetic material that might assist in reversing human age using genome-editing technology. Prophet Musa (PBUH), who was granted advanced knowledge, realized the purpose of life is not achieving immortality in this world.

The world seems to be a wonderful place outwardly. In reality, the world is a filthy place, full of disease and disaster-causing invisible enemies. ‘The life of this world is nothing but the enjoyment of deception’ (Quran 3:185). ‘And indeed, the Hereafter is better for you than the present’ (93:04). As we know, during the time of Prophet Nuh (PBUH), people lived for more than 900 years, but without faith in Allah, their longer life did not fulfill the purpose of their existence. While age-reversal techniques might temporarily address mortality issues for a certain period, potentially extending life for thousands of years or slowing down the aging process, they do not guarantee immortality forever. This is because our world is replete with invisible enemies, including disease and disaster-causing bacteria and viruses. The Quran emphasizes that humans are designed to experience mortality and their own eventual destruction: ‘And We granted not to any human being immortality before you, then if you die, would they live forever?’ (21:34). ‘Every soul will taste death. Then to Us will you be returned’ (29:57).

Addiction:

Addiction’s root cause lies in ignorance, enslavement to desires, and succumbing to the influence of Satan. Compulsion involves a persistent need or desire to engage in a particular action repetitively. Addiction, however, extends beyond compulsion, as it involves actively seeking pleasure and satisfaction by acting on compulsions, such as through substance abuse (e.g., drugs, alcohol), excessive gambling, or other destructive behaviors.

Harmful microbes might mimic dopamine (the pleasure chemical) that has been linked to various addictions, temptations, and obsessions over harmful activities leading mankind astray. Examples include overconsumption, compulsive shopping and spending behavior, alcohol and drug addiction, gambling, sex addiction, internet addiction, video game addiction, and food addiction. The Quran warns mankind: “O you who believe! Intoxicants and gambling, the dedication of stones, and divination by arrows, are an abomination of Satan’s handiwork. Avoid such abomination that you may prosper” (5:90). Parasitic infection and gut microbiome alterations are possible contributors to aggravate addictive behavior and severe craving. Prefrontal brain stimulation (prostration during prayer) might help control food addiction and cravings. Researchers found that people who had one or more alcoholic drinks a day had more harmful bacteria in their mouths than nondrinkers. However, the microbiomes (e.g., gut bacteria) may influence the varying stages of addiction recovery. Interestingly, bad gut bacteria can cause individuals to become drunk or intoxicated without consuming any alcohol, a condition known as auto-brewery syndrome. Bacteria can produce alcohol, leading to the development of fatty liver disease.

An excess of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract can produce hormones influencing people to engage in more sexual activity. To avoid sexual immorality, Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) said, “O young people! Whoever among you can marry should marry because it helps him lower his gaze and guard his modesty (i.e., his private parts from committing illegal sexual intercourse, etc.), and whoever is not able to marry should fast, as fasting diminishes his sexual desire.” Fasting can be used as a therapy in addiction treatment and recovery. When seeking to change oneself, repent, and submit to God, one may engage in repetitive acts of goodness. For instance, when an addict feels the urge to take drugs, they may opt to eat dates as a healthier alternative.

Delusion and Distortion:

Everything in the world is temporary; we are going to die, and most people alive today will be dead within the next few years. “The life of this world is merely the enjoyment of delusion” (3:185). Today, many people believe that becoming successful means adopting a materialistic lifestyle. However, Adhan teaches that true success comes from connecting with God through prayer and daily tasks.

The Quran identifies excessive love for this world as a delusional disorder. These delusions involve mistaken perceptions or experiences of the reality of the world. Bad microbes (e.g., parasites) contribute to delusion and obsession, leading to a crazy love for life. The Quran mentions that Satan makes promises, threatens, and arouses desires: “Satan promises them and arouses (triggers) desire in them. But Satan does not promise them except delusion” (4:120). “Shaitan (Satan) threatens (triggers) you with poverty (financial stress, anxiety) and orders you to commit evil deeds (stealing, fraudulent activity, deception, loans with interest, sins/crimes); whereas Allah promises you forgiveness from Himself and bounty, and Allah is All-Sufficient for His creatures’ needs, All-Knowing” (Quran, 2:268).

Unhealthy competition contributes significantly to various detrimental consequences on mental health. Competing solely for materialistic gains is associated with extreme debt levels, diminished self-actualization, unhappiness, heightened anxiety, and premature death. Surah At-Takathur (verse 1–2) underscores this, stating that the relentless pursuit of worldly possessions diverts individuals from their ultimate destination until they reach the grave.

The inner devils always tempt people with worldly materials, keeping them preoccupied with this temporary world to mislead them from the right path leading to the ultimate peaceful place, “Heaven.” Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “Verily, among what I fear most for you are seductive temptations in your stomachs (gut) and passions, and the misguidance of whims” [Musnad Aḥmad]

Too much love (addiction) for worldly wealth and matters causes stress, depression, and ungratefulness, which may increase the risk of heart diseases and cognitive impairment. The Quran mentions that poor decision-making and judgment problems can be consequences of the effects of Satan: “(On the Day of Judgement), those who benefit from interest shall be raised like those who have been driven to madness by the touch of Satan; this is because they say: ‘Trade is like interest,’ while God has permitted trade and forbidden interest. Hence, those who have received the admonition from their Lord and desist may keep their previous gains, their case being entrusted to God; but those who revert shall be the inhabitants of the fire and abide therein forever” (275). This verse indicates that Satan affects cognitive functioning (thinking and reasoning abilities). People who have developed cognition problems due to the effects of evil microbes can’t differentiate between right and wrong.

Also, Satan influence distorted thinking or inaccurate thoughts. The left hand of a believer shouldn’t know what his right hand is doing, especially concerning good deeds such as donating wealth. This is because if Satan knows your good intention, he will try to distort it. “Indeed, Satan, to man, is a manifest enemy.” (12:5) Satan may insert arrogance, pride, riya (showing off), etc., causing you to lose the reward from Allah.

The Prophet (PBUH) says: ‘Satan flows inside people like blood; I feared maybe he put bad thoughts in your minds about me.’ The Quran mentions: “A group [of you] He guided, and a group deserved [to be in] error. Indeed, they had taken the devils as allies instead of Allah while they thought that they were guided” (7:30). Impaired insight and cognitive problems might cause difficulties in accurately perceiving, interpreting, and understanding. To avoid misinterpretation of the Quranic verses and inaccurate thoughts about the Quran, Allah teaches mankind: “And of the people is he who disputes about Allah without knowledge and follows (the whispers of) every rebellious devil” [22:3]. “So, when you recite the Quran, [first] seek refuge in Allah from Satan, the expelled [from His mercy]” (16:98).

Doubt and Confusion:

Doubt and confusion are common symptoms in many patients with mental disorders, including OCD. A hadith indicates that Satan will come with doubts, and we need to seek refuge in Allah when doubts arise. For example, Abu Huraira reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Satan will come to one of you and he will say, ‘Who created this and that?’ until he says to him, ‘Who created your Lord?’ When it comes to this, let him seek refuge in Allah and stop such thoughts.” In another narration, the Prophet said, “Let him say (confidently): I have faith in Allah” [Ṣaḥiḥ al-Bukhari]. “Ask, ‘Shall we invoke instead of Allah that which neither benefits us nor harms us and be turned back on our heels after Allah has guided us? [We would then be] like one whom Satan enticed [to wander] upon the earth confused, [while] he has companions inviting him to guidance, [calling], ‘Come to us.’” Say, “Indeed, the guidance of Allah is the [only] guidance; and we have been commanded to submit to the Lord of the worlds” (6:71).

People infected with Satan may struggle with intrusive and negative thoughts about the Creator and others. Satan influences the human body and mind in such a way that a person with weak faith can easily lose his faith due to doubt and confusion and may suffer from personal problems such as divorce. Both men and women infected by parasite infection are found to be less likely to marry or have higher rates of divorce. It is mentioned in the Quran: “The party of Iblis will attack only those who do not follow the path (right lifestyle).” To protect ourselves from the attacks of devils, we should follow the path or lifestyle shown by the messengers of Allah, which is the way to resist the devils inside the body and outside, such as frequent fasting, regular exercise, regular prayers, talking less, living a clean life, avoiding negative thoughts, keeping ties with relatives, etc.

Forgetfulness:

The Quran and Hadith indicate that Satan negatively impacts one’s short-term and long-term memory. The Quran mentions: “…If the devil causes you to forget, then, as soon as you remember, do not sit with such evil people (who are infected with Satan)” [6:68]. In the Quran, the story of Prophet Musa (PBUH) is mentioned where he forgot to do specific tasks after eating his meal and accused Satan as the cause of his forgetfulness. Allah mentions, “But when they reached the point where the two rivers meet, they forgot their fish, and it took its way into the sea, as if through a tunnel. When they had journeyed further on, Musa said to his servant: ‘Bring us our meal. We are surely fatigued by today’s journey.’ The servant said: ‘Did you see what happened? When we be taking ourselves to the rock to take rest, I forgot the fish, and it was only Satan who caused me to forget to mention it to you so that it made its way into the sea in a strange manner” (Surah 18: 61–63). This verse indicates that bad gut bacteria may cause temporary memory loss.

Recent studies have also found that decreases in good bacteria in gums and increases in bad bacteria (imbalance in gum bacteria) are linked to Alzheimer’s Disease. Several microbes have been proposed as triggers of Alzheimer’s and dementia, including human herpesviruses and bacteria: Chlamydia pneumoniae, a cause of lung infections; Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, and chronic gum disease caused by Spirochete bacteria. Therefore, preventing and treating infections might prevent these diseases.

Phobia:

In order to test the children of Adam, the Creator gives us some feelings like fear, anger, sadness, etc. However, as emotionally intelligent individuals, people need to learn when and where to use their emotions. For example, fear of Allah can assist believers in achieving moral values. Fear response is a normal reaction to a threat, while a phobia can be a disorder that involves unrealistic and intense anxiety. Researchers found evidence that bad microbes can influence the fear responses of their hosts by releasing compounds that affect the brain’s neuroanatomy and function. Fear also weakens our immune system and can cause gastrointestinal problems and cardiovascular damage. The response to unreasonable fear prevents people from doing good deeds, such as fear of poverty keeping you from donating and giving charity. Some people get involved in theft, bribery, usury, deception, and other sins for fear of future poverty. It is mentioned in the Quran: “Satan threatens you with poverty and orders you to immorality, while Allah promises you forgiveness from Him and bounty. And Allah is all-Encompassing and Knowing” (Surah al-Baqara, 268). The Quran encourages mankind to overcome unreasonable fears: “It is none but Satan who frightens (you) of his friends. So, do not fear them; but fear Me if you are believers” [3:175].

Anger:

Bacterial, parasitic, or viral infections can cause outbursts of anger. “Anger comes from the devil, the devil was created of fire, and fire is extinguished only by water; so, when one of you becomes angry, he should perform ablution (cleansing the portals that are the entrance for harmful bacteria and germs)” [Abu Dawood]. Also, an overgrowth of bad gut bacteria can trigger anger, especially after eating. According to research, when the number of bad bacteria in the human gut increases, gut bacteria send signals of anger, frustration, depression, etc. to the human brain. That is why the Hadith emphasizes the importance of food digestion (fixing your gut) and modifying gut microbiota through physical activity to manage anger. The Prophet (PBUH) said, “When one of you is angry if he is standing, let him sit down. If the anger goes away. And if he does not go, he will lie down (physical movement)” [Abu Dawood].

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, gas, or constipation of irritable bowel syndrome can irritate more than your gut and mind. Anger induces crimes, violence, and murders. The Prophet (PBUH) said: “Shall I tell you who is the toughest and strongest among you? The one who controls himself when he is angry” (Bukhari). The Prophet (PBUH) said, after seeing two people angry at one another: “I know a word that, if he were to say it, what he feels would go away; he needs to say ‘I seek refuge with Allah from the accursed Shaytaan,’ and all his anger would go away” (Sahih Bukhari). “If anyone of you becomes angry, let him keep silent” (Al-Musnad). Anger induces crimes, violence, and murders. Before receiving enlightened knowledge, Prophet Musa killed a man unintentionally out of anger. After gaining enlightened knowledge, he promised that he would no longer be an assistant to the oppressors (Satan). The Prophet (PBUH) said, “Whoever restrains his anger when he is able to implement it, Allah will call him before all of creation on the Day of Resurrection, and will give him his choice of any houri that he wants.” (Sunan Ibn Majah).

Attention:

People may suffer from attention deficit disorder due to the effects of harmful bacteria. Even Satan steals from an unmindful prayer. Aisha reported: I asked the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) about fidgeting during prayer. The Prophet said, “It is theft by which Satan steals from the prayer of a servant” (Ṣaḥiḥ al-Bukhari). Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “When the call to prayer is announced, the devil takes to his heels and breaks wind with noise so as not to hear the call. When the call to prayer is over, he returns. When the Iqamah is announced, he takes to his heels, and after it is over, he returns again to distract the attention of the worshiper and make him remember things which were not on his mind before the prayer, saying: ‘Remember such-and-such, and remember such-and-such,’ until the worshiper forgets how many units of prayer he performed.” [Al-Bukhari and Muslim]

Due to inattentiveness, distractions, haste, recklessness, and quickness, various accidents happen like sudden car accidents, falling from the hill while taking a selfie, etc. In different hadiths, Satan has been blamed for human inattention, haste, and recklessness. Anas ibn Malik reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Deliberation is from Allah and recklessness is from Satan” (al-Sunan al-Kubra). He prophesied that at the end time, “sudden death will be increased,” whether by accident or a heart attack, both can be associated with Satan. When dangerous microbes rule your body and mind, they affect your memory, awareness, concentration, consciousness, and attention. “None of you should point a weapon at his brother. Verily, he does not know if Satan will cause his hand to slip, and thus he falls into a pit of fire” (Ṣaḥiḥ al-Bukhari).

Nightmares:

Both healthy people and those with psychotic disorders sometimes hear and see things that aren’t there. These experiences are known as auditory and visual hallucinations. Researchers have found evidence that our gut bacteria may be related to schizophrenia and mental health problems (insanity, auditory and visual hallucinations). Vision and dreams are secret communication mediums. Inner bad bacteria are the real monsters who might send signals (brain waves) to the prefrontal lobe (forelock or brain cells) during sleep. Activation of the frontal lobe has been shown to increase vivid dreams or nightmares in patients who have already been attacked by evil microbes.

Good dreams or visions come from angels, and bad dreams come from Satan. The Quran mentions the story of the dream of Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) in which he saw the command to sacrifice his son: “And when he reached with him [the age of] exertion, he said, ‘O my son, indeed I have seen in a dream that I [must] sacrifice you, so see what you think.’ He said, ‘O my father, do as you are commanded. You will find me, if Allah wills, of the steadfast.’ [37:102] Later Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) learned that sacrificing his son was not, in the end, the thing that Allah (SWT) wanted. As Ibrahim (AS) began to carry the sacrifice, Allah (SWT) replaced Ismail with a ram, and Ismail (AS) was unharmed. Here Allah’s teachings for Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) were that Allah does not want to shed blood on innocent human beings; rather, he admonishes the sacrifice of lawful animals in His name, whose meat He provides for us to survive and distribute to those who don’t get enough protein.

If the dream (nightmare) comes from Satan, then it is a test for people, and if the insightful dream comes from Allah, then it is a lesson. Prophet Yusuf (PBUH) saw a dream that carries a message of his future leadership: “When Joseph said to his father, ‘O my father, indeed I have seen [in a dream] eleven stars and the sun and the moon; I saw them prostrating to me.’” (Surah Yusuf Verse, 4) This dream demonstrates that the angels who are charged in the sky submit to the command of their Creator and submit themselves to Allah’s chosen authority (Prophet Yusuf) on the earth. His dreams increased faith and aided Prophet Yusuf (PBUH) to remain patient in his struggles. The father of Prophet Yusuf (PBUH) said, “O my son, do not relate your vision to your brothers, or they will contrive against you a plan. Indeed Satan, to man, is a manifest enemy.” [Quran: 12:5] Here, the wise father of Prophet Yusuf (PBUH) taught his son not to share good dreams with anyone except those who do not have expertise. Because if Satan hears good news about Allah’s guided servant, they might plot a plan to destroy him in order to make him unsuccessful. Satan whispered to the brothers of Prophet Yusuf (PBUH) to kill him. Yusuf’s brothers plotted to kill him and later decided to throw Yusuf down a well. Later, Prophet Yusuf (PBUH) forgave his brothers who were misguided by Satan. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) also suggested to us: “None amongst you should narrate the vain sporting of the devil with him in the dream.” This hadith indicates that inner monsters inside us can manipulate our thoughts.

Usually, when our body experiences fever, sickness, or infection caused by evil organisms, we are more likely to experience nightmares. For example, malaria patients might see vivid, scary dreams. The Prophet (PBUH) also said: ‘A good vision is from Allah, and a bad dream (nightmare) is from Satan; so, if one of you sees anything (in a dream which he dislikes), he should spit on his left side thrice and seek refuge with Allah from its evil, and then it will never harm him’ (Sahih al-Bukhari). Why did Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) spit on his left side? Another hadith in Sahih Muslim also mentions that spitting to your left three times stops the interference of Satan. The power of the saliva of the Prophet and ours may not be the same. But generally, saliva is our body’s defense against bacteria in our mouth. The saliva of a healthy believer who promotes good bacteria in their diet and with healthy habits is rich with effectors that exert direct antimicrobial activities.

Narrated Jabir bin ‘Abdullah: …So I came (to my house) and Allah’s Apostle too, came, proceeding before the people. When I came to my wife, she said, “May Allah do so-and-so to you.” I said, “I have told the Prophet of what you said.” Then she brought out to him (i.e. the Prophet) the dough, and he spat in it and invoked for Allah’s Blessings in it. Then he proceeded towards our earthenware meat-pot and spat in it and invoked for Allah’s Blessings in it. [Sahih al-Bukhari]

Ali (RA) reported that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “When a person uses a miswak (to clean his teeth) and then stands up to offer Salah (prayer with cleanliness), an angel stands behind him and listens to his recital. The Angel then comes closer and places its mouth on this person’s mouth. Whatever this person recites then enters the angel’s stomach. So, clean your mouth when reciting the Quran” (Musnad Bazzar). Before eating, when a healthy believer says “Bismillah” in front of his plate, beneficial agents might transfer through his tiny speech droplet onto his plate. The Prophet would say while eating, “Verily, you do not know in which portion of your food the blessing lies.” Your saliva is different from your partner’s saliva. However, unhealthy individuals and people with poor hygiene habits can spread diseases through saliva. It is better to avoid unnecessary talking (and thus spreading speech or oral fluid droplets) when eating with others. He said: “One who keeps silent saves himself.”

Psychological Problems and Personality Disorders:

Being possessed by demons or evil spirits is the oldest way of explaining mental disorders. Some victims who are possessed by demons gain the ability to speak unknown languages or the knowledge of things unknown. Who are these monsters hidden inside us? To me, these deadly cunning creatures are armies of evil microbes (e.g., parasites) that cause inflammation, invade the brain, and affect mental health. This Satan might change/alter one’s personality and insert Iblis’s negative characteristics, neuropsychiatric disorders, and behavioral problems via infections and illnesses such as aggression, rage, irritability, hyperactivity, inattentiveness, recklessness, madness, transgressive or risky behavior, insensitivity to others’ feelings, impatience, selfishness, violence, confusion, lack of self-control, addiction, vengefulness, delusion, manipulativeness, hatefulness, obsession, blaming others, compulsive talking, etc. These negative personality traits (that lead to hell) might also be associated with many personality disorders, psychosexual disorders, and psychological disorders such as hyperactivity disorder, antisocial personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, paranoid personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, chronic brain disorder, etc. Several studies indicate that negative personality traits may contribute to criminality such as psychopathy, impulsivity, low self-control, difficult temperament, aggression, and narcissism.

The Quran identified some personality and psychological disorders. For example, people who are quick to argue (quarrelsome people) can be identified as “sick” (affected by Satan): “…And indeed do the devils inspire their allies [among men through chemical signal or waswas] to dispute with you. And if you were to obey them, indeed, you would be associators [of others with Him].” (6:121) “But Satan wishes to lead them far astray (from the right path to go to Heaven).” [4: 60] (Manipulative) Satan says: “And I will mislead mankind, and I will arouse in them [sinful] desires” (Quran 4:119). This verse indicates that people who are infected with Satan have an overwhelming desire for harmful activities. People with neurocognitive problems (e.g., dementia) who are infected by Satan swear and speak foul language. Parasitic infections are one of the main causes of unusual behaviors and intellectual disabilities in victims. Also, some parasites or hookworms (Necator americanus) cause mental fogginess and laziness. “O Allah, I seek refuge in you from disability and laziness.”

The Quran identifies that usury is a psychological compulsion driven by the desire to gain excessive material or financial wealth. “But those who take usury will rise up on the Day of Resurrection like someone tormented by Satan’s touch. That is because they (people with cognitive function or reasoning problems) say, ‘Trade and usury are the same,’ (because they are unable to distinguish the difference between what’s right and wrong) but God has allowed trade and forbidden usury. Whoever, on receiving God’s warning, stops taking usury may keep his past gains- God will be his judge- but whoever goes back to usury will be an inhabitant of the Fire, there to remain.” [2:275]

Superiority complex and arrogance might be linked to personality disorders and mental health problems that are caused by Satan: Abdullah ibn Amr reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “The arrogant will be gathered on the Day of Resurrection as tiny particles (soul) in the form of men. Disgrace will be cast over them from every direction. They will be dragged to a prison in Hell named Balus, to be submerged in the fire of all fires, drinking the bile of the people of Hellfire and driving them into madness (psychological illness).” (Sunan al-Tirmidhi) An unhealthy psychological state influenced by Satan can be linked to ungratefulness. For example, people with compulsive buying and storage behavior are not satisfied with their life and materials. As Satan promised: “…You (Allah) will find most of the children of Adam ungrateful.” [Al-Araf, 17]

Many people believe that jinn can possess human beings. Parasitic diseases caused by invisible invaders of the nervous system and brain can lead to bizarre behavior in victims. Parasites may alter the DNA methylation profile of their hosts, change behavior, and increase testosterone levels, potentially leading to heightened aggression and dominance. Sometimes, the victims of these evil species become attracted to life-risking activities. Additionally, an infection caused by ingesting tapeworm eggs (Taenia solium) can result in cysts and neurocysticercosis (epilepsy). Some irresponsible people infected by Satan destroy and damage the environment and other creations of Allah carelessly.

Satan may alter gene expression during chronic infections and illnesses. It may be possible that repeated chronic infections in children may increase the risk of later forms of antisocial or criminal behavior. Future researchers may explore whether certain dietary patterns and long-term bacterial and viral infections in childhood could potentially influence personality changes in children and individuals identifying as homosexual. Follow your guidelines (the Quran) strictly to avoid being exposed to Satan. The Quran mentions: “And Allah will never lead a people astray after He has guided them until He makes clear to them as to what they should avoid. Verily, Allah is the All-Knower of everything.” (9: 115) “And recite to them the story of him to whom We gave Our Ayat (guidelines for a healthy lifestyle and infection prevention), but he threw them away; so, Satan followed him up, and he became one of those who went astray.” [7:175].

Say: “I have been forbidden to worship those whom you invoke besides Allah.” Say: “I will not follow your vain desires. If I did, I would go astray, and I would not be one of the rightly guided.” (Al Anam, 56). “Our Lord! Let not our hearts deviate (from the truth) after You have guided us, and grant us mercy from You. Truly, You are the Bestower.” [Quran 3:8] For everything, there is a polish, and the polish for the hearts is the remembrance of Allah (following His commands). There is nothing more potent in saving a person from the punishment of Allah than the remembrance of Allah. [al-Jami] “Whoever, forsaking Allah, takes Satan for a friend, hath of a surety suffered a loss that is manifest.” (4:119) “[This is a test] so that Allah may distinguish the wicked from the good and place the wicked some of them upon others and heap them all together and put them into Hell. It is those who are the losers.” (8:37)

“O Prophet! Have you not noticed that I have left the devils on the disbelievers (those who do not follow the way of life shown by Allah), they are constantly encouraging them (evil deeds)?” [Surah Maryam, 63] Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “Verily, among what I fear most for you are seductive temptations in your stomachs (gut) and passions, and the misguidance of whims (waswas).” [Musnad Aḥmad] Ibn al-Jawzi reported: Abu Bakr al-Warraq, may Allah have mercy on him, said, “The source of overpowering whims is approaching what is lusted. When whims overpower the heart, it will commit wrong. When the heart commits wrong, the chest will be tightened (this stressful moment can lead to increased muscle tension and heart rate). When the chest is tightened, the character will be bad. When a character is bad, the creation will hate him. When the creation hates him, he will hate them. When he hates them, he will be harsh with them. When he is harsh with them, he becomes an accursed devil.” [Dhamm al-Hawa].

Today many people are harboring the resting stages of Toxoplasma gondii in the cells of their brains which can alter their personality and cause mood disorders. Researchers have found that the Toxoplasma gondii parasite can cause anxiety, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, antisocial personality disorder, learning disabilities, vision changes, seizures, etc. Some of the greatest obstacles to self-growth and soul enlightenment are recklessness, disobedience, transgression, aggression, impatience, hatred, jealousy, unforgiveness, unreasonable fear, greed, debate, disunity, backbiting, spreading lies and gossip, compulsive talking, cursing, pride, arrogance, depression, dishonesty, ungratefulness, immoral sexual behavior, addiction, delusion, and other negative emotions. These traits are associated with the characteristics of the lower self (candidates of Hell) and diseases that lead people to a path of destruction.

In a Hadith narrated by Abdullah ibn Abbas (RA), it mentions, I seek refuge in the perfect words of Allah, from every devil and vermin and from every envious eye.” (Bukhari) The meaning of vermin (haammah) is lethally poisonous creatures and insects. Envious (laammah) causes harm because of jealousy (i.e., hasad). The Prophet (PBUH) said: “The evil eye is real and if anything were to overtake Qadr, it would have been the evil eye…”. To me, this hadith indicates that parasites and other bad microorganisms may induce changes in the DNA methylation profile of immune cells that can alter the factors in genes. These mini zombies can influence insolence, arrogance, accumulation of wealth, competition in worldly gains, mutual hatred, and envy in the host. Narrated by Abdullah ibn Abbas (RA), Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) said: “The influence of the evil eye is a fact. If anything were to precede the divine decree it would have been the influence of an evil eye. Therefore, when you are asked to take a bath (as a cure) from the influence of the evil eye, you should take a bath.’ (Sahih Muslim) Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) warned us: “Beware of jealousy, for verily, it destroys good deeds the way fire destroys (decays) wood.” [Abu Dawood]

Envy and jealousy contribute to stress and anger, closely tied to several illnesses such as elevated blood pressure, heart rate, adrenaline levels, weakened immunity, and anxiety. Someone in the grip of jealousy might suffer from heart-related diseases, even if they eat healthy food and are physically active. Narrated by Az-Zubayr ibn al-Awaam (RA), the Prophet (PBUH) said: “A disease has come to you from the nations before you: jealousy and hatred. This is the ‘shaver’ (destroyer); I do not say that it shaves hair but that it shaves (i.e., destroys) faith. By the One in Whose Hand is my soul, you will not enter Paradise until you believe, and you will not believe until you love one another. Shall I not tell you of that which will strengthen the love between you? Spread the greetings of peace amongst yourselves.” (Tirmidhi).

People with personality disorders exhibit distorted thinking and psychological problems. They may act impulsively or recklessly towards the commands of Allah. Also, one’s lower self (bad personality traits) influenced by Satan may increase the risk of heart disease. In many verses, the Quran describes signs of heart diseases associated with judgment ability and the lower self (negative personality traits): “Thus does Allah set a seal over the heart of every proud, haughty one.” “And We have cast veils over their hearts…” “Nay, but that which they have earned is rust upon their hearts.” Studies found out that anger, anxiety, depression, competition, and hostility were associated with cardiovascular diseases. Ibn Abbas said, “Virtuous deeds bring illuminations to the face and light to the heart, strength to the body, sufficiency in worldly provision and love to people’s hearts. Evil deeds bring shadows to the face, darkness to the heart, weakness to the body, deficiency in provision and enmity to people’s hearts.” The researchers found that more than twice as many people with Type A personalities are prone to heart-related diseases than Type B people (relaxed, patient personality).

“When the hypocrites (with a lower self) and those in whose hearts were diseases said: Their religion has deceived them; and whoever trusts in Allah, then surely Allah is Mighty, Wise.” (4:49) When Satan inserts negative traits and sinner behavior into one’s heart, his or her heart becomes sick. For example, the Quran mentions proud, arrogant, self-centered, egocentric, and narcissistic personality traits that occur due to the hardening of the arteries or thickened heart muscle: “Then why, when Our punishment came to them, did they not humble themselves? But their hearts became hardened, and Satan made attractive to them that which they were doing.” (6:43) Another verse mentions: “[That is] so He may make what Satan throws in a trial for those within whose hearts have a disease and those hard of heart. And indeed, the wrongdoers are in extreme dissension.” (22:53) Therefore, there is a link between negative personality traits and the risk of early death.

The Quran indicates compulsive sexual behavior is a sign of heart-related problems: “…If you (women) fear Allah, then do not speak in a very soft tone [to men], lest he in whose heart is a disease should covet, but speak with appropriate speech.” [33:32] The Quran also identified an unclean lifestyle and poor hygiene increase the risk for heart diseases: “And as for those in whose hearts is a disease, it adds uncleanness to their uncleanness, and they die while they are unbelievers.” “They have hearts with which they do not understand, and they have eyes with which they do not see, and they have ears with which they do not hear; they are as cattle, nay, they are in worse errors; these are the heedless ones.” This verse indicates heart diseases are linked to other health problems such as eye problems, hearing problems, and cognitive functions.

Your eyes, ears, and cognitive (reasoning) problems can be the signs and symptoms of catching heart disease early. “In their hearts is a disease, so Allah has increased [the severity] of their disease” (Surah al-Baqarah: 10). “And of them is he who hearkens to you, and We have cast veils over their hearts lest they understand it and a heaviness into their ears; and even if they see every sign (of diseases) they will not believe in it (for their loss of consciousness) …” [6:25]. “Then as for those in whose hearts there is perversity, they follow the part of it which is allegorical, seeking to mislead and seeking to give it (their own) interpretation.” “But their hearts hardened and the Shaitan made what they did fair-seeming to them.” “and set a seal on their hearts so they would not hear.” “Allah has set a seal upon their hearts and upon their hearing and there is a covering over their eyes, and there is a great punishment (diseases) for them (for their negligence and rejection of following the guidance of Allah and His messengers).

Harmful bacteria, viruses, and chemicals cause impurities (contamination, diseases) in the body, mind, food, wealth, and nature. Greater Jihad (struggle) is practicing self-control to purify the gut and heart from Satan. Without practicing self-control and resisting temptation, one cannot develop the “higher” self. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) taught us ways to increase our self-control. Aqil ibn Mudrik reported: A man said to Abu Said al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, “Advise me.” Abu Said said, “You must be silent except in truth, for by it you will defeat Satan (who wants to lead mankind into debate, disunity, and anger).” [al-Ṣamt li Ibn Abi Dunya] The Prophet (PBUH) said, “You must observe long periods of silence, for it will drive away Satan and help you in the matter of your faith.” (Shuab al-Iman) Anas reported: The Prophet, peace, and blessings be upon him, passed by people wrestling, and he said, “What is this?” They said, “O Messenger of Allah, this is a wrestler and no one can wrestle like him!” The Prophet said, “Shall I not tell you who is even stronger than him? It is a man wronged by another man, yet he suppresses his rage and thus defeats it. He defeats his devil, and he defeats the devil of his companion.” (Musnad al-Bazzar). He also said: “The strong are not those who defeat people. Rather, the strong are those who defeat their lower-self.” (Sharḥ Mushkil al-Athar). People with a lower-self assist Satan, whereas people with a higher-self defeat Satan.

The Prophet replied: “Keep your tongue under control, and let there be room enough for you in your house (gut), and shed tears over your sins before the Almighty (which are influenced by Satan).” Only people with a “higher” self and “pure” (healthy) hearts are fit to go to Heaven. “But only one (is successful) who comes to Allah with a sound heart.” [26:89] Abu Huraira reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “Verily, Allah does not look at your appearance or wealth, but rather He looks at your hearts and actions.” (Ṣaḥiḥ Muslim) Abdullah ibn Amr reported: We said, “O Messenger of Allah, who are the best of people?” The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “One with a heart swept clean and truthful in speech.” We said, “O Messenger of Allah, we recognize truthful speech, but what is a heart swept clean?” The Prophet said, “One that is Godfearing and pure, in which there is neither sin, nor transgression, nor envy.” We said, “Who shows a sign of it?” The Prophet said, “One who despises worldliness and loves the Hereafter.” They said, “And who shows a sign of it?” The Prophet said, “A believer with good character.” (Shuab al-Iman)

Gender identity disorders could be linked to early childhood infections, childhood neglect and abuse, trauma, and other disorders caused by harmful microbes. A new study has found that transgender and non-transgender lesbian, gay, and bisexual students are at greater risk for eating disorders. Men and women are two different creations even though both are the souls of the children of Adam. The differences between the sexes in body composition include: males typically having proportionately more muscle mass, more bone mass, larger brains, hearts, and a lower percentage of body fat than women. Women tend to see colors better than men. Men and women do not process sound in the same way. Women’s verbal memory is often better than men’s, while men’s visuospatial memory tends to be better than those in women. Women and men can experience pain in different ways. Both men and women are held in honorable status, according to their good actions.

Today, many researchers are studying how viruses can affect physical health, such as respiratory failure, heart problems, liver problems, and death. However, they also need to explore how bacterial and viral attacks alter one’s personality traits, behaviors, and preferences, and negatively affect the spiritual, unseen realm more than the seen physical world during and after infections.

Personality traits typically exhibit stability over time, although gradual changes are feasible through sincere intention (iklas), concerted effort, patience, faith in God, and cultivating taqwa (God-consciousness).

Criminal Behaviors:

Satan is the enemy of Allah, His angels, and His messengers, who mislead mankind on the path of Allah by instilling bad characteristics in human hearts such as arrogance, disobedience, and injustice. These bad characteristics lead to crime or sin, ultimately leading to Hell. The Quran also indicates that negative personality traits (e.g., arrogance, aggressiveness, jealousy) are related to criminal behavior: “But as for those who disbelieved, [it will be said], ‘Were not Our verses (guidelines) recited to you, but you were arrogant and became a criminal people?’” [45:31]. “Allah knows what your hearts contain.” (Quran, 3:119)

Satan controls their minds and desires. “Satan has overcome them and made them forget the remembrance of Allah. Those are the party of Satan. Unquestionably, the party of Satan — they will be the losers.” (58:19) “And We appointed for them (evil) companions who made attractive (bad deeds) to them what was before them and what was behind them (of sin), and the word has come into effect upon them among nations which had passed on before them of jinn and men. Indeed, they (all) were losers.” [41:25] Here, “Satan who made attractive to them” indicates that bad microbes may produce dopamine (pleasure chemicals) hormones and neurotransmitters. For example, in order to destroy your health, Satan may produce dopamine that is linked to overeating and obesity. The Quran reminds mankind: “Do not throw yourselves with your own hands into destruction.” (2:195) Recent research has shown that the parasite T gondii in cats makes cats attractive rather than scary to their natural prey (rats). Scientists have also found that gut bacteria produce neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and GABA. Say, “I seek refuge in the Lord of mankind, The Sovereign of mankind. The God of mankind, From the evil of the retreating whisperer (Satan) who whispers (evil, influences to do harmful acts) into the breasts of mankind from among the jinn and mankind.” [Surah Nas].

Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder have found that the parasite Toxoplasma gondii can actually make people more likely to take the sort of risks that may lead to financial gain. A hadith indicates how an infected person who did not exercise control over his lower self becomes a deceiver like “Satan” and could not differentiate the whispers of his heart and followed the commands of whatever his heart said to him: “Allah’s Apostle (PBUH) deputed me to keep Sadaqat (charity to the poor) of Ramadan. A comer (fraud) came and started taking handfuls of the foodstuff (of the charity) (stealthily). I took hold of him and said, ‘By Allah, I will take you to Allah’s Apostle (PBUH).’ He said, ‘I am needy and have many dependents, and I am in great need.’ I released him, and in the morning (as the head of the government of Madinah) Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) asked me, ‘What did your prisoner (who tried to take charity fraudulently) do yesterday?’ I said, ‘O Allah’s Apostle (SAW)! The person complained of being needy and having many dependents, so, I pitied him and let him go.’ Allah’s Apostle (SAW) said, ‘Indeed, he told you a lie and he will be coming again.’ I believed that he would show up again as Allah’s Apostle (SAW) had told me that he would return (to get more charity or donations). So, I waited for him watchfully. When he (showed up and) started stealing handfuls of the foodstuff, I caught hold of him again and said, ‘I will definitely take you to Allah’s Apostle (PBUH) (for your fraudulent activities). He said, ‘(Forgive me and) I will teach you some words with which Allah will benefit you.’ I asked, ‘What are they?’ He (followed his inner angels and) replied, ‘Whenever you go to bed, recite “Ayat-al-Kursi” — ‘Allahu la ilaha illa huwa-l-Haiy-ul Qaiyum’ till you finish the whole verse. (If you do so), Allah will appoint a guard for you who will stay with you and no Satan will come near you till morning.’ So, I released him. In the morning, Allah’s Apostle (PBUH) asked, ‘What did your prisoner do yesterday?’ I replied, ‘He claimed that he would teach me some words by which Allah will benefit me, so I let him go.’ Allah’s Apostle (PBUH) asked, ‘What are they?’ I replied, ‘He said to me, “Whenever you go to bed, recite Ayat-al-Kursi from the beginning to the end — Allahu la ilaha illa huwa-l-Haiy-ul-Qaiyum -.” He further said to me, ‘(If you do so), Allah will appoint a guard for you who will stay with you, and no Satan will come near you till morning.’ (Abu Huraira or another sub-narrator) added that they (the companions) were very keen to do good deeds. The Prophet (PBUH) said, ‘He really spoke the truth, although he is an absolute liar. Do you know whom you were talking to, these three nights, O Abu Huraira?’ Abu Huraira said, ‘No.’ He said, ‘It was Satan (a disobedient, untrustworthy, evil, infected person who followed whatever his Satan suggested him to do, such as stealing, lying, or deceiving others).’ In order to reduce crime rates, the government may offer rewards for encouraging people to lose weight, improve gut health, promote good bacteria, practice good hygiene, control infections, and promote a clean environment.

“O you who believe, do not follow the footsteps of Satan. Whoever follows the footsteps of Satan (should know that) he orders (one to commit) shameful acts and evil deeds (waswas). Had it not been for the grace of Allah upon you, and His mercy, not a single person from you would have ever attained purity. But Allah purifies whomsoever He wills. Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing.” [24:21] Satan can make crimes appealing and provoke irresistible urges to commit them. For example, it is believed that Kleptomania (compulsive stealing) is caused by genetics, neurotransmitter abnormalities, or impulse control disorders. Some believe that there’s no cure for kleptomania urges. A rich woman, Fatima bint Al-Aswad, who had committed theft, had her hand cut off by the order of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) himself.

Personalities can evolve, certain behaviors are subject to change, and individuals can cultivate virtuous characteristics to seek the pleasure of Allah and cultivate a reverential fear of God.

Suicidal Thoughts:

The groups of Satan act as mini mind controllers. Researchers believe that the microbes on and in our bodies may exert influence on our behavior. Satan was cursed by Allah. The life expectancy of evil microbes decreases due to their strange suicidal behavior. To me, jealous Satan wants to infect his cursed behavior into infected humans and animals. For example, parasitic worms can invade ants and hijack ants’ bodies to control their minds. The Cordyceps fungus infects ants before compelling them to travel to the top of the tree canopy where they die.

Even the evil eye can drive a person insane and produce suicidal thoughts if they do not have self-control over their negative thoughts and emotions. Abu Dharr reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Verily, the evil eye might attach itself to a man by permission of Allah, until he climbs a tall mountain and then throws himself off it.” [Musnad Ahmad] When humans come into contact with T. gondii carelessly, they are more likely to be in car crashes due to their risky behavior and recklessness. Some parasites can secrete chemicals that might influence the human brain and behavior. Say, “I seek refuge in the Lord of daybreak from the evil of that which He created and from the evil of darkness when it settles and from the evil of the blowers in knots (muscle knot) and from the evil of an envier when he envies.” [Surah Falaq]

People or animals who are infected by Satan are cursed, leading to shorter life expectancy and worse health. Say: “(O Allah) Guide us to the straight path (to go to heaven and meet You), The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor (blessing of good health and prosperity), not of those who have evoked (Your) anger or of those who are astray.” [Surah Fatiha 6–7]

Misleading Creativity:

Bad microbes may signal to the brain (subconsciously) to engage in misleading and time-wasting creative activities (or imaginative ideas) and harmful knowledge for poets, writers, researchers, singers, musicians, artists, dancers, scientists, technologists, designers, fortunetellers, devil-worshippers, magicians, and witches. It is believed that the left side of the brain is responsible for controlling the right side of the body. It also performs tasks related to logic, such as in science and mathematics. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) advised doing every good thing with the right hand (right side of the body).

On the other hand, the right hemisphere coordinates the left side of the body and performs tasks related to creativity and the arts. For example, some singers who get ideas from signals sent by bad microbes may trigger loneliness, inspiring people to engage in immoral sexual activities, take drugs, and consume alcohol through their lyrics. “Satan has gained mastery over them, and has made them forget the remembrance of Allah…” (Quran 58:20)

There might be a link between the creative mind and gut microbes. Many believe violinist Niccolo Paganini and lyricist Guiseppe Tartini were inspired by devils. The devil might give the idea for many destructive inventions to scientists that might harm mankind and planet Earth, such as bioweapons and technologies that will cause global warming. Some painters claim they experience different colors when they take LSD, intoxicants, and psychedelic drugs. The Quran warns mankind: “The plan of Satan is to excite enmity and hatred between you, with intoxicants and gambling, and hinder you from the remembrance of Allah (following the commands of Allah), and from prayer (following the right path). Will you not then abstain?” [5:91] Ibn Masud reported: The Prophet, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the accursed Satan, his madness, his pride, and his poetry (misleading creativity).” [Sunan Ibn Majah]

The Quran mentions, “Shall I inform you of whom the devils actually descend upon? They descend upon every sinful liar. They pass on what is heard, and most of them are liars. And the poets (writers, and singers) — (only) the deviators follow them.” [26: 221–224] “Except those [poets, writers, believers] who believe and do righteous deeds and remember Allah often and defend [the believers] after they were wronged. And those who have wronged are going to know to what [kind of] return they will be returned.” (26: 227) Many devil worshippers sell their souls to their devils to get temporary fame, popularity, wealth, power, advanced knowledge, creative ideas in this world and they allow the inner devil to flourish and take control over their body and dominate their subconscious mind. The Quran mentions: “And among mankind is he who disputes concerning Allah without knowledge and closely follows every most insurgent Shayatin (The ever-vicious ones, i.e., the devils). Against him is written down that whoever takes the devil as patron then the devil leads into error and guides him to the torment of the Blaze.” (Surah Hajj, 4–5)

On the other hand, angels inspire beneficial knowledge, wisdom, the truth, application into poets, writers, researchers, scientists, and scholars. One of the companions of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was Hassan ibn Thabit, who was a poet. Aisha (RA) said: ‘I heard Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) saying to Hassan: Verily Ruh-ul-Qudus (Jibreel) the Holy spirit would continue to assist you (to deliver poems) so long as you put up a defense on behalf of Allah and His Messenger. O, Allah! Help Hassan by Ruhul Qudus (the angel Jibreel)’ [Sahih Bukhari].

Paranormal Activity:

According to hadith, there are no such things as ghosts, but there are jinns. If ghosts don’t exist, why do people fear haunted houses? Or why do people claim to die when they touch haunted dolls? How do people experience paranormal incidents? Paranormal activity is essentially attributed to jinn and/or bacterial activity. Bacteria, collectively, possess intelligence comparable to humans. Old and unclean homes harbor millions of bacteria and other germs. Individuals who enter filthy, so-called abandoned ‘haunted’ houses may be susceptible to attacks by certain bacteria, potentially leading to increased suicidal tendencies, hallucinations, and sickness.

Similarly, dolls and sculptures believed to be possessed by demons are often inhabited by old and potentially deadly pathogenic organisms, whose contact can lead individuals to become psychologically ill or die suddenly. Some jinn are purportedly capable of moving objects heavier than their own body weight. Many who worship idols claim that their idols can move or that food placed in front of them disappears, as if their so-called gods have consumed the offerings. Numerous old statues and idols harbor bacteria and other microorganisms. When food is placed before idols, invisible bacteria and microorganisms might consume it, potentially spreading diseases among the people. It is advisable to maintain personal hygiene and live in clean surroundings. If people do not properly follow the guidelines of Allah, they may experience various mental health issues, such as demonic possession, schizophrenia, psychosis, and hallucinations.

Disunity:

Allah created every creation for nothing but to worship Him alone. Angels, Jinn, and Humans are designed to worship. Obedient servants of Allah obey the commands (worship) of the one “True” Creator, while disobedient and ignorant people worship false deities (such as Jinn, angels, humans, inner self, forefathers’ rituals, or worldly materials). Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) teaches people: Religion (faith) is one, but Satan has divided mankind in the name of religion, race, etc. Like the powerful and diverse community of angels and Jinn, all microsouls of the children of Adam are trapped in diverse-colored or different-shaped bodies. We, all souls of children of Adam, are brothers and united forces against our real invisible enemy “Satan”.

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) informed us that no one is a true enemy except for Satan. Abu Turab reported: Hatim al-Asamm, may Allah have mercy on him, said, “I saw that every person has an enemy, so I said I will look for who my enemy is. As for one who backbites me, he is not my enemy, or one who takes something from me, he is not my enemy. Rather, my enemy commands me to disobey Allah when I am obeying Allah. Thus, I saw that in Satan (Iblis) and his soldiers, so I took him as my enemy and I waged war between us. I darted my bow, drew my arrow, and never let him come near me.” Martin Luther King said: “We must learn to live together as brothers or perish together as fools.” Abu Huraira reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Verily, Allah Almighty is pleased with you by three things and displeased by three things. He is pleased for you to worship Him without associating anything with Him, to hold fast to the rope of Allah altogether, and to not become divided…” (Sahih Muslim).

Allah teaches the power of unity: “And hold firmly to the rope of Allah all together and do not become divided. And remember the favor of Allah upon you — when you were enemies and He brought your hearts together, and you became, by His favor, brothers. And you were on the edge of a pit of the Fire, and He saved you from it. Thus, does Allah make clear to you His verses that you may be guided (how to protect yourself and others from evil).” [3:103] Abu Hurairah, Radiyallahu Anhu, reported that the Messenger of Allah, Sallallahu Alayhi Wa Sallam, said: “Do not be envious of one another; do not falsely inflate prices against one another; do not hate one another; do not shun one another, and do not undercut one another in business transactions, and be as fellow-brothers and servants of Allah. A Muslim is the brother of a Muslim. He neither oppresses him nor humiliates him nor looks down upon him. Piety is here — and he pointed to his chest three times. It is evil enough for a Muslim to hold his brother Muslim in contempt. All the things belonging to a Muslim are inviolable for another Muslim: his blood, his property, and his honor.” [Muslim]

Even though harmful microbes are microscopic beasts, do not underestimate their ability to make us sick and mislead us. Collectively, these tiny evil organisms are intelligent and powerful united forces that can wipe us from the earth. The Quran mentions: “And the soldiers of Iblis are united” (26:95). Say: “I seek refuge in Allah from the outcast Shaitan.” If the children of Adam become disunited and divided, their faith goes astray. If the children of Adam accuse each other rather than the true enemy Satan, they might not meet the requirement to go to heaven, which is the place of universal harmony and peace. Narrated Al-Zubayr Ibn al-Awam that the Prophet (PBUH) said: “There has come to you the disease of the nations before you, jealousy and hatred (disunity among the children of Adam). This is the shaver (destroyer); I do not say that it shaves hair, but that it shaves (destroys) faith” [Jami at-Tirmidhi] Narrated Jarir: The Prophet said to me during Hajjat-al-Wida’: Let the people keep quiet and listen. Then he said (addressing the people), “Do not (become infidels) revert to disbelief after me by striking the necks (cutting the throats) of one another (killing each other).” [Sahih Bukhari]

The Quran mentions: “As for the Abode of the Hereafter, We shall assign it exclusively for those who do not seek glory on earth nor want to cause mischief. God-fearing shall have the best end.” (28:83) For all the problems, Satan should be accused. Not identifying the true enemy is ignorance of the hearts. Wise people who understand the influence of inner bad gut bacteria (Satan) and external agents of Iblis forgive others easily, do not engage in backbiting, do not blame others, do not involve in disunity and debate. No man is your enemy, no man is your friend, every man is your teacher. (Florence Scovel Shinn) But keeping unity does not mean we should close contact with those who are allies of Satan and harm mankind. Allah Almighty said to His Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: “Show forgiveness, enjoin what is good, and turn away from the ignorant” (7:199).

Some of the agents of Iblis who were cast out of heaven (upper station) are living in a humiliating way until the day of Judgment. If all the souls of the children of Adam become united, follow the teachings of Allah and His messengers, guard themselves and others against evil forces, and protect the planet Earth from the evil Jinn force, then the plan of Iblis will become weak. The death of bacteria is caused by a lack of nutrients, environmental temperatures (above or below), or certain conditions. When evil microorganisms cannot find a living-friendly environment, they transform into dormant spores, but they can survive for millions of years in extreme environments. Allah and His assigned angels do not help the angels of Iblis to survive; therefore, these agents deceive mankind with trickery for their own survival. The hoarding behavior and unhealthy wasteful lifestyle of disbelievers (e.g., not paying Zakat/not donating wealth, unnecessary belongings, and resources to charity) and the unhealthy rituals of Mushriks (not praying Salat, not following the guidelines of Allah, keeping idols) assist the growth and survival rate of the enemies of mankind, making a risky environment for mankind and others.

To me, evil microorganisms who might come from space try to enter the bodies of humans through some routes (e.g., nose, skin, mouth) to communicate with their inner stubborn microbes and preach to them how to trigger hatred, jealousy, arrogance, etc., to disunite mankind and cause bloodshed and diseases. So that, evil invaders can survive on blood and food which has not been mentioned in the name of the true Creator, and continue to dominate the planet ‘Earth’. Ibn al-Qayyim reported: Some of the righteous predecessors said, “When Iblis and his soldiers gather, they do not rejoice for anything as much as three things: a believer who kills a believer (disunity), a man who dies upon unbelief (rejection of practicing Islam), and a heart in which is the fear of poverty (financial stress increases the risk for heart disease).” [Tariq al-Hijratayn]

Satan wants to exaggerate the status of the Prophets and misinterprets the verses of the books of one GOD to cause disunity among the children of Adam. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “Do not exaggerate in praising me as those (who themselves the “followers of Prophet Esa”) praised the son of Mariyam, for I am only a slave. So, call me the slave of Allah and His Messenger.” “Glory is to You, O Allah, and praise is to You. I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship but You. I seek Your forgiveness and repent to You” [Abu Dawud]. All prophets came to unite the children of Adam and deliver the same message to mankind: O children of Adam! Worship your “True” Creator who created you. Do not divide yourselves. Guard yourselves against evil (salvation which will save you from sin). “And let not the enmity and hatred of others make you avoid justice (keep a fair balance). Be just: that is nearer to piety” [al-Maaidah 5:8].

The Quran mentions the story of Prophet Nuh (PBUH): “And certainly, We sent Nuh to his people, and he said: ‘O my people! Serve Allah; you have no god other than Him; will you not then guard (against evil)?’” [23:23] Prophet Nuh (PBUH) also taught his people how to guard themselves against evil, but they rejected his teaching: “What! do you wonder that a reminder has come to you from your Lord through a man from among you, that he might warn you and that you might guard (against evil) and so that mercy may be shown to you?” (7:63) All Prophets showed the way to be successful in this world and the hereafter. All prophets were role models and chosen leaders. They came to inform and educate the public about how to protect their health, the environment, and the punishment of the hereafter. “Then We made Our Messengers follow in their footsteps, and We sent Isa, son of Mary (Maryam), afterward, and We gave him the Injil, and We put in the hearts of those who followed him kindness and mercy; and (as for) monasticism, they innovated it– We did not prescribe it to them — only to seek Allah’s pleasure, but they did not observe it with its due observance; so We gave to those of them who believed their reward, and most of them are transgressors.” [57:27]

Every Prophet and Wali (friends of Allah) declared war against Satan. “And thus, We have made for every prophet an enemy — devils from mankind and jinn, inspiring to one another decorative speech in delusion. But if your Lord had willed, they would not have done it, so leave them and that which they invent.” (6:112) After the death of Prophets, disunity came when followers of prophets started following so-called hypocrite scholars (with unhealthy gut, heart diseases, and cognitive problems) who misinterpreted the verses of the books of God out of their ignorance and imbalanced gut. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “(At the end time, Beneficial) knowledge will be taken away, ignorance (in religion), and afflictions will appear, and Harj will increase.” It was asked, “What is Harj, O Allah’s Messenger?” He replied by beckoning with his hand, indicating “killing (bloodshed, disunity, war).” [Sahih al-Bukhari] Jabir bin Abdullah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: Messenger of Allah (May Allah be pleased with him) said, “Beware of injustice, for oppression will be darkness on the Day of Resurrection; and beware of stinginess because it doomed those who were before you. It incited them to shed blood and treat the unlawful as lawful.” [Muslim]

Misinterpretation of the verses in the guidelines of Allah (Quran and other books revealed to the prophets) is an art of Satan. Misinterpretation is an indication of a corrupted heart, cognitive dysfunction, and information-processing deficits. It is crucial to consider how, when, and where you apply the verses of the Quran in the modern era. For example, one of the commonly misinterpreted verses in the Quran is the “sword verse.” If you apply this verse as a communicable disease law, you can realize that this verse clearly indicates that it is a crime to expose another person to a contagious disease on purpose: ‘When the forbidden months are over (when the growth of bacteria decreases), wherever you find the polytheists (superspreaders of infectious diseases), kill (punish) them, seize (arrest for correction) them, capture them, attack them (for self-defense and for spreading diseases if necessary to improve healthcare and conditions of his community)’ [9: 5]. Similarly, today a person whose intentional or reckless behavior spreads an infectious disease could face criminal charges.

Another misinterpreted term is “jihad.” The term “qital” means fighting or war, and “jihad” means struggling/striving/fighting in the way of Allah against evil or the enemy of Islam. Jihad is obligatory to protect ourselves and others. Those who believe in the unseen microscopic world of harmful microbes and strive in the cause of Allah, resisting temptation such as unhealthy food cravings, immoral sexual desires, worldly materials, arguments, laziness, and association with those who are unclean, are those who fight every moment against their inner selves (lower selves) and Satan. They seek lawful earnings, consume lawful food, and strive to protect themselves and others from evil microbes. The Quran mentions: “Surely, Muslim men and Muslim women (who fight for protecting themselves and others), believing men and believing women, devout men and devout women, truthful men and truthful women, patient men and patient women, humble men and humble women, and the men who give Sadaqah (charity) and the women who give Sadaqah, and the men who fast and the women who fast, and the men who guard their private parts (against evil acts) and the women who guard (theirs), and the men who remember Allah much and the women who remember (Him) — for them, Allah has prepared forgiveness and a great reward.” [Al Ahzab, 35] “Fight in the way of Allah against those who fight against you, but do not begin hostilities. Lo! Allah loveth not aggressors. To those against whom war is made, permission is given (to fight), because they are wronged; — and verily, Allah is most powerful for their aid.” [2:190]

Prophet Muhammad’s companions attended the physical wars (qital) in the cause of Allah when unclean people and Satan’s allies attacked them and oppressed them for following a healthy zero-waste lifestyle and rejecting their unhealthy rituals. Many companions of the Prophet died while being tortured. The battles of the time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) were considered as “Jihad.” These wars were moral responses to aggression and repelling an imminent threat of attack within the context of self-defense. Narrated Urwa bin Az-Zubair: I asked Ibn Amr bin Al-As, “Tell me of the worst thing which the pagans did to the Prophet.” He said, “While the Prophet (PBUH) was praying in the Hijr of the Kaba; `Uqba bin Abi Mu’ait came and put his garment around the Prophet’s neck and throttled him violently. Abu Bakr came and caught him by his shoulder and pushed him away from the Prophet (PBUH) and said, “Do you want to kill a man just because he says, ‘My Lord is Allah?’” At that time, companions of the Prophet did not have the right to practice their own faith (e.g., practicing good hygiene, performing prayer).

Another misinterpreted concept of the Quran is polygamy. HIV is spread through semen and vaginal fluids. Being HIV positive is higher among individuals who engage in risky sexual behaviors (unsafe sex with unknown partners) than among those who practice safer sexual activities with spouses. The Quran restricts the practice of polygamy. Polygamy is only encouraged by the Quran in cases involving the “oppressed or the orphans among women” (4:3). Chapter 4 of the Quran allows men to marry “two or three or four” women but suggests monogamy: “ask them to have a single wife if they fear they cannot treat them all with equal fairness.” Verse 129 indicates that it is difficult for men to achieve despite their best efforts. Islam does not allow having unknown sex partners. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: ‘A woman is married for four things: her wealth, her family status, her beauty, and her faith. So, you should marry the religious woman for safe sex and to reduce your risk of sexually transmitted diseases and the risk of having disobedient children; otherwise, you will be a loser.’ [Al-Bukhari]

Satan whispers some questions regarding the Prophet’s (PBUH) character to weaken our faith, such as why Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) married the young virgin Ayesha (RA), or why our Prophet (PBUH) married the older Khadijah (RA). Remember, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was as dutiful a husband. He did not marry old or widowed women for mere amusement. All of the Prophet’s wives were chosen by Allah as our mothers, and they are exceptionally pure. They were perfect matches for Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in this world and the Hereafter. The Prophet’s (PBUH) marriage to Zaynab bint Jaḥsh (RA) is mentioned in the Quran. Narrated his wife Aisha (RA): Allah’s Apostle said to me, “You were shown to me twice (in my dream) before I married you. I saw an angel carrying you in a silken piece of cloth, and I said to him, ‘Uncover (her),’ and behold, it was you.” [Sahih Bukhari] Dreams were a part of his prophethood, and Allah revealed the chosen wife of the Prophet (PBUH) to him in his dreams.

Islam eradicated social injustice and racism and unified the souls of obedient children of Adam under the truth (the guidance). According to the teachings of Allah and His prophets, one who cannot marry freed women (women with higher status in society) can marry slaves (cleaners, housekeepers); even though some people misinterpreted the verses of the Quran. The Quran teaches us: “Do not marry your women to polytheist men (who follow an unhealthy lifestyle and spread diseases) unless they believe in Islam (a clean and healthy zero-waste lifestyle); a Muslim slave (cleaners, household assistants) is better than a polytheist, even though he may attract you (with their nakedness and unhealthy luxurious lifestyle)” (2:221). “A man who is a fornicator does not (like to) marry but a woman who is a fornicator or a polytheist (who attracts people but spreads diseases); and a woman who is a fornicator does not (like to) marry but a man who is a fornicator or a polytheist. And this (i.e., preferring to marry such spouses who like to live unclean lifestyles) has been prohibited for the believers (who guard themselves against evil viruses and bacteria)” [Chapter Light, 3].

“Allah encourages marriage to discourage immorality” [24:32]. “You shall encourage those of you who are single to get married. They may marry the righteous among your male and female servants (slaves) if they are poor. Allah will enrich them from His grace. Allah is Bounteous, Knower” [25:74]. Narrated Abu Musa Al-Ashari: Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) said, “If a person teaches his slave girl good manners (and good hygiene to promote good health physically, socially, mentally, psychologically, or spiritually), educates her properly, and then manumits and marries her, he will get a double reward. And if a man believes in Jesus and then believes in me, he will get a double reward. And if a slave fears his Lord and obeys his masters, he too will get a double reward.”

In the time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), marrying freed women required the giving of “Maher” (gift, wealth, or contribution) by the husband who had financial abilities. To me, “the right-hand possession” (lawful way) refers to marrying women from “slaves or war captives.” These women did not require the giving of Maher (gift, wealth) since freeing them after marriage was considered as their “Maher.” The Quran mentions: “O Prophet! We have made lawful to thee thy wives to whom thou hast paid their dowers, and those (slaves) whom thy right hand possesses out of the prisoners of war whom Allah has assigned to thee” [33:50]. “…who abstain from sex, except with those joined to them in the marriage bond, or (the captives) whom their right hands possess…” (23: 5–6). “And all married women (are forbidden unto you) save those (captives) whom your right hands possess” [4:24]. Marrying slave women and captives encourages those to marry who had no financial ability to pay “Maher” to freed women. “And marry the unmarried among you and the righteous among your male slaves and female slaves. If they should be poor, Allah will enrich them from His bounty, and Allah is all-Encompassing and Knowing” (24:32). Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) prophesied that one of the signs of the end times will be: “When a slave (lady) gives birth to her master.” This sign of the end times indicates when men have sex with slave women without marrying them or granting them rights. However, this prophecy can be interpreted in another way. Today, homosexual marriage is prevalent in society. Nowadays, people can rent a womb, and a surrogate is implanted with an embryo and carries the child for a specific period. However, the surrogate is not the genetic mother. This means children raised without a genetic mother cannot be brought up under the umbrella of both father and mother’s love.

Narrated Abdullah bin Amr that: I heard the Prophet saying: “Allah will not deprive you of knowledge after he has given it to you, but it will be taken away through the death of the religious learned men with their knowledge (scholars who knew the true interpretations). Then there will remain ignorant people who, when consulted, will give verdicts according to their opinions whereby they will mislead others and go astray.” The Quran mentions: “They (misguided people) took their rabbis and their monks (misguided scholars) to be their Lord besides Allah (by obeying their misinterpretation and teachings), and (they also took as their Lord) Messiah (prophet), son of Maryam (Mary), while they (the books of people) were commanded to worship none but One Allah (follow the commands of the Creator. None has the right to be worshipped but He). Praise and glory be to Him (far above is He) from having the partners they associate (with Him).” [At-Tawba, 31].

Regrettably, contemporary exaggeration and misinterpretation of religion by those who do not submit their will to the Creator’s guidelines lead to disunity and bloodshed. Before Adam’s descent to Earth, angels questioned Allah’s decision, expressing concern about corruption and bloodshed of mankind. However, Allah did not send humanity to cause harm but to be righteous stewards of the Earth. Satan, the misleader, exploits the ignorance of people. Abu Musa reported a saying of the Prophet (PBUH) describing Satan’s morning dispatch of troops to misguide Muslims, illustrating the harmful consequences of their actions — from divorce to adultery to murder. Satan rewards those who successfully mislead others to pursue divorce, (breaking family ties and creating separation), with a crown. Disunity is more dangerous than a pandemic. The Quran emphasizes, “…who break the covenant of Allah after its firm binding, and cut asunder what Allah has commanded to be united, and spread mischief on earth. They are the utter losers. … Those who spread this mischief on earth are transgressors.” (2:27) The Quran serves as a reminder that arrogant Iblis lost his heavenly status due to not maintaining harmony with his universal brother, “Adam.” Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) declared, “Verily, I was not sent to invoke curses, but rather I was only sent as mercy (to bring unity).” [Muslim] Today, illnesses are spreading everywhere in society because irresponsible human activity disrupts the delicate balance of the gut and the Earth. Wake up!

If a man gains knowledge about the guidelines of Allah and recites the guidelines (Quran) daily but does not follow the guidelines and does not leave a wasteful unhealthy luxurious lifestyle, beneficial knowledge loses its value when not applied. The Quran mentions: “And recite to them the story of him to whom We gave Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.), but he threw them away, so Satan followed him up, and he became of those who went astray. And had We willed, We would surely have elevated him therewith but he clung to the earth and followed his own vain desire. So, his description is the description of a dog: If you drive him away, he lolls his tongue out, or if you leave him alone, he lolls his tongue out. Such is the description of the people who reject Our evidence (teachings, signs) So relate the stories, perhaps they may reflect.” [7:175 -176]. Here “the dog lolls his tongue out” is a sign that like a hungry dog, a hypocrite scholar cannot control his temptation on food and worldly materials.

The Quran indicates the signs of hypocrite scholars is that they do not have self-control on unhealthy food cravings and materialism. “O you who believe! Verily, there are many of the rabbis and the monks (so-called scholars) who devour the wealth of mankind in falsehood, and hinder (them) from the Way of Allah (i.e. the lifestyles and teachings of Allah). “The likeness of those who were entrusted with the Tawrah (the book of Allah), but who subsequently failed in those (obligations, did not carry it), is as the likeness of a donkey who carries huge burdens of books (knowledge). How bad is the example (or the likeness) of people who deny the Ayat (teachings) of Allah? And Allah guides not the people who are Zalimun (wrongdoers).” [62:5]

Today, some misguided scholars and speakers are pointing fingers and placing blame on others, creating disunity in the name of religion rather than addressing their own internal issues! Abdullah bin Amr narrates that the Prophet (PBUH) said: “Most of the hypocrites of my Ummah will be its Qurra’ (i.e. evil scholars).” “So, whoever turns away from my Sunnah (i.e., my way) is not from me.” [Al-Bukhari and Muslim]. Imam Ash-Shatibi said: “Evil and misguided scholars are those who are dangerous to mankind. They are a disease to mankind, and they are those who do not act on their knowledge.” Abu Musa al-Ashari reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “Allah will raise His servants on the Day of Resurrection, then He will distinguish the scholars, saying: O company of scholars, I would never waste My knowledge among you that I might punish you, so go now for I have forgiven you.” (al-Mujam al-Awsat)

The Quran asks misguided scholars who do not follow the lifestyles of Prophets but teach others: “What! Do you enjoin people to be good and neglect your own souls while you read the Book; have you then no sense?” (Surah al Baqarah, 2:44) But follow those who practice self-control on temptation and maintain a healthy gut and heart-healthy eating habits and lifestyles. The Quran mentions: “It is only those who have knowledge among His slaves that fear Allah” (35:28) “Verily, you will find the strongest among men in enmity to the believers (clean people with healthy lifestyles) the Jews (who were proud of their identity or lineage and they misinterpreted religion in the time of Prophet Muhammad and reject the beneficial teachings and lifestyles) and those who are Al-Mushrikun (unclean people with unhealthy rituals or habits) and you will find the nearest in love to the believers those who say: “We are Christians.” That is because amongst them are priests and monks (scholars, wise), and they are not proud (who have practiced self-control on their lower self. They do not have compulsive buying or excessive hoarding behaviors).” [Al-Maaida, 82] Do not follow any scholars’ explanations blindly. Judge scholars by their actions and behavior, not words!

Also, some misguided leaders with unhealthy guts, corrupted hearts, and mental health problems misled mankind. Narrated Abu Said and Abu Hurairah that The Prophet (PBUH) said: “Mentally deficient leaders will appear to you, and they will make the most evil and worst people near to them, and they delay the prayer (not praying it at the fixed time). Every one of you, who realizes that, must not be a policeman, not a corporal, not a collector (investor) and not a treasurer (banker) with them.” Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) warned his community: “There will be leaders after me, who will not take guidance from what I’ve brought, and not act according to my teaching (healthy eating habits and lifestyles) ….” Prophet Muhammad said: “By Allah, I am not afraid of your poverty but I am afraid that you will lead a life of luxury as past nations did, whereupon you will compete with each other for it, as they competed for it, and it will destroy you as it destroyed them.”

Abdullah ibn Amr reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “Verily, no prophet came before me but that it was a duty upon him to guide his nation to what he knew was good for them and to warn them of what he knew was evil for them. This nation of yours has been granted well-being in its beginning, but the later generations will be afflicted with trials and affairs you will recognize as evil. Tribulations will come one after another, and tribulation will come in which the believer says: This will destroy me! Then it will pass and another tribulation will come in which the believer says: ‘This one, this one!’ Thus, whoever would love to be delivered from Hellfire and admitted into Paradise, let him meet his end with faith in Allah and the Last Day, and let him treat people as he would love to be treated. Whoever pledges allegiance to a leader should give him the contract of his hand and sincerity of his heart, so let him obey as much as he can. If another leader comes to start a rebellion, strike the neck of the other.” (Ṣaḥiḥ Muslim)

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) warned that the followers of Prophet Musa (PBUH) were divided into 71 sects and the followers of Prophet Esa (PBUH) were divided into 72 sects. “My ummah (followers of Prophet Muhammad) will divide into 73 sects, all of them will be in the Fire except for one, and that is the Jamaah.” It was said, “And who are they, O Allah’s Messenger?” He (PBUH) responded, “That which I and my Companions are upon today.” (Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi) “My (real) ummah will never gather upon a misguidance” [Tirmidhi]. Today every misguided person is boastful about their interpretations of religion and calls others “Disbelievers.” There are about 1.8 billion people who call themselves “Muslim.”. But today, few people who believe in the microscopic world are following the guidelines of Allah and His messengers properly to protect their health and well-being and planet Earth. Interestingly, some who do not call themselves “Muslim” accept the partial truth (the guidelines of Allah and the message of the Prophet) due to the advancement of science (public health awareness, healthy lifestyle) unknowingly.

The teachings of Allah and His messengers are beneficial for public health and the planet “Earth.” In the last sermon of the farewell speech, Prophet Muhammad warned us: “Beware of Shaytan, he is desperate to divert you from the worship of Allah, so beware of him in matters of religion. The devil celebrates bloodshed, unbelief, fear of mankind.” Narrated Said bin Jubair: Abdullah bin Umar came to us and we hoped that he would narrate to us a good Hadith. But before we asked him, a man got up and said to him, “O Abu Abdur-Rahman! Narrate to us about the battles during the time of the afflictions, as Allah says: … ‘And fight them until there are no more afflictions.’” (2.193) Ibn Umar said (to the man), “Do you know what afflictions mean? Let your mother bereave you! Muhammad used to fight against the pagans, for a Muslim was put to trial in his religion (misinterpretation of the verses will cause disunity and fight with the believers). His fighting was not like your fighting which is carried on for the sake of ruling (Prophet Muhammad fought against Satan and those who posed a threat to public health safety or fought to protect the planet Earth).”

War (disunity and fighting among the children of Adam) is self-destructive for mankind because military activities affect health and damage the planet Earth by producing greenhouse gases, contributing to climate change, pollution, resource depletion, contamination of land, and water, etc. A nuclear/atomic explosion creates a mushroom cloud that falls to the earth contaminating soil, air, water, and the food supply. Nuclear explosions Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) warned about apocalyptic great battles in the end times.

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) delivered an important speech in his farewell Hajj where he abolished unjust war (bloodshed, fighting) among the children of Adam. He addressed the people saying: “Verily your blood and your property are as sacred and inviolable as the sacredness of this day of yours, in this month of yours, in this town of yours. Behold! Everything pertaining to the Days of Ignorance is under my feet completely abolished. Abolished are also the blood-revenges of the Days of Ignorance (about health and environmental damage). The first claim of ours on blood-revenge, which I abolish, is that of the son of Rabeeah ibn Al-Harith, who was nursed among the tribe of Sad and killed by Hudhayl. The usury of the pre-Islamic period is also abolished, and the first of our usury I abolished is that of Abbaas Ibn Abdul Muttalib, for it is all abolished. Fear Allah concerning women! Verily, you have taken them on the security of Allah, and intercourse with them has been made lawful unto you by the words of Allah. You too have the right over them, and that they should not allow anyone to sit on your bed whom you do not like. But if they do that, you can chastise them but not severely. Their right upon you is that you should provide them with food and clothing in a fitting manner. I have left among you the Book of Allah, and if you hold fast to it, you would never go astray. And you would be asked about me (on the Day of Resurrection), (now tell me) what would you say? They (the audience) said: “We will bear witness that you have conveyed (the message), discharged (the ministry of Prophethood) and given wise (sincere) counsel.” He (the narrator) said: “He (the Prophet) then raised his forefinger towards the sky and pointed it at the people (saying): “O Allah, be a witness. O Allah, be a witness.” saying it thrice. [Muslim]

Fifteen hundred years ago, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) broke unjust man-made laws such as racism based on color and social status, disunity among the “People of Book,” injustice towards women, economical oppression, resource and wealth inequality, etc. Ibn Umar reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, delivered a sermon to the people on the day Mecca was liberated. The Prophet said, “O people, Allah has removed the slogans of ignorance from you and the exaltation of its forefathers. The people are only two kinds: either a righteous, God-fearing believer dignified to Allah, or a wicked, miserable sinner insignificant to Allah. The people are all the children of Adam, and Adam was created from dust.” Allah said: “O people, We have created you male and female and made you into nations and tribes that you may know one another. Verily, the most noble to Allah is the most righteous of you.” (49:13) (Sunan al-Tirmidhī). After establishing the truth (e.g., implicating precautions and infection control practices to prevent transmission of diseases in his community), Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) delivered a sermon on the Ninth day of Dhul-Hijjah in the Uranah valley of Mount Arafat in Mecca. He said: “…Every right arising out of homicide (bloodshed and disunity) in pre-Islamic days is henceforth waived (canceled), and the first such right that I waive is that arising from the murder of Rabiah ibni al-Harithiah.” “O men! the unbelievers indulge in tampering with the calendar to make permissible that which Allah forbade and to prohibit what Allah has made permissible (to understand phases of bacterial growth). With Allah, the months are twelve in number. Four of them are holy; there are successive, and one occurs singly between the months of Jumada and Shaban.” “Beware of Satan, for the safety of your religion. He has lost all hope that he will be able to lead you astray in big things, so beware of following him in small things….” Jabir reported: I heard Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) saying: Verily, Satan has lost all hopes that the worshippers would ever worship (him) in the peninsula of Arabia, but he (is hopeful) that he would sow the seed of dissension amongst them.

Personal Problems:

According to the Quran and Hadith, stubborn jinn groups can trigger personal problems such as addiction, anger, confusion, lust, jealousy, disunity, disagreements, etc. Bacteria, parasites, and viruses can also alter personality traits (quarreling, spouse spying, distrust) that lead to divorce and break family ties to develop social problems. When people become divorced and lonely, they might easily be misguided by the commands of Satan. Jabir reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “Verily, Satan places his throne over the water, and he sends out his troops. The closest to him in rank are the greatest at causing tribulations. One of them says: I have done this and this. Satan says: You have done nothing. Another one says: I did not leave this man alone until I separated him from his wife. Satan embraces him, and he says: You have done well.” (Sahih Muslim) Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) taught that cleanliness is half the faith and marriage (safe-sex) the other half. Marriage is a shield to avoid immoral sexual activities, whereas immoral sexual activities transmit diseases. Children suffer most, especially mentally, from their parents’ divorce, and later on, children who grow up in broken families might increase the developing risk of adulthood criminal behavior because they do not grow under the umbrella of love and teachings from both parents.

Social Problems:

Anas (RA) narrates that the Prophet (PBUH) said, ‘Once my nation considers five things permissible, then destruction will befall them: when cursing one another appears (blaming others; disunity among the children of Adam), wine is drunk (which promotes the overgrowth of bad gut bacteria), silk is worn (wearing unprotected fabric), musical instruments are played, and men suffice themselves with men, and women suffice themselves with women.

Some modern scholars debate whether Allah has deemed music unlawful (Haram) for Muslims. Music, like drugs, alcohol, and cocaine, is considered an addiction, despite offering temporary mood benefits. Neuroimaging studies have highlighted similarities between how the brain’s reward circuits process music and other rewards such as food, money, and alcohol. A study has shown that listening to music triggers the same reward center in the brain as alcohol and cocaine. Today, much of the content and lyrics in music, as well as accompanying videos, encourage immorality and sins. However, listening to poems or lyrics without music, which remind one of Allah and His words, can bring peace to the heart. High-volume music can lead to auditory damage, and excessive engagement with music may cause attention dispersion or contribute to mental health problems. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) permitted the use of the Daff (instrument) for Eid and marriage ceremonies because he understood its limits. However, in contemporary times, many people regularly listen to musical instruments, exceeding the permissible limit of music listening. This can lead to addiction and cause individuals to forget their duties towards their Creator.

Remember, Satan made the forbidden tree more appealing to Adam and his wife. If we delve deeply into the story of the first sin committed by Adam and his wife, we realize that the first sin in human history was related to food, which led them into nakedness. Iblis misled them by changing the names of the tree and tricked them with judgment. Similarly, today, people are drinking alcohol in the name of beverages or drinks, and people become naked in the name of freedom. Homosexuality is considered legal in the name of human rights. In many cases, today’s society doesn’t allow individuals under 18 to purchase alcohol or cigarettes, but it permits minors to make decisions regarding their gender identity, whether they identify as transsexual or not. If a person claims to believe they are a dinosaur and undergoes surgery to add a tail, society may laugh, but when a misguided individual believes they are a different gender and undergoes surgery to transition, society allows it. However, what if they change their mind in the future? Now, transgender females can use ladies’ toilets and be housed with females in prison, which violates female privacy. But our Creator knows best what is good for mankind for long-term survival on this planet.

When individuals fail to maintain a fair balance in their ecosystems, they experience diseases due to negligence and irresponsibility. Similarly, collective disobedience of the teachings of Allah and His messengers leads to an imbalance in the ecosystems of individuals’ bodies, minds, and environments, resulting in various social problems such as high crime rates, conflict, violence, corruption, addiction, suffering, and more. These crimes and social problems indicate the failure of humanity to maintain a fair balance in the ecosystems of their bodies, society, and the environment.

Socioeconomic Problems:

Health and poverty are interconnected. For example, common bacteria causing diarrhea include E. coli, Campylobacter, Salmonella, etc. Most diarrhea-related problems and deaths result from unsafe contaminated water and food, inadequate sanitation, and insufficient hygiene. Frequent diarrhea can reduce children’s growth and cognitive development, cause malnutrition and poor performance, and increase their susceptibility to other infectious diseases. As the Quran mentions: “And when you said, ‘O Moses, ‘We will not put up with one kind of food. So, invoke your Lord for us, so that He may bring forth for us that which the earth grows — its greens and cucumbers, Its garlic, lentils, and onions.’ He said, ‘Do you seek to replace what is high-quality (healthiest and nutritious foods) with that which is low-quality (foods)? Go down to any town and you will indeed get what you ask for!’ So, they were struck with abasement and poverty, and they earned Allah’s wrath. That, because they would deny the signs of Allah and kill the prophets unjustly. That, because they would disobey and commit transgressions.” This verse indicates countries with high poverty and crime rates might be linked to poor-quality dietary intake and poor health. The outbreak of infectious diseases also affects the social and global economy, causing agricultural losses, decreasing tourism, the stock market crashing, job losses, shutting down many businesses, etc.

Financial Problems:

In a hadith reported in Ibn Majah, Abu Hurayra related that the Prophet (PBUH) said: On the night of the Miraj (Ascension), I came upon a group of people whose bellies were like houses. They were full of snakes which could be seen from outside their bellies. I asked Gabriel (Jibril), “Who are they?” He said, “They are the people who ate up riba (interest, usury). This hadith indicates overconsumption causes intestinal worm infection. Riba may lead to physiological and financial stress which increases a host’s vulnerability to parasites and pathogens. Some individuals perceive interest on loans as a reward for assuming the risk of lending money to others. But it can exploit the poor and deepen poverty. Wealthy lenders delay earnings to profit from future interest, enriching themselves while reducing debtors’ earnings. Interest damages the financial equilibrium of society.

Environmental and Global Problems:

One thousand five hundred years ago, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) identified Satan as the root cause of all personal, social, environmental, ecological, economic, agricultural, and global problems. Water quality, soil quality, climate (extreme weather) are some of the environmental problems that may impact productivity and food security. When irresponsible people fail to keep a fair balance in the ecosystem of their body and environment, the evil microbes become powerful, and people face health and environmental problems. In the Quran, Verse 133 of Chapter 7 says: “So We let loose upon them the flood, and the locusts, and the lice, and the frogs, and blood — all explicit signs (of imbalance) — but they were too arrogant. They were sinful people (who invited evil for their negligence).”

Humans, animals, and plants are interconnected with their physical environment, including soils, water, nutrients, etc. We need to interact with our surroundings to get our resources such as food, water, fuel, and medicine. When people harm nature, they harm themselves. Some infectious diseases and mechanisms of potential changing incidence are linked to ecosystem changes. For example, dengue fever is connected with urbanization, and Malaria and Leishmaniasis are linked to deforestation. We can prevent deforestation by planting trees, using less paper, recycling paper and cardboard, or using recycled products.

The reckless activities and excessive hoarding behavior of humans are responsible for most pollution and environmental damage. For example, some major contributors to air pollution are agriculture, transports, factories, waste, power plants, and households. Environmental factors are known to influence the growth of different life forms. Recent research suggests that air pollution might have an effect on human health by altering bacteria. It shows that black carbon dramatically changes how bacteria grow and form biofilms, which can affect their survival in the lining of airways and their resistance to antibiotics. High exposure to air pollution is linked to an increased risk of dementia, impaired cognitive development, lower intelligence levels, asthma, diabetes, respiratory and infectious diseases. Moreover, exposure to extreme heat may lead to heatstroke, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.

Climate change may assist in speeding up the respiration rate of the bacterial community and promoting physicochemical changes in the water. Climate change is also a cause of soil degradation, frequent drought, storms, heatwaves, rising sea levels, and warming oceans. Sunlight kills harmful bacteria and improves air quality in indoor environments. But high-rise buildings (skyscrapers, tall towers) block sunlight, increase the growth of harmful microbes, affect human health; therefore, city planning and building design matter. Too much bacterial growth can cause the collapse of tall buildings.

Many ancient sun-worshippers used solar energy to power their cities and built tall structures (like the Egyptian pyramids) which might have increased the growth rate of harmful bacteria, potentially leading to pandemics, frequent earthquakes, sudden changes in nature, droughts, loss of biodiversity, and other issues. The design of tall buildings also contributes to global warming and other geological issues such as earthquakes, subsidence, and changes in groundwater levels. The Quran indicates that Prophet Sulaimon (PBUH) was very careful in planning his kingdom. He invited the sun-worshipping queen of Sheba to visit and see the planning and architecture of his powerful kingdom. Queen Sheba submitted herself to the commands of Allah and His Prophet Sulaiman (PBUH) when she saw the application of the advanced knowledge of the wise Prophet Sulaiman (PBUH) in kingdom planning and architecture without disobeying the command of Allah. The Quran indicates that Sulaiman’s (PBUH) palace was paved smoothly with slabs of glass.

How A Self-Worshipper Turns into A Devil-Worshipper:

Do you know who ‘you’ really are? Is it your body, your personality (identity, nafs), or your soul (Ruh)? To me, we are ‘Ruh’ (the awareness of our existence without a physical body), while ‘Nafs’ refers to the influenced behavior, mental states, habits, and personality that express the manifestation of identity. We are the microscopic souls of the children of Adam, while our bodies are the coverings (garments) of our souls. Like bacteria, I believe that our soul is also an intelligent micro-life form with hearing, seeing, and reasoning abilities, but without physical ears, eyes, and hearts. Our intelligent souls are the leaders of our bodies and the developers of the ‘self’ (nafs, identity, spiritual growths).

Allah knows best about the true nature of our ‘Ruh’ and ‘Nafs’! ‘Self’ might represent our identity (a set of personal traits or characteristics) of the soul. To me, two types of ‘self’ can be developed according to our own actions: 1) higher self (positive personality traits/good characteristics that enlighten and illumine our soul) by following the guidance of Allah, or 2) lower self (negative or evil personality traits) by following the commands of Satan. The development of the ‘self’ (nafs) is constantly changing until death approaches. Our soul is responsible for developing and decorating our ‘self’ with good characteristics.

In a hadith, the Prophet (PBUH) said, “The existence of wisdom in a person manifests itself by his control over his ‘nafs’ and by his preparation of the things that will be beneficial after death. The sign of idiocy is one’s following the desires of one’s following the desires of one’s nafs and then expecting forgiveness and mercy from Allah.” Misguided people think they listen to what their inner mind or heart says, or they follow what their minds or hearts urge them to do. In reality, they do not follow their hearts; rather, most of them obey (worship) the whispers of the devil unintentionally and unknowingly. Therefore, the ‘self’ is not worthy of our worship. The Quran mentions: “Have you ever seen the one who has taken his own desires as his god? Would you take the responsibility of guiding him?” (Surah Furqan, 43) “…most surely self is wont to command (him to do) evil.” [12:53] “Many of the people of the Scripture wish if they could turn you away as disbelievers after you have believed out of envy from their own selves, even after the truth has become manifest unto them.” (Al-Baqarah: 109) But wise people can differentiate the voice of inner angels or devils and can differentiate between the right and wrong commands. And say, “My Lord, I seek refuge in You from the incitements of the devils.” (23:97)

Satan can hijack your body (immune cell) and mind if you do not take proper precautions. Sometimes the evil microbes of an infected individual might whisper to him to harm others. For example, bad bacteria may trigger anger or rage in an infected person. He, therefore, loses his or her patience and kills someone out of rage. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) informed mankind: “Whoever killed a Muahid (a person who is granted the pledge of protection) shall not smell the fragrance of Paradise though its fragrance can be smelled at a distance of forty years (of traveling).” [Bukhari]. Worshipping the commands of Satan makes your worldly life as stressful as hell and directs your path to the final destination of “hell.”

Neighborhoods with high levels of disorder and higher crime rates might be linked to many factors, such as poverty, temperature, imbalanced guts, unclean lifestyles, unhealthy environments, pollution, etc., which aid in the thriving of harmful microbes and increase the risk of developing mental illness and criminal behavior. People who are infected with Satan and follow the commands of Satan become like ‘Satan’ (disobedient, evil, stubborn, transgressors, oppressive, uncontrollable, criminal, and harmful). They take Satan as their allies rather than keeping him under control. Satan may influence dopamine, which leads to madness and risky and problematic behavior. Later, their persistent sin and transgression develop a lower self that makes their soul lower in rank among the worshippers.

The Quran mentions: “O you who have believed, do not follow the footsteps of Satan. And whoever follows the footsteps of Satan — indeed, he enjoins immorality and wrongdoing. And if not for the favor of Allah upon you and His mercy, not one of you would have been pure, ever (from germs, dirt, and impurities), but Allah purifies whom He wills, and Allah is Hearing and Knowing.” (24:21) Remember, when Iblis was thrown from heaven for his disobedience and arrogance, he challenged Allah: “I shall lie in wait for them (mankind) on Your straight path… You will find that most of them are ungrateful (for “worldly” blessing Allah grants mankind such as body, wealth, family, environment and as honoring them as the authority of the body and earth over angels and Jinn race).” Allah said to him: “Indeed, My servants — no authority will you have over them, except those who follow you of the deviators (wrong path).” [15:42]

We are the souls of the children of Adam who belong to their Creator and after acquiring wisdom and training your “self” in the worldly journey, our enlightened souls will return to Him. The straight path directs our enlightened souls to go back where we belong (peaceful eternal home “Heaven”). But Iblis and his agents want to mislead us from the path to meet our Creator and return back to our eternal home (Heaven). Rather he wants the souls of the children of Adam to go to a place of suffering “Hell” with him and his followers, where they are destined for their own transgressions and evil actions. “Have you not seen those who claim to have believed in what was revealed to you, [O Muhammad], and what was revealed before you? They wish to refer legislation to Taghut, while they were commanded to reject it; and Satan wishes to lead them far astray.” (4:60). “Say, “I seek refuge with (Allah) the Lord of mankind, The Kind of mankind, The Illah (God) of mankind, from the evil of the whisperer (devil who whispers evil in the hearts of men) who withdraws. “Who whispers in the breast of mankind. “Of jinn and men”. [Quran, 114:1–6].

Who are the allies of Satan?

People who assist the main enemy of mankind (Satan) intentionally or unintentionally (recklessly) by spreading germs or promoting the growth of evil microbes are allies of Satan. For example, people who waste food or worship idols; those who disbelieve in the Day of Judgment (disbelieve in answering to the Lord about their duty and accountability towards others and planet Earth) and make this world their paradise by storing and hoarding unnecessary stuff, helping the growth of germs in their houses but do not give unnecessary stuff and food to the poor; people who commit crime and wasting time in unnecessary activities (e.g., gossip) and spread germs; those who cause the spreading of disease or destruction to others through their unclean habits and reckless behavior, those who curse unreasonably, also intending to destroy and harm the children of Adam like Satan, and those who kill the children of Adam unjustly are likely the helpers of Satan. The plan of Satan is to destroy (kill) the children of Adam and damage the environment of the earth quickly to prove them as disqualified candidates for the position of the chosen authority of planet Earth. Whoever assists Satan against the children of Adam will go to hell with Satan if he or she does not ask forgiveness to God and change him or herself better; and whoever fights against Satan and protects mankind, other creations of Allah, and Planet Earth (environment) will go to Heaven with the grace of Allah. “Indeed, We have made the devils allies to those who do not believe (in the right path).” [7:27] “And whoever is blinded from remembrance of the Most Merciful — We appoint for him a devil, and he is to him a companion.” (43:36) Satan said: “And I will mislead mankind, and I will arouse in them [sinful] desires.” (4:119)

Human actions are propelled by various factors: fundamental needs such as sustenance, rest, and avoidance of discomfort, as well as incentives. Analyzing the narrative of Prophet Adam illustrates how Adam harbored a longing for eternal life in Heaven, leading him to consume from the forbidden tree. Iblis recognized the vulnerability inherent in Adam’s easily destabilized body, fashioned from clay. Adam and his wife were deceived by Iblis through his cunning whispers, leading Adam to prioritize his desires over the commands of Allah. Similarly, many of us today indeed find ourselves prioritizing our desires over other considerations.

Addressing Crime Associated with Satan: Strategies for a Safer Community:

Many non-Muslims believe that Islam promotes only punishment and that it advocates for the killing of homosexual people and those who commit adultery, among other things. However, when an entire community is misguided (as was the case in Mecca before the revelation of the Quran), it is not appropriate to punish the entire community. Instead, efforts should be made to guide, educate, and heal them. Even though the Quran is available nowadays, people have lost the understanding of the beneficial application of the Quran in society today. Allah does not punish a community without warning them. A great punishment awaits those who arrogantly reject the truth after being warned and educated about it. If they persist in committing crimes despite these efforts and show no signs of remorse or change, then punishment may be necessary for those who cannot be guided.

There is a saying: “Hate the sin, not the sinner.” Irresponsible people who negligently harm others are blameworthy.But hating each other does not bring peace to the world; rather, raising awareness, taking precautions, and preventive measures to control harmful microbes unitedly will solve personal, social, and global problems. Abu Daawood narrated in az-Zuhd (232) from Abu Qilaabah that he said: A man was taken past Abud-Darda for a hadd punishment that he had incurred, and the people hurled insults at him. The Prophet said: ‘Do not revile your brother, and praise Allah Who has protected you from sin.’ He said: ‘Don’t you think that if you saw him in a dry well, you would rescue him and bring him out?’ They said: ‘Yes. He said: So, do not revile your brother, and praise Allah who has protected you from sin.’ It was said to him: ‘Don’t you hate him?’ He said: ‘I do not hate him; rather I hate his action, and if he gives it up, he will be my brother.’ It was narrated by Abu Daawood and al-Bayhaqi as follows: A man who had drunk alcohol was brought to the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) who instructed his Companions to beat him. Some of them beat him with their sandals, some with their hands and some with their garments. Then he said “Enough!” Then he instructed them to rebuke him and tell him how reprehensible his deed was, and they said: Do you not feel embarrassed before the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) to have done such a thing? Then he let him go, and when he turned to leave, the people began to pray against him and revile him, and one of them said: O Allah, put him to shame, O Allah, curse him. The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “Do not say such things (do not help the Shaytaan against him); rather say: O Allah, forgive him, O Allah, have mercy on him (give him guidance or ability to understand right from wrong).”

The Quran and Hadith identify people with negative traits and criminal or sinner behavior as “sick” who are affected by Satan. They need healing and treatment. However, proper behavior modification techniques, guidance, proper diet, good hygiene, and a healthy environment might change the evil nature of humans and modify them as rightly-guided people if Allah wills. Allah accepts the repentance of those who do evil in ignorance and repent soon afterward; to them will Allah turn in mercy. The Quran encourages behavior modification: “Turn penitently to Him and submit to Him before the punishment overtakes you, whereupon you will not be helped.” (Surah Zumar, 54). “And whoever repents and acts righteously indeed turns to Allah with due penitence” (Surah Zumar, 70). “But [acceptance of] repentance is not for those who go on committing misdeeds: when death approaches any of them, he says, ‘I repent now.’ Nor is it for those who die while they are faithless. For such We have prepared a painful punishment.” (Surah Tahrim, 18).

Only punishment without addressing the root causes of crime cannot effectively reduce criminal activity. Individuals living in poverty are less likely to have access to the right education, healthcare, housing, healthy food, job opportunities, and physical activity. First, we need to educate the community, address the rise in unemployment, reduce poverty through initiatives like zakat and sadaqa, expand safety and promote healthy lifestyles, ensure basic needs are met, improve the quality of life, promote transparency and accountability in government, and strengthen law enforcement. These measures are crucial to addressing and reducing crime and corruption.

In order to reduce criminal activities, captives (prisoners) must be fed and clothed properly in correctional facilities (e.g., reducing red meat, overcoming alcohol/drug habits, choosing healthy foods, providing protective clean clothes) and encouraged physical activities, prayer, and good hygiene practices, provided guidance, etc. The Quran states, “(The righteous leaders are those) who give food in spite of love for it to the needy, the orphan, and the captive, (Saying), ‘We feed you only for the countenance of Allah.’ [76:8] Many vulnerable orphans and widows end up in crime (e.g., lying, cheating, stealing due to poverty and difficult situations), prison, prostitution, and drug addiction. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) values widows, especially those who keep bringing up their children. The Prophet (blessings and peace of God be upon him) promised such women to be with him at his degree in paradise; he (Blessings and peace of God be upon him) said: “Me and a lively woman like these two (fingers) at the Day of Judgment, a woman who becomes a widow after her husband while she has a good position and still pretty and keeps herself bringing up her children until they grow up or die.”

We know that for behavior modification, we need to use reward and punishment strategies in society. One thousand and five hundred years ago, as a teacher and spiritual guide, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) set examples of successful human behavior modification through proper guidance, preaching, and educating his companions about themselves and their invisible enemy forces (Satan), encouraging and complimenting good deeds, and explaining the reward of heaven and the punishment of hell. During his prophethood, many companions were able to modify their undesirable behavior by following the teachings of Allah and His messengers, practicing self-control, and training their lower selves patiently.

Prophet Muhammad was not only a teacher and spiritual guide for mankind but also for the Jinn community. As Allah’s chosen authority, it is our responsibility to awaken our inner misguided Qarin Jinn, keep them under the control of human authority, and guide them on the right path. When we watch and hear good things, eat healthily, and recite the Quran, our inner Qarin Jinn may also be kept under our control and aware that our purpose in life is nothing but to worship the Creator. Allah commands Jinn to accept human authority and become submissive and obedient; and if he is disobedient to Allah, his destination will be hell like Iblis. Abdullah ibn Masud reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Each one of you has a devil-companion from the jinn over him.” They said, “Even you, O Messenger of Allah?” The Prophet (PBUH) said, “Even me, yet Allah helped me against him until he embraced Islam. He does not command me to do anything but good.” (Sahih Muslim).

Even some stubborn bad bacteria that are roaming in the air may turn into good and obedient (controllable) bacteria with behavior modification techniques. Bacteria are all around and inside us. Some of them are turncoats, with the ability to suddenly switch from good to bad.

In the Quran, “Surah Jinn” tells us how to turn a bad jinni into a good jinni: “Say: It has been revealed to me that a party of the jinn listened, and they said: Surely we have heard a wonderful Quran (guidance)” [72:1]. The Surah Jinn indicates that Jinn have different faiths; some of them are Muslims, while others worship differently. During the time of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), some jinn heard the Quran and understood its valuable application in their lives. The Quran teaches how Prophet Solomon (PBUH) modified the behavior of some Sayatin (stubborn Jinn) to obedient jinn who assisted him in performing beneficial acts for mankind. Prophet Solomon (PBUH) never engaged stubborn jinn to harm humanity. Whenever any Jinn became stubborn, Prophet Solomon (PBUH) punished them with blazing fire. The Quran mentions: “And (We made) the wind (subservient) to Sulaiman, which made a month’s journey in the morning and a month’s journey in the evening, and We made a fountain of molten copper flow out for him, and of the jinn, there were those who worked before him by the command of his Lord; and whoever turned aside from Our command from among them, We made him taste the punishment of burning” (34:12).

You’re in a constant battle with yourself. How to practice self-control, develop self-discipline, make the right decisions, and manage your inner struggles to keep yourself away from Satan:

· Educate yourself and identify triggers: The Quran provides guidelines for maintaining balance within oneself and understanding right from wrong actions. Recognize the situations, emotions, or thoughts that tend to make you vulnerable to Satan’s influence and stay accountable. Create a strategy for how you will respond when faced with these triggers and follow the commands of Allah and His messengers.

· Think before you act and have patience: Every child of Adam is born a fighter and leader. In this worldly journey, the enlightenment of the soul can be achieved through “test-train-trial-control-error-repent-conquer,” which needs patience to keep. Any soul of the children of Adam that has defeated its own inner enemies (Satan) and achieved the development of a higher “self” is enlightened and successful. Alqamah reported: Abdullah ibn Mas’ud, may Allah be pleased with him, said, “Patience is half of faith, and conviction is faith in its entirety.” (Shuab al-Iman) People who can control their temptation patiently and modify the undesirable behavior of the “self” become fit to journey to a higher station (heaven). Abu Nuaym reported: Al-Hasan al-Basri, may Allah have mercy on him, said, “Whoever has these four traits, Allah will forbid him from entering Hellfire and grant him refuge from Satan: one who controls himself at a time of hope and a time of fear, at a time of passion and a time of anger.” (Ḥilyat al-Awliya)

As emotionally intelligent beings, we need to use our emotions wisely. When the stubborn inner Jinn triggers your anger, do some physical activities to digest your food and balance your gut. If your inner evil triggers social comparison with others and commands you to waste your money in gambling, you should use your competitive behavior to do good acts (e.g. donate food to the poor). Be a leader of your own body, mind, and inner “self” and do not allow inner devils to play with your emotions. Like Umar (RA), whenever his inner devil (Satan) suggested him to do bad actions, he did opposite actions (good actions) to keep his inner evil in the state of submission and keep control under him to protect his body and mind. Satan has no control over your actions unless you follow his commands or allow him to do so. Muhammad ibn Ziyad reported: Wahb ibn Munabbih, may Allah have mercy on him, said, “Whoever places his lusts beneath his feet, Satan will flee from his shadow. Whoever overcomes his whims by his forbearance, that one is among the victorious scholars.” (Ḥilyat al-Awliya)

· Recite Quran daily, seek guidance, and ask Allah’s help: Communicate with your cells through cell signaling communication by reciting the Quranic verses (4 Qul and Ayatul Kursi) and blowing them over your body. Say, “My Lord, I seek refuge in You from the incitements of the devils, and I seek refuge in You, my Lord, lest they be present with me.” (23:97–98) Abdur Rahman ibn Khanbash reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “Jibril came to me and he said: O Muhammad, speak! I said: What should I say? Jibril said: Say, I seek refuge in the perfect words of Allah from the evil of what He has created, dispersed, and shaped, from the evil of what descends from the sky, from the evil of what ascends therein, from the evil of trials by night and day, and from the evil of every visitor by night except one who visits for good, O Most Merciful.” (Musnad Ahmad)

Seeking refuge from evil and praying for help from the Creator will assist you in overcoming your lower self and will inspire you to do good. Without Allah’s guidance and help, it is not easy to walk on the right path. For example, you are driving while another intoxicated person is behind you, and his inner Satan influences his subconscious mind and attention to smash your car. If Allah wants to help you, He will send His invisible angelic force to guard your life. Many people describe near-death experiences as miracles, but those are the help of Allah.

• Use the power of the beneficial word: The Messenger (PBUH) said — “When the call to prayer is made, Shaytaan flees on his heels….” Satan can react to spoken words differently. Always speak well and talk to yourself more positively. Allah says, “And say to My servants that they should speak that which is best. Surely, Satan stirs up discord among them. Surely, Satan is an open enemy to man.” (Quran 17:54) Start everything with “In the name of the Creator” (Bismillah), which will limit the exercising power of the stubborn Jinn community because Iblis and his follower stubborn Jinn are not granted control over the believers who strictly follow the guidance of Allah. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, “He who recites three times every morning and evening: ‘Bismillahil-ladhi la yadurru ma’as-mihi shai’un fil-ardi wa la fis-sama’i, wa Huwas-Sami’ul-’Alim (In the Name of Allah with Whose Name there is protection against every kind of harm in the earth or in the heaven, and He is the All-Hearing and All- Knowing),’ nothing will harm him.” [Tirmidhi]

· Enhance your self-control and self-discipline through effort and patience: Avoiding temptations, focusing on specific goals, doing good, thinking positively, practicing patience, gratitude, reliance on Allah, and remembering the commands of Allah (the Quran) and the consequences of your actions (punishments in this world and the hereafter) can help you regulate your behavior effectively.

· Adopt a proper diet and healthy lifestyle: A poor diet, changes that increase protein and sugar intake, alcohol consumption, inadequate hygiene, lack of physical activity and sleep, unhealthy habits, and overeating often lead to gut dysbiosis. Maintain a balance between good and bad bacteria in the microbiome to control diseases and disorders. Intermittent fasting is a beneficial practice to train your gut to resist food temptations and improve its health.

· Eat less, speak less, and laugh little: The mouth plays a greater role in the infection and transmission of harmful viruses and bacteria. Bacteria sneak into our blood through our mouths. If you see the invisible enemies in the air with naked eyes, you may be afraid to open your mouth. Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) said, “Whoever can guarantee (the chastity of) what is between his two jaw-bones (mouth) and what is between his two legs (private part), I guarantee Paradise for him.” (Bukhari). The Prophet (PBUH) said, “One should not sleep before the night prayer, nor have discussions after it (the night when harmful microbes might be more active).”

Abdullah ibn Amr reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Verily, Allah despises an extravagant speaker among men who flaps his tongue about like the flapping of a cow.” (Sunan al-Tirmidhi) The tongue play activities are linked to cattle diseases and manganese deficiency. Controlling your tongue would be one of the best practices to prevent the entry of germs inside our bodies. Moreover, tiny speech particles can carry respiratory pathogens such as measles virus, influenza virus, etc. Gossipers, backbiters, loud speakers, and compulsive talkers behave as speech superemitters who produce large quantities of particles that may assist airborne infectious disease transmission. The effects of lying and singing are too small to see by the eye, but these activities are large enough to affect a large number of people.

· Stay physically active: Exercise assists digestion and promotes the growth of your good gut bacteria. Sweating while doing physical exercises can assist you in balancing the temperature in your body. When a companion complained to the Prophet (PBUH) about being overweight, the Prophet advised him to walk fast. The more you walk and the faster your pace, the more calories you’ll burn. Abu Hurairah said, “I did not see anyone walk faster than him (Prophet Muhammad PBUH) as if the earth folded for him.”

Moreover, a believer’s five daily Islamic prayer Salat (physical activity with a spiritual connection with Allah) is not idle worship. Dedicated Salat keeps a person away from sin and evil. Because many undesirable behaviors, mental health issues, and psychological disorders and crimes have long been linked to the neurotransmitter dopamine under the influence of Satan (waswas), such as impulsivity, addiction, delusions, obsessions, etc. Salat aids in recovering from our addiction and unhealthy abusive habits, increases self-control and self-discipline, and regulates our brain chemistry and mood in healthy, natural ways. There are many authentic narrations wherein the Prophet (PBUH) placed great emphasis on learning archery as well as swimming. Make physical activities a part of your family’s routine. Teach your children swimming, archery, and horse riding.

· Guard your vision and hearing: Be careful about what you watch, speak, and hear because you share the same content with your companions — angels and Qarin Jinn. Angels may disturb you if you are watching improper things while Satan tempts you to do evil acts. In order to keep control of the inner devil under your authority, avoid watching, hearing, and speaking immoral things as much as possible. Also, avoid useless speech, backbiting, stressful news, and looking at things that allow your inner bacteria to trigger your temptation and depression. The Quran teaches you how to control your gaze and save yourself from the whispers of Satan: “Say to the believing men and women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty: that will make for greater purity for them: And Allah is well acquainted with all that they do.” (24:30–31) On the other hand, Islam teaches to keep the body covered and not wear appealing dress so that mankind would not assist Satan who commands immorality.

· Guard yourself against evil and practice hygiene: We need to cover our skin and hair properly with protective clothing to avoid excessive exposure to heat and protect ourselves from evil. More than 100,000 bacteria could sit on the tip of a strand of human hair. Thriving fungi and bacteria are residents of the human scalp and skin. Wear a face mask when running outdoors. Masks are highly effective against air pollution and the high risk of exposure to harmful airborne infections. Perform wudu frequently to clean the routes that serve as the entrance for bad bacteria and viruses to save your beneficial microbes and yourself. If you allow the invaders to enter your body, they will attack your good companion microbes and weaken your immune system. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) taught personal hygiene practices such as washing your hands frequently (five times a day), bathing in clean water, cleaning your teeth frequently, flossing your teeth, cleaning and trimming your nails, cleaning private parts properly after urinating and sexual intercourse, wearing clean clothes, covering your mouth when you yawn, getting restful sleep, etc.

· Choose a good companion, leave a bad companion: People around you may affect your life. Choose companions and spouses very carefully. If you choose a friend with poor hygiene and an unhealthy lifestyle who cannot control his or her emotions and inner lower self; you might be at a great loss. For example, the inner stubborn jinn of your friend whispers to take alcohol, and your friend follows his inner devil’s advice and advises you to take alcohol with him. ‘To be alone is better than to sit with bad companions, and to sit with a good companion is better than to be alone, and to tell a good thing to anyone is better than to keep quiet and to keep quiet is better than to tell a bad thing.’ (Baihaqi)

Stay connected with believers who live a clean and righteous lifestyle. Educate your family members to balance their gut and practice good hygiene and keep their inner devil under control of their authorities so that believers inspire each other in completing good deeds and cultivating positive habits (acts of kindness).

· Live in a clean environment: Live in a clean home environment and avoid a dry environment and too much heat exposure. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) encourages us to follow the middle way. Warmth, moisture, pH levels, and oxygen levels are the physical and chemical factors affecting bacterial growth. Avoid living in tall buildings that increase the growth of harmful bacteria.

· Repentance and seeking forgiveness, and forgive others: Remember that everyone makes mistakes, and only Allah is faultless. From Anas, the Prophet (PBUH) said, “All the descendants of Adam are guilty and the best of those who are guilty are those who repent.” (Tirmidhi). Believers who unintentionally follow the evil companions and do wrong actions, pray to the Creator and repent quickly to their Creator for their mistakes with tears and try to avoid making the same mistakes in the future as much as possible. “O you who have faith! Repent to Allah with sincere repentance! Maybe your Lord will absolve you of your misdeeds and admit you into gardens with streams running in them, on the day when Allah will not let down the Prophet and the faithful who are with him. Their light will move swiftly before them and on their right. They will say, ‘Our Lord! Perfect our light for us, and forgive us! Indeed, You have power over all things.’” (Surah Tahrim 8) Say: “I seek the forgiveness of Allah the Mighty, Whom there is none worthy of worship except Him, the Living, the Eternal, and I repent to Him.” (Abu Dawud) Allah declares, ‘O My servants who have committed excesses against their own souls, do not despair of the mercy of Allah. Indeed, Allah will forgive all sins. Indeed, He is the All-forgiving, the All-merciful.’ (Surah Zumar 53). “Except those who repent, attain faith, and act righteously. For such, Allah will replace their misdeeds with good deeds, and Allah is all-forgiving, all-merciful.” (Surah Zumar 70). “And He it is Who accepts repentance from His servants and pardons the evil deeds and He knows what you do.” (Ash-Shuraa 42: 25). “Do they not know that Allah accepts repentance from His servants and takes the alms and that Allah is the Oft-returning (to mercy), the Merciful?” (At-Taubah, 104)

The Quran teaches us through the mistakes of Adam and his wife. They ate the forbidden food by following the whispers of Satan and disobeyed the commands of Allah, losing their honorable status in heaven. However, the difference between Iblis and Adam was that the arrogant Iblis never repented for his actions, while Adam repented to Allah for his mistakes and said: “Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves, and if You do not forgive us and have mercy upon us, we will surely be among the losers.” (Surah al Araf, 23) Merciful Allah accepted Adam’s repentance and cast Iblis away due to his arrogance, lack of repentance, and unapologetic attitude.

The world is full of lies and deception:

To test the children of Adam in their use of intellect, worship of Allah, and acceptance of responsibilities to maintain balance in the ecosystem — encompassing the body, family, society, earth, sea, and sky — and protect Allah’s creations from invisible evil forces, Allah has programmed and designed this world. To me, the programmed reality of the world unfolds in such a way that if the children of Adam, chosen authorities of Allah, adhere to Allah’s guidelines, maintain a fair balance in the ecosystem of the body, earth, sea, and sky, and foster the growth of good microbes, they will experience peace as a reward. Conversely, promoting the growth of evil microorganisms leads to diseases, pandemics, disasters, wars, and social stress as punishments.

The reality of this world serves as a temporary journey for the souls of the children of Adam. These traveler souls came to worldly life to combat the main enemy, Satan, overcome the lower self, attain enlightenment, and become fit for the journey to a higher station (Heaven). This world consists of some elements from heaven (beneficial things, joy) and some elements from hell (e.g., heat, suffering, devils). The description of heaven includes a beautiful garden with fresh fruits, delicious food, meat, milk, tall towers, beautiful appearances, flowing water, gold, silver, silk, furniture, cloth, luxury, etc. However, many heavenly materials in this world are tainted and serve as a habitat for the invisible invaders of disease-causing bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms for testing purposes.

The names of the chapters (Surahs) in the Quran provide hints about where and with whom invisible and harmful microbes live or the effects caused by them, such as cows (Baraqa), cattle (Al-Anam), a table spread with food (Maida), mountain (Toor), the star (Najm), shrouding in darkness (At Takweer), he frowned (Abasa), women (Nisa), cloth/the cloaked one (Al Muddathithir), unseen Jinn (Jinn), the gathering (Al Hash), private apartments, rooms, or houses (Al-Hujuraat), tall buildings/the elevated places (Al-Araf), a dirty house is a magnet for “ants” (An Naml), humans (Al-Insan), caves (Kahf), “openings” or hole-punching bacteria that drill into our cells (Fatiha), gold, the spoils of war (Anfal), rocky tract (Hijr), night journey or sleep (Isra), poets or people with time-wasting creativities (Ash-Shuara), Romans, Pagans (Rum), clans, a group of people, bloodline (Ahzab), crowds, gatherings (Zumar), ornaments of gold, gold (Zukhruf), smoke (Dukhan), “crouching” precariously above the toilet seat (Jaathiyah), winding sand, dust (Ahqaaf, Shaariyaat), moon (Qamar), iron (Hadid), gathering (Hashr), the examined or judged one (Mumtahanah), prohibition acts (Tahreem), writing or pen or devices (Qalam), divorce, cheating (Talaq, Taghabun), the ways of ascent from the sky (Maarij), fraud (Mutaffifin), stations of the stars or planets (Burj), nightcomer (Taariq), the highest (Ala), the city (Balad), sun (ash shams), clot of blood (Alaq), sudden calamity or accident (Qaariah), flight of time (Asr), elephant/vehicle (Fil), Jinn attracts the place where spiders live because “spiders” live in dark and messy houses (Ankabut), unbelievers who reject to live clean (Kafiroon), twisted strands, DNA/twisted strands (Masad), etc.

Do not judge the worldly material by its appearance. The reality of this world is that all heavenly materials in this world are cursed (infected, contaminated, full of invisible disease-causing invaders) except for the remembrance of Allah (and His guidelines). This world of deception is designed to break your heart. Being too attached and addicted to anyone or anything in this world will destroy your heart and mind, except for the remembrance of the Creator and your final destination (life after death). Anyone who tries to make their own “heaven” in this world will be infected with diseases, disasters, disorders, and sufferings in this world, and hereafter they are at a great loss. The Quran mentions: “Say, ‘Not equal are evil and the good, although the abundance of evil might impress (tempt) you. So, fear Allah, O you of understanding, that you may be successful.” [5:100]

Remember, Iblis and his agents planned to attack the heavenly materials in this world. He said, “Do You see this one whom You have honored above me? If You delay me until the Day of Resurrection, I will surely destroy his descendants, except for a few.” (Allah) said, “Go, for whoever of them follows you, indeed Hell will be your recompense — an ample recompense. And incite whoever you can among them with your voice and assault them with your horses and foot soldiers and become a partner in their wealth (property, resources, and belongings) and their children and promise them.” But Satan does not promise them anything except delusion. Indeed, over My [believing] servants, there is for you no authority (who follow My guidance). And sufficient is your Lord as Disposer of affairs.” [17:62–65] (Iblis) said: “By Your glory, I shall mislead them all except those of Your servants, sincere and purified (clean) [38:82–83]

In order to enter the peaceful real Heaven, believers have to use reason and intellect to differentiate the truth from the falsehood of this world, practice self-control on the temptation of heavenly materials in this world patiently until they enter their eternal home “Heaven.” Wise people will submit their so-called “free will” to the commands and wills of Allah because they know whatever Allah commands to do to them in this world that is beneficial for this world and the hereafter. If there are no harmful microbes (e.g., bacteria, viruses) in this world, there will be an end to distress, diseases, deaths, and disasters. Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said. “The (Hell) Fire is surrounded by all kinds of desires and passions, while Jannah is surrounded by adversities.” [Al-Bukhari; Muslim; Riyad as-Salihin]

The vehicle of evil microbes is a nonliving physical substance, such as water, blood, food, or inanimate objects, that can transmit waterborne, foodborne, and meat-borne diseases. Vectors are living intermediaries that can also transmit viruses. Additionally, some other factors, such as the environment and climate, affect whether or not the host will come into contact with the pathogens. The Quran warned mankind: “Do not follow the footsteps of Satan. How can we trace the foot soldiers of Iblis? What are some spots where Satan put his footsteps?

Vehicles of Evil:

1. Gold: In this world, gold is considered the excrement of bacteria that consume toxic metals. Gold may be linked to the trachea, bronchus, lung, stomach, and liver, potentially increasing the frequency of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), silicosis, and pleural diseases. Abdullah b. Abbas reported that Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) saw a person wearing a gold signet ring on his hand. He (the Prophet) pulled it off and threw it away, saying: “One of you is wishing to live with coal from Hell, putting it on his hand.” It was said to the person after Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) had left: “Take your gold signet ring and derive benefit from it,” whereupon he said: “No, by Allah, I would never take it when Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) has thrown it away.” Even though the Prophet (PBUH) allowed wearing gold jewelry for females, he prohibited men from wearing gold. Gold nanoparticles may reduce sperm parameters and affect fertility. Further research is needed to explore gender differences in the use of gold in their health.

1. Silver: Silver was once considered a powerful weapon against microbes, but recent research has shown that silver can turn bacteria into deadly zombies. Anas b. Malik reported that when Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) decided to write letters to the Byzantine Emperor, his Companions told him that they would not read a letter unless it was sealed. Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) then had a silver ring made unwillingly for sealing purposes as an authority of Madinah. He said to others: “No one should engrave anything like the engraving of this signet ring of mine,” and when he wore it, he kept its stone towards the inside of his palm. Anas b. Malik reported that one day he saw a silver ring on the finger of Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him), and the people (his followers) also made silver rings and put them on. Later, Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) threw his ring away, and so the people also threw away their rings.
2. Silk: Another disease-causing material in this world is silk. The production of silk requires large numbers of silkworms, which become vulnerable to infectious diseases.
3. Garden: While fresh fruits and vegetables from the garden are desirable, invisible invaders are everywhere. Recent research found that gardeners with compromised immunity are at the highest risk of contracting diseases. Bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni, and Listeria monocytogenes are present in gardens due to the use of fertilizer consisting of cow, horse, chicken, or animal manure. These bacterial infections can lead to organ failure.
4. Soil-produced foods: Food contamination is a global public health issue, causing foodborne diseases. In this world, most delicious foods are contaminated and toxic. Soils produce foods that are highly susceptible to bacterial contamination. Some bacteria live in the roots of legumes (pea plants). Eating undercooked or raw legumes can cause vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, and bloating. As the Quran mentions: “And when you said, ‘O Moses, ‘We will not put up with one kind of food. So, invoke your Lord for us, so that He may bring forth for us that which the earth grows — its greens and cucumbers, Its garlic, lentils, and onions.’ He said, ‘Do you seek to replace what is superior with that which is inferior?’ This verse indicates that sometimes foods ‘which the earth grows’ might be less nutritious.
5. Fruit and vegetables: Fruits are vehicles for the transmission of pathogens. Wash raw fruits and vegetables before peeling, cutting, or eating. Wash fruit even if you plan to peel it. Harmful microbes on the peel can contaminate the rest of the fruit when you peel it.
6. Meat: “And of the grazing livestock are carriers and those [too] small. Eat of what Allah has provided for you (not contaminated, clean), and do not follow the footsteps of Satan (contaminated). Indeed, he is to you a clear enemy.” [6:112] Most of the world’s meat is contaminated, especially beef and pork. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “Use the milk and fat of the cow and avoid its flesh, for indeed its milk and fat are a medicine and its flesh are a disease (unhealthy and contaminated by harmful microbes).” Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) outbreaks are linked to the consumption of contaminated beef products. However, the prophet (PBUH) ate a little mutton and camel meat, which were slaughtered following a specific procedure and mentioned in the name of Allah.
7. Blood: Blood and dead animals are carriers of harmful microbes. Some bacteria that live within the body feed off iron-rich molecules (e.g., hemoglobin in the red blood cells of your blood). Many nations consume blood as food, often in combination with meat and sausage. The Quran mentions: “Allah has forbidden you dead meat, and blood, and the flesh of swine, and that which any other name has been invoked besides that of Allah. But if one is forced by necessity, without willful disobedience, nor transgressing due limits, then he is guiltless. For Allah is Most forgiving, Most Merciful.” (2: 173) Additionally, when people donate blood, they may donate their bacteria to others. Viable bacteria can be present in the blood and plasma of donors. Infection remains one of the causes of post-transfusion mortality. The Epstein-Barr virus can spread through blood during blood transfusions and organ transplantations.
8. Animal fat: Various pathogenic organisms can survive in fats, even though it is used to make soap, balm, foods, and candles. The Quran forbids the consumption of fat: “And to those who are Jews, We prohibited every animal of the uncloven hoof, and of the cattle and the sheep, We prohibited to them their fat, except what adheres to their backs or the entrails or what is joined with bone…” (6:146). However, the Prophet (PBUH) did not prohibit other fat sources that offer great health benefits, such as milk fat, cheese, etc.
9. Milk: The unpleasant odor, putrid flavors, and bad taste of spoiled milk are the result of bacterial contamination.
10. Alcohol: Alcohol in this world can turn people into intoxicants, caused by invisible invaders. Alcohol is detrimental to your gut health.
11. Contaminated water: The ingestion of pathogenic organisms can occur from contaminated food or water. Avoid contact with contaminated water that contains many viruses. The Prophet (PBUH) said: “Don’t any of you urinate in still water and then bathe in it.” Providing better waste disposal, clean water, and better nutrition assists in reducing human disease and death rates.
12. Inanimate objects: Beware! Satan on your plate if you leave leftovers on it after eating. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) taught us to clean our fingers (licking) and plates after eating so that Satan cannot share our food. Inanimate objects, such as cooking or eating utensils and instruments contaminated by an infected individual, can also transmit infection. For example, the Epstein-Barr virus can be spread by using toothbrushes or drinking glasses of an infected person.
13. Vehicle: Even your car is under attack by invisible bad microbes. Satan rode the rider with the camel, just as germs hitch a ride on the skin of living vehicles. Previously, human MERS-CoV infection was transmitted through close contact with an infected camel. Air travel can also facilitate the spread of disease nationally and internationally.
14. Clothes: Unclean clothes can spread germs and diseases. Clothing from ill persons can become highly contaminated with germs. When people take off clothes in another place other than their clean home, their clothes become germy. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “If a woman takes off her clothes in a place other than her husband’s house (where she lives), Allah will tear His cover away from her.” [Ahmad, At-Tabraani, and Al-Haakim] Several thousand times more deadly bacteria sit on unwashed beautiful clothes and sheets than on a toilet seat.
15. Laundry: Research has shown that blood, feces, and saliva-borne pathogens can be transmitted by laundry. Exposure to germs can occur while handling dirty laundry or transferring wet laundry from the washer to the dryer.
16. Shoe: A study conducted by Good Morning America and the University of Arizona found that shoes are dirtier than a toilet seat. If deadly germs are sitting in your shoes and clothes, death is nearer to him than his shoelaces.
17. Furniture: The more accessories and furniture you have, the more vulnerable you are to an attack by bacteria, germs, and viruses that grow on solid surfaces (e.g., unclean furniture).
18. Bedding: Jabir ibn Abdullah reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “There is bedding for a man, bedding for his wife, the third bedding for his guest, and the fourth is for Satan.” [Sahih Muslim] Streptococcus mutans is a bacterium that sleeps on your pillow. Clean your bed before sleeping. The Prophet (PBUH) said, “When any one of you goes to bed, he should take hold of the hem of his lower garment and then should clean (his bed) with the help of that and then should recite the name of Allah.”
19. Carpet: Researchers found that carpet can contain 200,000 bacteria per square inch. Jabir b. Abdullah reported: When I was married. Jabir b. Abdullah reported: When I was married. Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) asked me if I had got carpets. I said: How can we have carpets? Thereupon he said: You will soon have. Jabir said: My wife had possessed a carpet. and I said to her to remove that away from me, but she would say! Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) had said: Yon will soon have.
20. Refrigerator: Listeria monocytogenes can grow and multiply in your freezer and refrigerator. Unclean fridges contain harmful bacteria that can cause respiratory and urinary infections. Do not overfill your fridge. Allow the air to circulate more effectively and maintain a consistent temperature.
21. High-touch surfaces: Many surfaces and objects you touch every day are germy, such as money, books, cards, elevator buttons, toilet flush handles, doorknobs, cellphones, computer keyboards etc. Transmission can occur indirectly by touching a contaminated surface. Some of the passages of the early Quran were written down on parchment, stone, palm leaves, and the shoulder blades of camels. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) taught us to perform wudu (handwashing) before touching the Quran (high-touch surfaces). Your cell phone is ten times dirtier than a toilet seat. University of Arizona researchers also found that the average desktop has 400 times more bacteria than the average toilet seat. Researchers from the Swinburne University of Technology in Australia found that shared keyboards can have high levels of bacteria.
22. Mineral and Materials: Bacteria colonize minerals that are not antibacterial. Bacteria can grow on different materials and surfaces, including aluminum, glass, stainless steel, polymers, etc.
23. Idols, Images, & Statues: Idols and statues are the homes of harmful microbes. “…therefore, avoid the uncleanness of the idols and avoid false words.” (Surah Hajj 22:30) Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “The angels do not enter a house in which there is a dog, nor an image in a likeness.” Bacteria can sit on items you use every day, such as TV, laptop, hanging picture frames, etc.
24. Hands: “Whatever affliction (disease) befalls you, it is because of what your hands have earned, and yet He overlooks many (of the wrongs you do).” [Ash-Shura 42:30] Germs are transmitted from unclean hands to food or those who didn’t wash their hands after using the toilet and before eating a meal. Wash your hands often with water (wudu). It’s important to wash them before eating or preparing food and after using the restroom. If water is not readily available, use clean clay as a natural hand sanitizer.
25. Nail, Hair, & Skin: Your skin, scalp, and hair, which you love, are the homes of bad bacteria unless you wash and cover your body and hair properly. Scientists from Seoul National University in Korea studied the bacteria that inhabit our refrigerators and toilet seats and found that many of the bacteria present were also resident on human skin. Longer hair has a much greater surface region to attract more viruses and more air pollution. Longer fingernails can also harbor more bacteria. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) recommended keeping nails short and trimming the mustache frequently. Harmful microbes can enter your mouth while you drink with a long mustache.
26. Mouth and Teeth: Some bacteria swim around your mouth and search for sugary and starchy foods in your teeth. These bacteria consume leftovers from your mouth and produce acid, causing tooth decay.
27. Speech Droplets (Respiratory Droplets) and Aerosols: Droplets from speech can float in the air. Airborne viruses can be transmitted within droplets when a person speaks or sings. When speakers or singers sing, they not only fill their mouths with germs but also spread germs among the people around them. A recent article mentions that respiratory smallest droplets emitted during speech can transmit oral bacteria and infectious viruses to others. Loud speech might generate significantly higher numbers of potentially infectious respiratory droplets.

Therefore, there is a risk of aerosol transmission at close range through breathing, talking, speaking, singing loudly, shouting, coughing, sneezing, and laughing. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Woe to the one who tells lies to make people laugh, woe to him.” (Narrated by Abu Dawood). He also said: “…If you knew what I know, you would laugh little and weep often.” (Sahih Muslim) The Quran states, “Then, whoever did (even) an atom’s worth of good, shall see it, and whoever commits an atom’s worth of evil, shall see it (the consequence on a microscopic level)” (99: 7–8). The Prophet Muhammad said, “Anyone who believes in God and the Last Day should either speak well or remain silent.” Abdullah bin Amr bin el-‘Aas related that the Apostle of God said, “Whoever holds his tongue attains salvation” (Musnad Ahmed). It is advised to walk away from gatherings or engage in useless conversations to protect oneself from harmful microbes and the spread of diseases.

1. Body Fluids: Body fluids, such as saliva, semen, and vaginal fluid, can be infectious. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) used to take a shower right after sexual intercourse.
2. Feces and Urine: Foodborne transmission of viruses occurs through contact with waste, urine, and sewage-polluted water. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) taught us that bone and animal dung are the food of jinn. Bacteria can obtain energy and nutrients by decomposing dead organisms and wastes or breaking down chemical compounds.
3. Farts: It is still unknown whether farts can transmit germs or not. But a hadith indicates farts may spread germs. Satan farts and runs away when he hears the call to prayer. Avoid food (legumes, onions, garlic) that causes flatulence and gas.
4. Blowing and Smoking: The Prophet (PBUH) forbade blowing into (hot) food or drink because blowing out can spread bacteria. A recent study has shown that blowing out birthday candles increases bacteria on the cake. Inhaling smoke is detrimental to your health, as smoke may carry and spread infectious diseases.
5. Musical Instrument: Woodwind instruments (e.g., a flute played by blowing air through the mouthpiece) may spread germs. There is a saying: “Music is the instrument of Satan.” A new study found that germs that caused disease can live on musical instruments long after the music stops. The study found that common germs can persist for up to three days in clarinets and saxophones. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) stayed within reasonable limits. He allowed a specific type of drum (duff) occasionally (on Eid day and weddings). Narrated by Muhammad ibn Hatib al-Jumahi: The Prophet (PBUH) said, “The distinction between what is lawful and what is unlawful is the song and the tambourine at a wedding.” (Al-Tirmidhi) Future studies may explore whether certain drums are less risky in terms of spreading germs than woodwind or stringed instruments.

Vectors and Carriers of Evil:

Allah created evil pathogens and provided us guidelines to follow, teaching us what to eat and how to live to safeguard ourselves, our families, and our communities from diseases and illnesses. There is no disease that Allah has created, except that He also has created its treatment.” (Sahih Al-Bukhari) The Quran mentions, “[Remember] when He overwhelmed you with drowsiness (giving) security from Him and sent down upon you from the sky, rain by which to purify (clean or wash) you and remove from you the evil of Satan and to make steadfast your hearts and plant firmly thereby your feet” [8:11].

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) emphasized preventive hygiene practices such as “wudu” (handwashing, nasal passageway cleansing, and cleansing of exposed body parts, which are routes of harmful bacteria entry), oral care, genital hygiene, proper skin and head covering, fasting, and maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle to balance our ecosystem and save our community from these invaders.

If people neglect and reject these beneficial teachings of Allah and His messengers, choosing to eat whatever they desire and live an unclean and unhealthy lifestyle, they become infected by pathogenic microorganisms and can transmit diseases to others, even without visible symptoms. “Those who disbelieved in Allah’s signs and in meeting Him, it is they who have despaired of My Mercy (good health and wellbeing); it is they for whom a painful chastisement lies ahead (diseases and sufferings)” [Quran 29:23].

Most viruses can’t survive very long if they’re not inside a host like an animal, a plant, or a person. Communicable diseases, or infectious diseases, result from the influence of cursed Satan (infection, presence, and growth of pathogenic agents) in humans or animals. People become cursed with infectious diseases through close contact with infectious agents. Some individuals are more infectious and vulnerable to infectious agents due to their wrong actions, reckless behavior, and unhealthy habits. Many diseases are thought to spread through superspreaders such as Salmonella Typhi, MERS, and SARS outbreaks. Hadith identifies that infectious diseases may be prevented by avoiding contact with those who are superspreaders.

Who is at high risk of developing and transmitting diseases? Who is promoting the growth of Satan?

1. Mushrik: To me, “Mushrik” refers to unclean individuals who might infect a high number of people due to their rejection of Allah’s guidelines and worship false gods. They associate others with the commands of Allah such as following forefathers’ unhealthy rituals, jinn, adopting unhealthy lifestyles, eating unclean and forbidden food, offering foods to deities or idols, wasting food, enjoying mass gatherings, or festivals. An animal slaughtered by a Mushrik who does not wash his hands properly and clean himself is not lawful to eat for any believers. Several infectious diseases can be spread from one person to another by contaminated hands. Mushriks and disbelievers with poor hygiene who reject the existence of the unseen (microscopic world of bacteria, viruses) contribute to the transmission of infectious diseases. Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) warned his Mushrik father: “O my father, Indeed I fear that there will touch you a punishment (diseases, disorders) from the Most Merciful (if you continue to follow the rituals and lifestyles of Mushrik), so you would be to Satan a companion” [19:45].
2. Disbelievers: 1500 years ago, many people disbelieved in the microscopic world (the unseen) and rejected the practice of good hygiene and a healthy, zero-waste lifestyle according to the guidelines of Allah and His messengers. Typically, disbelievers who do not believe in accountability (the Day of Judgment) have hoarding disorders and wasting habits, and poor hygiene can be potential vectors for the spread of diseases. The Quran indicates that these disobedient people behave worse than animals. Some intelligent animals store food for Winter to avoid searching for food. But hoarding excessive food without necessity is an indication of the lower intelligence of people than the IQ of animals. The Quran mentions, “And leave to Me the deniers — the people of luxury — and bear with them for a little while. Indeed, with Us [for them] are shackles and burning fire (Jinn)” [73:12].

In order to protect your health and well-being, Allah commanded you to avoid close contact with Mushriks and disbelievers (Kafir) who might serve as possible vectors for the spread of diseases: “O you who have believed (in the unseen world of microbes), do not take the disbelievers as allies instead of the believers. Do you wish to give Allah against yourselves a clear case?” [Quran 4:144] “They have certainly denied the truth (of the existence of microbes in the unseen world), so they will soon face the consequences of their ridicule” [26:6]. “They will not believe in it (the unseen world of harmful microbes) until they see the painful punishment (disease outbreak, disasters). And it will come to them suddenly while they perceive (it) not” [26: 201–202]. “Those who disbelieve (and reject the beneficial teachings of Allah and His messengers) from among the people of the Scripture and Al-mushrikun (pagan, idol-worshippers, food-wasters, unclean people), were not going to leave (their disbelief) until there came to them clear evidence (pandemic, disaster, illnesses, sufferings)” [Al-Bayyina, 1]. This world is a “jail” for those who believe in the hidden world of enemies (germs) and a paradise for unbelievers in the microscopic world. Because believers who not believe on the day of judgment (accountability of their actions) cannot live a wasteful or reckless lifestyle.

The Quranic verse aids us in contact tracing to identify people who may have come into contact with an individual with an infectious disease: “Do not follow the footsteps (diseases associated with vectors or contaminated materials, surfaces, people, and food) of the Shaytan (evil pathogenic microorganisms).” The Quran teaches how to practice social distancing and avoid disbelievers who argue about the existence of the unseen world: “Say, ‘O you disbelievers (in the microscopic world and hereafter)! I do not worship what you worship, nor do you worship what I worship. I will never worship what you worship, nor will you ever worship what I worship. For you is your religion, and for me is my religion’” (Surah Kafirun). When individuals negligently transmit infectious agents through their reckless behavior or wrong actions, they should be held liable. On the day of Judgment, “they (unbelievers) will certainly carry their own burdens and other burdens besides their own (negligence liability for spreading diseases)” (29:13).

Disbelievers who do not follow a clean and healthy lifestyle according to the teachings of Allah and His messengers have more negative personality traits, diseases, and mental disorders: “Do you not see that We have sent the devils upon the disbelievers, inciting them to [evil] with [constant] incitement?” (Quran 19:83). Disbelievers are at risk of developing heart disease due to their disbelief in clean and righteous lifestyles. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, “Verily, one who does not hold anything from the Quran in his heart is like a ruined house” (Sunan al-Tirmidhi). Recent research has shown evidence of obstructions in the heart arteries and blockages in Egyptian mummies. We all know the story of the disbeliever Pharaoh. The Quran mentions, “And Moses said, ‘Our Lord, indeed You have given Pharaoh and his establishment splendor and wealth in the worldly life, our Lord, that they may lead [men] astray from Your way. Our Lord, obliterate their wealth and harden their hearts so that they will not believe until they see the painful punishment’” (10:88).

3. Najas: As the Quran mentions in Chapter 9 Surah Tawbah verse 28, “O you who believe! Truly, the Mushriks are Najas.” To me, “Najas” refers to irresponsible, impure, unclean individuals who are infected with harmful microbes due to poor hygiene and non-righteous lifestyles. The “Najas” people are carriers of bacteria and viruses that transmit diseases, etc., in their community. For example, many researchers believe local people’s interaction with bats renders them vulnerable to Ebola Virus Disease. Ignorance of harm from evil forces and negligence in following the guidelines of Allah and not taking proper precautions, Najas and Mushriks might put the public health safety of their whole community at risk. These people are more contagious than others.

4. Hypocrites: People who call themselves followers of the Prophets but do not follow the teachings of Allah and His messengers (e.g., clean and righteous lifestyle) are at risk of developing diseases, disorders, and criminal behavior due to their hypocrisy. There is a hadith found in al-Bukhari which states that treachery, breaking promises, lying (deception), and deviating from justice for the purpose of arguing are indications or signs of hypocrites. The Quran mentions, “And among those around you of the bedouins are hypocrites, and [also] from the people of Madinah. They have persisted in hypocrisy (who tell they believe in the microscopic unseen world but had too much love for the fifthly worldly stuff or luxury or compulsive buying and storing behavior). You do not know them, [but] We know them. We will punish them twice [through diseases and disorders in this world and hereafter]; then they will be returned to a great punishment (in Hell)” [Surah At Tawba: 101]. Their buying behavior and unhealthy habits assist in the growth of harmful microbes.

In Surah Fatiha, believers pray to the Creator for good health and seek the right path (lifestyle) of those Allah has blessed (good health), not those He is displeased with or those who are astray (by following the wrong lifestyle). But hypocrites’ wrong actions make them sick (cursed) because their actions contradict their words (prayer)! “And there are some who say, ‘We believe in Allah and the Last Day,’ yet they are not true believers (who follow lifestyles according to the teachings of Allah). They seek to deceive Allah and the believers, yet they only deceive themselves (of their unhealthy lifestyle which poses a greater risk of the development of diseases and disorders), but they fail to perceive it” (Quran 2:8–9). “Do people think that they will be let go merely by saying: ‘We believe (in the teachings and guidance of Allah),’ and that they will not be tested for? We indeed tested those who went before them (whether they follow the guidelines of Allah)? Allah will most certainly ascertain those who spoke the truth and those who lied (hypocrites, deceivers, liars). Do the evil-doers suppose that they will get the better of Us? How evil is their judgment!” [Quran 29:2–4]. What is the benefit when praying to God for good health and long life when you eat unhealthy junk foods? The Messenger of Allah said, “The parable of the munafiq is that of a sheep that hesitates between two flocks, sometimes following one, and sometimes following another, not knowing which to follow.”

The signs or characteristics of hypocrites who call themselves “followers of the Prophets” are overconsumption or hoarding behavior and constant lying which lead to corrupted hearts or heart-related diseases. Constant lying is linked to numerous negative health outcomes, including increased heart rate, high blood pressure, elevated stress hormones in the blood, etc. The Quran identifies some characteristics of hypocrites with corrupted hearts: Those words and hearts are not the same. People will be judged by their intentions and actions, not by their false representation in front of others. “Allah testifies that the hypocrites are liars” (9:67). “They enjoin evil (disease-causing activities) and forbid good, and they keep their hands shut (to do good deeds, e.g., handwashing, and donating unnecessary belongings, gold, and food) …the hypocrites are indeed the transgressors.” “They were nearer to disbelief that day than to faith, saying with their mouths what was not in their hearts. And Allah is most Knowing of what they conceal (in hearts)” [3:167]. Whereas disbelievers and hypocrites say, “We hear and disobey (the teachings of Allah and His messengers).” On the other hand, believers do actions according to their words and beliefs. “The only saying of the faithful believers when they are called to Allah and His Messenger (PBUH) to judge between them is that they say: ‘We hear and we obey (or follow).’ And such are the successful (who will live forever in Paradise)” [Surah an-Noor 51].

People who do not follow the heart-healthy lifestyle according to the teachings of Allah and His messengers are at risk of developing heart diseases due to their excessive love and stress for worldly materials. “And when the hypocrites and those in whose hearts was a disease began to say: Allah and His Apostle did not promise us (success) but only to deceive” [33:12]. “That is because they acted in opposition to Allah and His Apostle, and whoever acts in opposition to Allah, then surely Allah is severe in retributing” (59:4). Generally, heart disease is a sign of disbelief and hypocrisy. “Among people (hypocrites) there are some who say: ‘We believe in Allah.’ But when such a person is made to endure suffering in Allah’s cause, he reckons the persecution he suffers at the hands of people as though it is a chastisement from Allah. But if victory comes from your Lord, the same person will say ‘We were with you.’ Does Allah not know whatever is in the hearts of the people of the world? Allah will surely ascertain who are the believers and who are the hypocrites” [29:10–11].

“So, woe to those hypocrites who pray (to God for good health and well-being) yet are unmindful of their prayers (do not obey the commands of Allah); those who only show off and refuse to give assistance (to at-risk neighbors to combat evil or donate their belongings to reduce the growth of disease-causing microbes)” [Al-Maun, 107: 4–7]. Also, hypocrites, pathological liars, and disbelievers show early signs and symptoms of many diseases. Falsehood blackens the face (discoloration on the face) of hypocrites. “…the curse of Allah (illness) be on him if he is one of the liars” [Surah an-Nur 24:8]. Allah did not send Prophets to open the chest of hypocrites and detect heart diseases, but He sent them to guide misguided people. “And when guidance comes to you from Allah, whoever follows Allah’s guidance — there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve (or suffer from diseases and distress)” [2:38].

5. People with at-risk behavior and reckless behavior: In Hadith, some irresponsible people are identified as “cursed” (with diseases, infections, disorders). Examples include those who wear wigs, do tattoos, pluck brows, practice homosexuality, and sell soaps or products made of animal fat. They invite and spread germs due to their own negligence, their unhealthy choices and habits, which can be avoidable if they are aware. The subcutaneous tissue can be accessed by viruses through needle punctures, animal bites, piercing equipment, and sterilized tattooing. He said: “Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet (PBUH) said, “Allah has cursed the lady who artificially lengthens (her or someone else’s) hair and the one who gets her hair lengthened and the One who tattoos (herself or someone else) and the one who gets herself tattooed” (Bukhari).” Bacteria can sit on wigs. In the time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), some people called themselves followers of Prophet Musa (PBUH) and sold products made out of the fat of the carcass. He identified them as cursed people because Prophet Musa (PBUH) forbade people to consume animal fat; thus, later people who called themselves his followers used to sell disease-causing animal fat in different ways such as soaps, candles, etc. Infectious diseases might spread from products with animal-derived ingredients.

1. Food wasters: Share your food with humans and animals, not with pathogens. Food waste can boost stubborn germs. Food wasters and idol worshippers who offer food to Jinn (e.g., deities, idols) might significantly change evil bacterial growth in their community. The Quran reminds mankind: “Surely wasters are brothers of Satan” (17:27). Food waste that ends up in landfills is broken down by methane gas-producing anaerobic bacteria. Methane gas contributes greatly to the formation of ground-level ozone, which can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Food waste contributes to the emission of greenhouse gases and causes serious harm to the planet.
2. Zalimun: Zalimun refers to wrongdoers or oppressors who oppress themselves or others. For example, individuals (oppressors) who are colonized with germs pass the germs to others with wrong actions or contribute to disease emergence (make pathogens prone to emergence) directly and indirectly. They oppress their health and put the well-being of others at high risk for severe diseases. For example, many researchers suggest that overeating (obesity), eating a diet high in saturated fats, trans fat, and cholesterol, smoking, poor diet, excessive alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity are linked to coronary heart disease in people with unhealthy eating habits and lifestyles. The Quran mentions: “…How bad is the example (or the likeness) of people who deny the Ayat (verses, guidelines) of Allah. And Allah guides not the people who are Zalimun (wrongdoers)” [62:5]. “And for the Zalimun, there is no helper” (22:71). The Quran teaches us the story of Adam (PBUH) and his wife. Adam (PBUH) and his wife ate the harmful forbidden fruit and oppressed themselves by disobeying the commands of Allah. So, Adam (PBUH) and his wife cried out: ‘Our Lord! We have wronged ourselves. If you do not forgive us and do not have mercy on us, we shall surely be among the losers” (7:23). Allah forgives those who sincerely repent and seek His forgiveness.
3. Women with poor menstrual hygiene: Even though menstruation is a shield against pathogens transported by sperm, some bacteria accumulate around the time of the period because the vagina becomes a moister environment. Leaving a tampon or pad in for too long can lead to infections. Poor menstrual hygiene can lead to bacterial or fungal infections of the reproductive tract and the urinary tract. Vaginal-penile sex can also spread yeast infections (balanitis), causing the penis to become inflamed. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) commanded to avoid sex during menstruation.
4. Irresponsible spouses and relatives: Harmful microbes can transfer through direct contact such as kissing or sexual intercourse. Share your love but not germs. Sometimes spouses can be unintentional enemies who share deadly diseases through sexual contact. Some viruses like HIV have the ability to enter and survive in the human body for a few years before symptoms of the illness occur. In order to protect ourselves from sexually transmitted diseases and illnesses, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) encourages believers to select spouses carefully who believe in the unseen (world of bacteria, viruses), follow Islam (a clean and healthy lifestyle according to the guidelines of Allah and His messengers).

“And do not marry polytheistic women until they believe (in the unseen world and follow the beneficial teachings of Allah). And a believing slave woman is better than a polytheist, even though she might please you (with her beauty and unprotected appearance). And do not marry polytheistic men until they believe (submit themselves to the true Creator and follow His commands). And a believing slave is better than a polytheist, even though he might please you (with their wealth and appearance). Those invite (you) to the Fire (disease-causing evil), but Allah invites to Paradise and forgiveness, by His permission. And He makes clear His verses to the people that perhaps they may remember” [Al-Baqarah, 221]. Cleaning yourself after sex can protect you from infections such as urinary tract (UTIs) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

If your wife cooks with unclean hands, you can be a victim of food poisoning. If your husband returns home after buying contaminated or unhealthy food, he brings a bag with “disease” for you. Similarly, if you touch or feed someone with dirty hands, you affect the health of your loved ones negatively. Also, if your loved ones go outside without protective clothing, face-covering, or head covering, they may bring bacteria and germs into your home. Your spouse is your garment (protective cover), and you are his or her garment. If you fail to protect the body and mind, your health and well-being will be negatively affected. The Quran mentions the story of Adam and his wife and how they became enemies for assisting each other to eat the harmful forbidden fruit. Surah At-Tahrim (Verse 6) urges believers to save themselves and their families from fire!

10. People you surround yourself with: You are surrounded by harmful microbes waiting for your demise. Even reckless people are carriers of millions of germs and bacteria that can be fatal! Spend time with careful believers who follow a clean and righteous lifestyle and are aware of their responsibilities to keep you safe. Otherwise, there might be a chance of contracting diseases from others. Avoid living in contaminated environments of Musriks such as social gatherings, festivals, events, and parties. The more people you are in contact with, the more likely you are to be exposed to viruses and bacteria.

11. Living animals: Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) discouraged keeping dogs (pets) inside the house. Your dog brings one group of Proteobacteria into your house that causes whooping cough. Moreover, dogs owned may be in danger of an influenza outbreak or other types of diseases such as Canine influenza, Canine distemper, Rabies, etc. You can get diseases from livestock or exotic pets such as anthrax, E. coli, ringworm, etc. However, Abu Qatadah reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Verily, cats are not impure, as they meander around you.” Some protective bacteria live harmlessly on cats, and they produce antimicrobial substances that can kill off emerging pathogens. Researchers found that cats can protect you against asthma, allergies, and heart attacks. However, it is better to avoid keeping any pet inside your house for your better health and well-being.

Narrated by Uthman bin Affan, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) saw a man following a pigeon and said: “A male devil chasing a female devil.” This hadith indicated that an infected man followed an infected pigeon. Bacterial and parasitic diseases are not uncommon in domestic doves and pigeons. Many of the bacteria and parasites found in columbids do not cause disease unless the birds are immunocompromised. Diseases associated with pigeon droppings include Cryptococcosis, Histoplasmosis, and Psittacosis. You can become infected with these diseases by breathing in the dust that is created when cleaning droppings.

While it is true that animals can carry germs and diseases, it is important to note that Allah created farm animals so that we can benefit from them. In the Quran, it is mentioned that Iblis promised: “I will command them (mankind) so they will slit the ears of cattle.” [4:119] This verse indicates infections can occur from ear tags in sheep and goats. Disfiguration is a mode of transmission of Satan. The Prophet mentioned: “May God curse the one who disfigures an animal.”

12. Dead animals: Diseases can be transmitted to humans through contact with dead animals or people. During slaughter and dressing, washing is no substitute for good hygienic practices. To prevent illnesses, the best method of halal or lawful animal slaughter is to cut the windpipe, carotid artery, gullet, and jugular vein with a sharp knife. The bacteria may spread to the inner jugular vein, a major blood vessel that connects the brain to the heart and lungs.

13. Insects and other vectors: Mosquitoes, flies, ants, lice, and spiders are mentioned in the Quran, which can be disease vectors. The Quran mentions: “Therefore We sent upon them (disobedient nations) widespread death, and the locusts and the lice and the frog and the blood (bloodborne pathogens), clear signs; but they behaved haughtily, and they were a guilty people.” [Al Araf :133].

Places Where Evil Hides:

1. Tall buildings: Tall buildings block sunlight. Bacteria and mold grow where there is less sunlight.
2. Toilets (wastewater) and Bathrooms: You’re sharing your bathroom with fecal bacteria. There can be many mycobacteria in showerheads and shower curtains that form biofilms. These biofilms become airborne during a person’s shower that may cause chronic pulmonary infections. Run the shower for about a few seconds before taking a shower to flush out the bacteria which take showers with you. Pseudomonas bacteria and Staphylococcus bacteria in the sink and surfaces in your bathroom and your kitchen can also cause serious infections.

The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “Verily, these washrooms are inhabited by jinn. When one of you enters his place of relief, let him say: “I seek refuge in Allah from foul and noxious things.” (Sunan Abi Dawud) Ali ibn Abi Talib reported that the Prophet, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “A screen will be placed between the eyes of the Jinn and the nakedness of the children of Adam if one of them says as he enters the washroom: “In the name of Allah.” (Sunan al-Tirmidhi) Always close the toilet lid when you flush to avoid infectious aerosols.

1. Eating places: Dirty hands of food preparers or food service workers can cause food poisoning and foodborne illness outbreaks in restaurants or other eating places. The Prophet (PBUH) informed us to clean properly when using the plates of Mushrik (unclean people).
2. Public Bathing or swimming pools: Germs like crypto, E. coli, and giardia are spread in public pools where chlorine and pH levels are too low. Symptoms of illnesses include diarrhea, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, dehydration, and stomach cramps. Ibn Umar reported that the Prophet (PBUH) said, “After some time, the lands of the non-Arabs will be conquered by you, and there you will find houses called public baths. So, men should not enter them (to wash) except wearing their lower garments, and forbid the women to enter them except for a sick one or one in post-partum bleeding (the water might be contaminated with germs).” [Abu Daawood]
3. Unclean houses: Viruses can survive in unclean houses for extended periods on dirty surfaces. You’re sharing your house with your death-causing enemies! Microscopic roommates might be inhabiting various spots in your home and pose a significant threat to your health and well-being. Scientists from NSF International tested 22 households in Southeast Michigan and found that dishwashing sponges contained the highest number of microorganisms, followed by toothbrush holders, pet bowls, kitchen sinks, coffee reservoirs, kitchen countertops, stove knobs, pet toys, and toilet seats. Items and rooms should be kept in a clean, dry space at room temperature to reduce bacterial growth. The wives of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) used to live in tiny rooms. Big houses are harder to clean than tiny rooms. Otherwise, recite and follow the Quran daily, otherwise unclean homes will turn into graves (that will be the cause of death for household members). Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Do not turn your houses into graves. Indeed, Satan runs away from the house in which Surat al-Baqarah is recited.” [Muslim]
4. Ancient ruins, abandoned places, and polluted places: Many civilizations were nearly wiped out because of disease outbreaks. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) forbade his companions from drinking water from the abandoned places of the cursed people, as these places might have deadly microorganisms.
5. Markets: Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) informed us that Satan stays in the market (Bazar). Live animals are sold and slaughtered at the market, which is linked to potential infectious disease emergence (e.g., avian influenza can be transmitted in live bird markets). Some scientists believed that the COVID pandemic started in an animal market.
6. Social gatherings: The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings of Allah be upon him, has said: “The most lovable places on Earth to Allah are its mosques (gatherings of believers who follow a clean lifestyle), and the most despised places on Earth to Allah are its markets (gatherings of unknown people).” [Reported by Muslim] As the head of Madinah, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) issued guidance with best practices for safe gatherings such as gatherings of believers (who practice good hygiene and a healthy lifestyle) on Eid day, mosques, and Hajj. During holidays and celebrations among non-Muslims, there is often an increase in the number of patients with upper respiratory infections, strep throat, and ear infections due to exposure to large crowds.
7. Funeral: Pathogens can be passed from a dead body infected by the virus to a living person. It was reported that the SARS-CoV-2 genome was found in the corpse of an exhumed infected person, one month after his or her death. In the time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), small ceremonies or gatherings were held for the funeral of clean people (believers and righteous people). Gatherings took place outside with good airflow. No food was served at ceremonies or gatherings. Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, “Hurry up with the dead body for if it was righteous, you are forwarding it to welfare; and if it was otherwise, then you are putting off an evil thing down your necks. It is not permissible to offer the funeral prayer for a polytheist or a disbeliever.

The Prophet (PBUH) guided the handling and disposition of the bodies of individuals who have passed away from certain infectious diseases. On the battlefield, the dead bodies of disbelievers (unclean people) were dumped, who are suspected to have been infected with deadly diseases, which is an important step to prevent the spread of harmful microbes. To avoid contact with the blood or body fluids of deceased believers (clean people with healthy lifestyles), the burial of martyrs on the battlefield does not require ‘ghusl’ (bath) or ‘kafan’ (shroud). Abu Talib reported: I asked Abu Abdullah about a man who dies as a Jew, and he has a Muslim son. What should he do? Abu Abdullah said: He should ride his animal and march in front of the funeral, not behind it. When they intend to bury him (close relatives), let him return. Such is the opinion of Umar. [Aḥkam Ahl al-Dhimmah]

Abu Hurayrah reports: “The Prophet informed his companions about the death of Negus (Najashi), the king of Abyssinia, on the day that he died. Then the Prophet led them to the prayer ground where he lined them up and offered the funeral prayer for him with four Takbirs.” It indicates that a remote funeral can be offered during a pandemic to avoid the risk of catching infectious diseases from corpses.

9) Graveyards: Bacterial pathogens can be transported into groundwater when people live near a graveyard. Visitors to a graveyard can be exposed to pathogens through surface or groundwater. “Beware of those who preceded you and used to take the graves of their prophets and righteous men as places of worship, but you must not take graves as mosques (gathering places); I forbid you to do that.” [Sahih Muslim] Prophet Muhammad had forbidden women from visiting graves because they are vulnerable to getting ill from viruses and harmful bacteria. He allowed people to visit graves only for specific purposes (e.g., remembering the dead, which will also remind us of our upcoming death).

10) Battlefield and slaughterhouse: On the battlefield, armies might come into contact with infectious blood. Therefore, to avoid illnesses, The Quran issued safety guidelines for soldiers in the battlefield. The Quran mentions: “When you meet the disbelievers (unclean people) in battle, strike them in the neck…” Similarly, in slaughterhouses, “halal” animal slaughter involves one pass of the blade across the throat of the animal, cutting the carotid arteries, jugular vein, and trachea. This method is useful for protecting people that come into contact with blood or body fluids against possible infection.

11) Outer space or stars: Viruses and dangerous microbes exist on stars and planets. Also, space travelers may experience the reactivation of viral infections caused by the varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, etc.

Other factors that make you vulnerable include:

1. Environmental factors: Infectious diseases can thrive in tropical and subtropical areas. Some environmental sources of germs include moist environments, dry surfaces, wet surfaces, and biofilms. Exposure to environmental pathogens may result in infections and cancer with a high mortality rate.
2. Temperature: Stubborn bacteria can survive at very high or freezing temperatures. Certain conditions of moisture in rooms can promote bacterial growth. Prophet Muhammad followed a balanced approach in everything. Excessive heat in the kitchen can lead to bacterial growth, causing diseases. A hadith mentions that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) didn’t eat cooked food for three months. When asked what he was eating instead of meat, he would say dates and water. Like the Prophet (PBUH), sometimes, eat clean and uncooked fruits or salad and avoid cooking food for a while to keep your kitchen and home cool.
3. Night: The Prophet (PBUH) said, “When night falls, prevent your (vulnerable) children from going out, for the devils spread out at that time. But when an hour of the night has passed, release them, close the doors, and mention Allah’s Name, for Satan does not open a closed door. Tie the mouth of your water-skin (to get rid of disease-causing bacteria) and mention Allah’s Name; cover your containers and utensils (in your kitchen) and mention Allah’s Name. Cover them even by placing something across it, and extinguish your lamps (to sleep).” [Bukhari, Abu Dawud]

Like humans and animals, plants can defend against pathogen attacks. The pathogen grows spores at nighttime, and plants fight infection at dawn. “Surely, in the alternation of night and day and in what Allah has created in the heavens and the earth, there are signs for a people who are God-fearing.” (10:6)

1. Hot and cold climates: In the Quran, it was also mentioned that a territory that lack proper sunlight have no shield (from harmful bacteria): “Until, when he (Dhu al-Qarnayn) came to the rising of the sun, he found it rising on a people for whom We had not made against it any shield” [20:130]. Extreme heat (summer) or cold temperature (winter) increases bacterial growth.

In Makkah, Prophet Muhammad taught his people to follow the guidelines of Allah to guard themselves against evil. The traveling and transportation habits of ignorant Arab merchants assisted infectious diseases to spread: “For the accustomed security of the Quraysh — Their accustomed security [in] the caravan of winter and summer …Let them worship (follow the guidelines of) the Lord of this House (to protect themselves from evil)” [Surah Quraysh, 1–3]. Today, viruses like the flu, COVID, and RSV all tend to peak during the winter.

1. Directions: As we know, the virus transfers genes horizontally. Allah ordered Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to turn his face towards the Qibla. The qibla is the direction towards the Kaaba in the Sacred Mosque in Mecca. Future studies may explore whether the qibla might be a shield against pathogen attacks or less transmission of harmful microbes or not.
2. Natural Disasters: One of the risks of swallowing floodwater is ingesting a bacterium, virus, or parasite that causes gastrointestinal illnesses and infections. Waterborne pathogens can release toxins from human and animal waste, contaminate and pollute drinking water. People who drink contaminated water experience headaches, gastrointestinal symptoms, and skin-related concerns. The Prophet said, “Beware of the three acts that cause you to be cursed (sick): relieving yourselves in shaded places (that people utilize), in a walkway, or a watering-place” [Ranked sound, Hasan, by Al-Albani]. The S. Typhi bacterium can spread through contaminated water with fecal matter.
3. Overpopulation and Pollution: The Prophet (PBUH) encouraged his righteous companions to have many children so that these clean and healthy followers would assist in protecting health and the planet Earth and fighting pathogen attacks collectively. But today, reckless and irresponsible people are increasing, promoting the growth of pathogens, and damaging the environment. Population growth in cities is contributing to the increasing number of human diseases worldwide. Overpopulation is linked to deforestation, soil, air, and water pollution, poor air quality, and the burning of fossil fuels.

Environmental pollution might have stronger negative effects on exposed parasites. New research suggests that air pollution may affect human health by altering bacteria. Black carbon dramatically changes how bacteria grow. There might be a link between severe viral respiratory disease and air pollution. Air pollution might facilitate the outside survival of viruses. The fuel contamination crisis is another risk that can sicken people. High-intensity sounds (noise pollution) can cause cardiovascular disorders, coronary artery disease, increased stress levels, sleep disturbance, faster cognitive decline, learning and behavior issues, imbalance in the gut, etc.

8. Global warming and climate change: Global warming increase the growth of bacteria and fungi. As bacteria adapt to hotter temperatures, they speed up their respiration rate and release more carbon, potentially accelerating climate change. Some groups of microorganisms have accelerated global warming through organic matter decomposition and finally increases the flux of co2 in the atmosphere.

9. Radiation: The growth of harmful bacteria might increase if they are exposed to electromagnetic radiation.

Muslims perform wudu and pray five daily prayers, asking Allah to forgive their sins (unintentional negligence), seeking refuge from afflictions caused by Satan, and seeking help from God to differentiate between right (good) and wrong (harmful) choices to save themselves from fire. The daily prayers include Fajr (sunrise prayer), Dhuhr (noon prayer), Asr (afternoon prayer), Maghrib (sunset prayer), and Isha (night prayer). Each prayer has a specific window of time. Future research may study whether prayer during this specific window of time influences the reduction of the chance of infection or balances gut health. Three hours the prophet (PBUH) forbade us from praying in and that we should bury the dead at those times — when the sun rises shining, until it reaches its peak, and at noon, and when it tilts until it sets. Both the lunar cycle and sunlight can impact healing and the spread of disease. Abu Hurairah (RA) reported that the Messenger (PBUH) said, “Whoever performs cupping (hijama) on the 17th, 19th, or 21st day (Islamic lunar month) then it is a cure for every disease.” [Sunan Abu Dawud]

Do the days of the week have an impact on human health and wellbeing? The Quran mentions that Allah commanded Bani Israel not to fish on Saturday. But some of them disobeyed the commands of God and became apes and pig-like creatures. Do you think in the region of Bani Israel, on Saturdays, harmful microbes are very active in the sea or river? Did they catch and eat contaminated fish meat that day along with pathogens (or infectious diseases transmitted by direct or indirect contact) that might alter their genome or develop gene-related or neurological disorders and abnormalities (caused by changes in their DNA) or a loss of thinking ability (cognitive decline)? The narrator of this Hadith (Abdullah) further said: Mention was made before him about monkeys, and Misar (one of the narrators) said: I think that (the narrator) also (made mention) of the swine, which had suffered metamorphosis. Thereupon he (the Prophet) said: Verily, Allah did not cause the race of those which suffered metamorphosis to grow or they were not survived by young ones. Monkeys and swine had been in existence even before (the metamorphosis of human beings).” Pigs and apes both share more than 90 percent of similar genes with humans. If people lose their reasoning ability (cognitive functioning), there is little difference between humans and animals. When the cognitive level of humans is lower than the animal cognitive level or similar to animals’ cognitive functionalities, humans may decrease their status or rank of intelligence among the creations of Allah.

Do the months have an impact on human health and wellbeing? Allah saves people from Hell (punishment) during Ramadan by creating a barrier between Satan and them. Abu Huraira reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “On the first night of the month of Ramadan, the devils are chained, the jinn are restrained, and the gates of Hellfire are closed, and none of its gates are opened. The gates of Paradise are opened, and none of its gates are closed. A heavenly caller announces: O seeker of good, come near! O seeker of evil, stop short! Allah will save them from the Hellfire, and that is during every night of Ramadan.” (Sunan al-Tirmidhi) The Quran describes the importance of a special day in the month of Ramadan: “Verily, We sent it down in the night of Al-Qadr” until the verse “The night of Al-Qadr is better than a thousand months” “The count of months, as far as Allah is concerned, is twelve. This has been Allah’s law since the day He created the heavens and the earth. Four of them (months) are sacred. This is the perfect religion; you shall not wrong your souls during the Sacred Months. However, you may declare all-out war against the idol-worshippers, when they declare all-out war against you, and know that Allah is on the side of the righteous.” [9:36] Do you think that during these sacred four months, bacterial growth might slow down?

Bacterial colonies progress through four phases of growth: the lag phase, the log phase, the stationary phase, and the death phase. The last phase, known as the death or decline phase, is caused by a lack of nutrients, environmental temperatures above or below the tolerance band for the species, or other injurious conditions.

Who’s the most vulnerable population to Infectious organisms?

Some factors influence the spread of parasites and other harmful microorganisms such as behavioral traits, climate conditions, population density, habitat, diet, sex, age, the immune response of the host, etc. The following groups of individuals are at higher risk of severe illnesses caused by harmful microbes:

1. Older adults: Older adults are one of the most sensitive groups. “Whether one or both of them (parents) reach old age (while) with you, say not to them [so much as], “uff,” and do not repel them but speak to them with kindness.” [17:23] Not only are some words disrespectful, but also the effect of ill-speech volume, such as uff, ah, ooh, on the respiratory emission of oral bacteria might be a potential indicator of pathogen transmissibility risk.
2. Young children: The Prophet (PBUH) said: “When night falls stop your children from going out, for the devils spread out at that time. But when an hour of the night has passed, release them and close the doors and mention Allah’s Name, for Satan does not open a closed door…” [Bukhari, Abu Dawood].
3. Women in high-risk environments: Is the illness caused by harmful microbes affecting men and women equally? There are sex-based differences in infectious diseases. In some cases, females might be more susceptible to disease and death from infectious pathogens than men. For example, women get urinary tract infections up to thirty times more often than men and women suffer more severe flu symptoms than men. Healing and cure may work differently for women and men. In the Quran, it was mentioned that the wives of the Prophet were advised to stay in their clean houses to keep themselves clean (pure; avoid infections and illnesses) unless necessary. The Quran mentions: “And stay in your homes and do not display yourselves, like that at the time of ignorance (when people are unaware about the health risks and disease transmission)” [ 33:33].

Infections are a significant cause of maternal death, pregnancy loss, stillbirth, and preterm birth in newborns. Pregnant women are more severely affected by infections compared to non-pregnant women due to their anatomical differences, reproductive system, immune system, and hormonal changes. Infection during pregnancy can pose significant risks to unborn babies, potentially leading to issues such as hearing loss, visual impairment, learning difficulties, etc. Women’s health and child health are closely interconnected and must be protected to ensure a healthy future generation. The mission of a nursing mom is to prepare a representative of God (a child of Adam) today for tomorrow’s fight against Satan and serve Allah. The duty of feeding and clothing nursing mothers is upon the father of the child. Quranic verse 2:233 recommends a 2-year period of lactation. Human breast milk contains antibodies that can fight infection. The pathogens can contaminate infant formula; therefore, the milk of biological and foster moms is the healthiest option for the baby. However, in utero, at birth, or through breast milk, microbes can be transmitted. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) told us to choose carefully the past history (e.g., psychological disorder, health problems) and characteristics of the breastfeeding mothers (foster mothers).

The Hadith mentions, “Do not prevent your wife(s) from going to the mosque, even though their houses are better for them,” implying that women are recommended to stay at home. However, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) never forbade women to work outside the home with proper Islamic regulations. For example, Rufaida bint Saad Al-Aslameya was the first female Muslim nurse and the first female surgeon. She accompanied the Prophet (PBUH) during his wars, participating in many battles such as Badr, Uhud, Khandaq, Khaibar, etc. Asma bint Abi Bakr, the wife of Az-Zubayr ibn Al-Awwam, used to work hard inside and outside her home. Umm Attiyah used to perform circumcision for females, wash and enshroud deceased females in Madinah, nurse injured Muslim warriors on battlefields, and prepare food for other warriors. Ar-Rabaiyyi bint Muawwidh and Umm Sulaim used to set out with the Prophet in his various battles to provide water for Muslim warriors, hand weapons to them, prepare food for them, treat the injured, and carry the martyrs to the burial places. Ash-Shifa bint Abdullah used to go out to teach Muslim women to read and write and to practice medicine during the lifetime of Allah’s Messenger. Umm Mihjan used to clean the Prophet’s Mosque, and when the Prophet noticed her absence and his Companions told him she had died and had been buried (as they did not want to disturb the Prophet’s sleep when she died), the Prophet went to her grave and offered the Prayer for the dead over her. Caliph Umar ibn Al-Khattab appointed a woman named Ash-Shifa to occupy a position called al-hisbah or market inspector, who saw that scales were just and accurate and that transactions were carried out according to the rulings of Islam.

A Hadith describes Muslim women at the beginning of Islam practicing the role of physicians or nurses in the military. Hafsah (RA) said: “A woman came and stayed at the fort of Bani Khalaf and told us about her sister. Her sister’s husband used to go out on military campaigns with the Prophet (PBUH). He had been on twelve campaigns, and she (his wife) had accompanied him on six. She said, ‘We used to treat the wounded and take care of the sick…’” (Bukhari). A brave Muslim female companion, Nusaybah Bint Ka’ab Al Maziniyyah (RA), astonished people with her swordsmanship and protected the Messenger (PBUH) with her husband and two sons during the Battle of Uhud by the mercy of Allah. Also, history tells us that Aisha (RA) led a force of 13,000 soldiers during the Battle of the Camel. However, the Prophet (PBUH) did not oblige these high-risk jobs for all women because it is better to save the children’s lives and fight against infection for pregnant women and nursing moms than fighting on the battlefield. Moreover, women in the army unit may be at higher risk for infections such as vaginal infections, urinary tract infections, etc. Aisha (RA) reported: I said, “O Messenger of Allah, is jihad a duty upon women?” In order to protect women’s health and well-being, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Yes, jihad is a duty upon them in which there is no fighting in the battlefield): The Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages.” (Sunan Ibn Mājah) Pilgrimage is also a trial of patience. Women face many challenges to go on the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages, such as traveling in heat and among large crowds.

Some professionals are at risk of infectious diseases in specific industries and in certain occupations. For example, construction workers are at risk of Lyme disease. The Prophet (PBUH) prohibited buying or selling women singers. Riskier lifestyles (unprotective clothing), overuse of the voice, and risky professions of female singers, musicians, and voice actors who died early might be linked to their cause of early death (e.g., infections, cancer, heart attack, and other unnatural causes). If a chicken strives to be free from its cage, then the fox will be happy; similarly, if vulnerable populations wish to be exposed in the name of freedom, Satan will smile.

4. Poor: Many viral diseases disproportionately affect the poorest populations due to a lack of nutritious food, safe water, sanitation, healthcare, and protective clothing, along with poor living conditions and overcrowding. Poverty can contribute to the spread of diseases such as tuberculosis and respiratory infections. Infants and children in poor families are at a higher risk of death due to a lack of access to clean water, and diarrhea can lead to malnutrition, lower cognitive performance, and stunted physical growth. The Quran and Hadith encourage us to donate food, clothing, and belongings to slaves, captives, orphans, needy individuals, and travelers who cannot afford these essentials.

What activities are contributing to the growth of pathogens and disease emergence?

In most cases, human activities contribute to disease emergence and transmission, directly or indirectly, impacting climate change, globalization, urbanization, deforestation, mining, soil erosion, destruction of wetlands, road construction, growth of oil and gas industries, improper waste disposal, socioeconomic factors, lack of healthcare, increased irrigation, increased travel, consumption behavior, risky sexual behavior, and unhealthy habits. For example, mining generates large quantities of heavy metal-laden wastes, pollutes air and drinking water, harms wildlife and human health, and contributes to the risk of emerging infectious diseases by altering land use and human-animal interaction. The Prophet (PBUH) prophesied that “a mountain of gold will be disclosed from beneath the River Euphrates, but you should not take anything from it.” This Hadith suggests that these ancient treasures (gold mines) may be full of disease-causing microorganisms. Intensive farming and deforestation are associated with climate change and outbreaks of zoonotic pathogens, such as malaria caused by parasites found in temperate areas.

Human consumption habits have a significant environmental impact, contributing to global greenhouse gas emissions and airborne pollutants. The Quran warns against excessive wealth accumulation and consumption habits that lead to an increase in debt (riba), emphasizing the transient nature of material wealth and its potential negative consequences. By consuming fewer products, greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) educated his community about local water resources, the importance of protecting the water cycle, and advocated for a lifestyle that minimizes environmental impact, such as reducing meat consumption. Overuse of water in households affects freshwater availability, local water quality, and the energy-intensive process of filtration. The Prophet taught us not to waste even when performing ablution, emphasizing the prohibition of wastage in various aspects of life. Today, humans are destroying Earth’s natural resources at an unprecedented rate, jeopardizing the health and wealth of future generations through their actions and habits.

Humans and jinn are responsible for causing changes in the environment that hurt plant and animal species. The ignorance, arrogance, irresponsibility, and negligence of the children of Adam can misuse and damage every blessing and resource Allah has given them, leading to an apocalyptic event where the Creator makes a final judgment of all people and jinn on Earth. Abu Huraira reported the Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, saying, “There is no creature but that it is alert on Friday when it awakens until the sun sets, anxious of the Hour, except for humans and jinn.” Reckless lifestyles and evil choices in the name of “freedom” contribute to the emergence of infectious diseases and climate change. Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman reported the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, saying, “The Hour will not be established until the happiest of people in the world is the depraved fool, son of the depraved fool.” A solar or lunar eclipse might be linked with the activities of a supervolcanic eruption, signaling the final apocalypse. Utilizing resources properly makes this planet habitable for longer, and humans are accountable for their actions on the day of judgment. The Quran mentions, “Indeed, We offered the Trust to the heavens and the earth and the mountains, and they declined to bear it and feared it, but man undertook to bear it. Indeed, he was unjust and ignorant.” (Qur’an 33:72) Humans are entrusted with the care of the Earth, and their actions will be individually and collectively accounted for in the hereafter.

The Quran as a Guideline to the Right Way of Life:

The Quran and Hadith serve as guidelines for healthy eating, a healthy lifestyle, understanding signs of diseases, diagnosis, causes, and treatment of diseases, disease control and prevention, and community-related exposure. For instance, the Quran advises the public to perform the obligatory precautionary practice (wudu) frequently, reducing the risk of exposure to harmful microorganisms. Pathogens cause impurities (e.g., pus, infection) and lead to physical and mental health problems, creating an obstacle or a barrier to connecting with the Creator. Lifestyle-related heart problems also create spiritual distance due to increasing disobedience and ungratefulness. A believer’s prayer (Salat) is not merely a verbal or spiritual act of worship; believers also perform ablution, wear protective clothes, and engage in physical worship and seek Allah’s help to guide them to the right path through prayers. Actions should align with verbal commitments of believers in prayers and not conflict with them like hypocrites. Allah will not change conditions (e.g., diseases, obesity) until individuals have willingness and make enough effort to change themselves. Salat is both an aerobic and stretching exercise and a spiritual activity that improves heart function and lowers the risk of lifestyle diseases.

The Quran provides guidelines for precautions, prevention, and guidance for healing and solving all diseases and present problems in the world. The Quran emphasizes Allah’s intention to lighten human sufferings, acknowledging mankind’s vulnerability to pathogen attacks (4:28). It encourages striving to follow Allah’s guidelines for personal benefit. The Quran addresses the people of the book (guidelines): “Do you believe in one part of the Book and not in the other?” [2:85]. Following only half of Allah’s and His messengers’ guidelines will not sufficiently protect individuals and others from illnesses and sufferings.

Proper Eating Behavior for a Healthy Life and Disease Prevention

Here are some key points to consider:

1. Eat a balanced and healthy diet: “The believer is like a bee which eats what is pure and wholesome and lays that which is pure and wholesome. When it lands on something, it doesn’t break or ruin it.” (Narrated by Imam Ahmad on the authority of Abdullah bin Amr). The Quran and Hadith mention some of the most nutrient-rich foods on the planet. For example, honey and clean water, which are natural antibiotics, are mentioned in the Quran. Six fruits with antimicrobial properties are also mentioned: dates, grapes, pomegranate, banana, fig, and olives. Specifically, the Prophet (Allah’s peace be upon him) is reported to have said that pomegranate removes the effects of Satan (intestinal parasites) and his whispers for forty days. In the chapter titled “The Fig” in the Quran, Allah describes the human being as being created perfectly (balanced). Our gut is a perfect ecosystem that is home to good companions (beneficial microbes) and stubborn companions. Therefore, it is crucial to select a balanced diet that supports the growth of healthy microbes in our ecosystem to maintain a perfect immune system and balance our gut. Our gut is interconnected with the purification of our hearts.

Fruits and vegetables heal diseases and satisfy hunger. Ever notice how many fruits and vegetables resemble body organs? For example, kidney beans look exactly like the human kidneys, which heal and help maintain kidney function. Walnuts look like the brain, enhancing signaling within the brain and encouraging new messaging links between brain cells. Interestingly, in Chapter “The Fig” in the Quran, Allah swears by the fig and the olive. Fig seeds resemble sperm, and olives look like ovaries. Figs increase the motility of male sperm and increase the numbers of sperm. Olives assist the health and function of the ovaries. This verse hints at how figs and olives improve fertility for those who maintain a balanced gut ecosystem. All these similarities in creations and their fairly balanced ecosystems prove that the same Creator designs all things. “Is it that the One who has created the heavens and the earth has no power to create ones like them? Why not? He is the Supreme Creator, the All-Knowing” (Quran: 36:81).

“For He commands them to do what is just (good) and forbids them from what is evil (contaminated with pathogenic viruses, unhealthy, hazardous). He allows them as lawful what is good and clean and prohibits them from what is bad and impure (unclean, contaminated).” [Quran 7: 157] The Quran identifies a list of unhealthy foods: “He has forbidden you dead meat, blood, and the flesh of swine, and that which any other name has been invoked besides that of Allah. But if one is forced by necessity, without willful disobedience, nor transgressing due limits, then he is guiltless. For Allah is Most forgiving, Most Merciful.” (2: 173) This verse clearly states three exceptions regarding harmful or unhealthy consumption: 1) necessity, 2) without willful disobedience, nor 3) transgressing due limits. Before consuming harmful or unhealthy things, we need to assess the necessity. If possible, avoid unhealthy or harmful sources. If not, choose sources that are associated with minimal risk. An individual will not be liable if he or she is not negligent in causing the sin of disobedience. For example, a person takes all precautions recommended by the Quran but might develop a serious infection or illness due to the negligence of others; they will not be liable. A hadith mentions that the Prophet (PBUH) said: “My example and the example of the people are like a man who made a fire, and when it lit up, moths and other insects started falling into the fire. The man tried (his best) to prevent them (from falling into the fire), but they overpowered him and rushed into the fire. The Prophet (PBUH) added: Now, similarly, I take hold of the knots at your waist (belts) to prevent you from falling into the Fire, but you insist on falling into it.” (Sahih al-Bukhari)

Harmful microorganisms live in the blood of their animal hosts, and many diseases are transmitted among humans through close contact with infected animals or sources; therefore, the Quran teaches us: “… do not follow the footsteps of the Shaytan.” Foods and meats are at the greatest risk of virus contamination; therefore, people who consume contaminated food experience illness. According to hadith, it is not permissible to eat animals if they have been beaten, strangled, savaged, or found dead. Instead, the slaughter procedure should be performed in a manner that is less stressful on the animal and avoids frightening animals. Recent research shows that stress among livestock affects the quality of meat in terms of tenderness, perishability, and color. “Verily Allah has prescribed Ihsan (fairness) in all things. So, if you kill, then kill well; and if you slaughter, then slaughter well. Let each one of you sharpen his blade and let him spare suffering to the animal he slaughters.” [Muslim] The companions asked the Prophet (PBUH) said: “Shall we be rewarded for showing kindness to the animals also?” He (PBUH) said, “A reward is given in connection with every living creature” (Al-Bukhari and Muslim).

The type of food eaten might affect the chemistry of the body and, hence, the character and behavior of individuals. The meat from animals might transfer genetic materials to you through eating. The meat of pigs, swine, cats, dogs, rats, mice, tigers, foxes, lions, eagles, falcons, hawks, etc., is prohibited according to the teachings of Allah and His messengers, while the flesh of herbivorous animals is allowed to be eaten, i.e., sheep, camels, deer, goats, chicken, ducks, geese, birds, etc. On the Day of Khaibar, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) prohibited eating domesticated donkeys, the meat of mules, every predator that possesses canine teeth, and every bird that possesses talons. (Jami at-Tirmidhi) Wildlife (free-roaming animals such as foxes, bats) has been a source of infectious diseases transmissible to humans. Wildlife-meat consumption can cause zoonotic diseases. Hunters and their dogs can be exposed to infectious diseases via infected animals, bushmeat consumption, insect vectors, and contaminated soil and water. Adi b. Hatim reported: “I asked Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) saying: ‘We are a people who hunt with these (trained) dogs; then (what should we do)?’ Thereupon he (the Prophet) said: ‘When you set off your trained dogs, having recited the name of Allah, then eat what these (hounds) have caught for you, even if it (the game) is killed, provided (the hunting dog) has not eaten (any part of the game). If it has eaten (the game), then you don’t eat it as I fear that it might have caught for its own self. And do not eat it if other (feral) dogs have joined your trained dogs.’”

The Quran promotes us to eat even-toed hoofed animals who are herbivorous (plant eaters) except the pig. Pork is forbidden for Muslims to consume, yet pigs assist in cleaning the environment by consuming waste. However, pigs do not sweat so the body’s internal temperature of the pig makes their gut imbalanced. Besides, the pig and swine can carry and infect the eater with deadly diseases that many livestock include erysipelas, balantidiasis, ringworm, streptococcosis, leptospirosis, campylobacteriosis, cryptosporidiosis, salmonellosis, giardiasis, brucellosis, infection with pathogenic E. coli, and influenza. Pork has the highest content of fat impregnated with the meat that may cause overweight and obesity, high levels of TG in the plasma, high cholesterol that may lead to infection, cardiovascular diseases, and heart attack problems.

We’re omnivores. Our teeth show our adaptive ability to eat diverse foods. The teaching of Allah recommends that we can eat fish meat: “Lawful to you is what you catch from the sea and (use) it for food as provision for yourselves and the travelers…” [Quran 5:96]. Fish is filled with omega-3 fatty acids and vitamins such as D and B2 (riboflavin). Fish is rich in calcium and phosphorus and a great source of minerals, such as iron, zinc, iodine, magnesium, and potassium. Our bodies use proteins from meat and plant sources to build and repair tissues, as well as make hormones, enzymes, and other things that are vital to our health. Animal foods are the highest quality protein sources. Plant sources lack one or more amino acids. “Allah created cattle for you, wherein is warmth and many gains, and you eat thereof” (16:5, 22:28).

Eat pomegranates, beets, ginger, thyme (Zatar Farsi), and Lagenaria siceraria (gourd) to assist in getting rid of (parasitic) intestinal worms naturally. Some researchers found that a mixture of honey and papaya seeds cleared stools of parasites. Hadith indicates that the Prophet (PBUH) encouraged the donation and consumption of healthy foods. Narrated Ibn Umar: Allah’s Apostle made it incumbent on all the slave or free Muslims, male or female, to pay one Sa’ of dates or barley (natural medicine to fight against infection and other diseases) as Zakat-ul-Fitr. [Bukhari] Narrated Jabala: “We were in Medina with some of the Iraqi people, and we were struck with famine and Ibn Az-Zubair used to give us dates (natural medicine). One day the Prophet (PBUH) woke up and said, “Glorified be Allah: What great (how many) treasures (blessing) have been sent down (to recover us from illnesses), and what great (how many) afflictions (pathogens) have been sent down!”

2. Eat in moderation: Goat and camel meat have a low quantity of fats. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) ate grilled meat (camel meat and mutton) in moderation. Anas (RA) mentioned: “I went along with the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) barley bread and soup containing pumpkin and dried sliced meat. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)also consumed sawiq, which is a coarse broth made from ground wheat and barley. Broth with vegetables and bones reduce inflammation and heal the gut. Anas said: “I went along with the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) barley bread and soup containing pumpkin and dried sliced meat. If all people in this world become vegetarians, some animal species become overpopulated, which will create more disease-prone environments. As intelligent beings, humans need to know their boundaries and the consequences of transgression in consumption. Excessive animal farming may also lead to the emergence of bacteria in animals. Moreover, excessive meat consumption is responsible for releasing greenhouse gases such as CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide that contribute to global warming.

Dietary habits and patterns influence the behavior of people and animals. Think about the diet and eating habits of animals. Tigers may consume up to 40 kg of meat (protein) at one time. The personality and characteristics of a tiger are aggressive, oppressive, stubborn, boastful, quick decision maker, fearsome loud voice, and physically strong (muscular). The average lifespan of a wild tiger who eats meat daily is about 11 years. Most domestic hoofed animals, especially livestock, eat grass and vegetables as their main source of food. The personalities and characteristics of most farm animals are obedient and submissive under the control of humans. A high-carbohydrate diet can cause high-level aggression and mood swings in dogs while additives and chemicals can cause hyperactivity and allergic reactions. Roaring like a (violent) tiger, mooing like a (talkative) cow, barking like an (excessively hungry) dog, or screaming like a donkey (loud talker) does not make you separate from an animal in terms of behavior.

The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “The strong are not the best wrestlers (physically strong). Verily, the strong are only those who control themselves when they are angry.” Self-control, gratitude, patience, and self-regulation are some important character strengths and traits that are required to develop one’s higher “self”. As intelligent beings, we need to maintain a balanced diet with the right nutrition and control portions that assist us in developing a desirable and successful personality. Carbohydrates and proteins play a unique role in building muscles and maintaining physical strength. But it is important to consider how much protein (meat) and carbohydrates you need every day. Poor eating habits or overconsumption of animal protein, trans fat, or saturated fat (overweight and obesity) can modify immune function and imbalance in cells, which may lead to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and cancers.

After Jumuah prayer, Muslims from Madinah used to eat a dish that was prepared with barley and chard without any oil or meat. Eating meat is not obligatory because most early wealthy (and middle class) followers of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) used to eat meat once a week and share meat with the poor people who lacked the nutrition of protein (meat) on Eid day. The teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) promote limiting food intake for rich people and donating healthy food to malnourished people who do not afford to buy healthy foods.

Allah has sent down both the disease and the cure. Eating too much red meat could be bad for our health as Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) says, “The milk of the cattle contains healing, its fat is a medicine, and its meat (causes) sickness” (Tabarani). Research has shown that regularly eating red meat and processed meat can raise the risk of type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and other diseases. Too much protein (meat) influences aggressive behavior and too many addictive foods (e.g., pizza, fried foods, candies, sugary food, sweet, soda) make you hyperactive. Avoid addictive foods as much as possible. During his caliphate, Umar ibn al Khattab (RA) prohibited people from eating meat two days in a row. Yahya ibn Said reported: Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said, “Beware of meat, for meat can be as addictive as wine.” Like addictive wine and drugs, addictive foods can trigger feel-good brain chemicals such as dopamine that can affect your personality. Eating meat is a global obsession for many people in wealthy countries. Today the rich hoards meat in the fridge. Abu Huraira reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Were it not for the children of Israel, meat would not spoil. Were it not for Eve, a wife would not betray her husband.” (Ṣaḥiḥ al-Bukhari, Ṣaḥiḥ Muslim). In the old days, most Muslims used to eat meat, like the middle class once a week (on Friday).

Once Sahl bin Sad was asked, “Did Allah’s Apostle ever eat white flour?” He replied, “Allah’s Apostle never saw white flour [from the time] Allah sent him as an Apostle till He took him unto Him.” (Sahih Al-Bukhari) Aisha reported: The family of Muhammad (Peace and blessings be upon them) never ate their fill of wheat bread for three consecutive nights. Grains, which include crops like wheat and rice, have very little nutritional value. Refined grains and white bread have also been linked to numerous metabolic diseases and obesity. Some believe that grains can cause an overgrowth of bad bacteria in the gut. Moreover, some certain crops accumulate arsenic. Limiting meat and grains may benefit some health conditions but cutting out all meat and grains is unnecessary.

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) did not eat luxury meals daily. A hadith mentions that he didn’t eat cooked food for three months. It indicates that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) spent some time as a fruitarian (He ate only dates). Sometimes he also used to tie two stones over his belly even though he was the ruler of Medina. He taught the importance of practicing self-control from the temptation of food by saying: “Whoever can guarantee (the chastity of) what is between his two jaw-bones and what is between his two legs (i.e., his tongue and his private parts), I guarantee Paradise (living in peace) for him.” The mouth and private parts are the entry points of harmful microbes to the digestive and respiratory tracts, and some of these bacteria can cause disease. He said: “A believer eats in one intestine (is satisfied with a little food and follows a one-meal-a-day eating plan), and a disbeliever (of the hereafter) eats in seven intestines (and cannot control food temptation because they believe they have one life to live).” Overeating is a non-suicidal self-injury or self-destructive behavior that can shorten one’s life. It can also be considered an impulsive control disorder. The Quran warns mankind: “Do not throw yourselves into destruction by your own hands.” (2:195). “Do not be like those who forgot (the guidelines of) Allah, so He made them forget their own selves (health). Those are the sinners.” [Surah Al-Hasr, 19] Moreover, sometimes Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) practiced intermittent fasting, which increases stress resistance, decreases the incidence of diseases, and increases longevity. He said: “Verily, the believer because of his good character (personality trait) attains the stage of the fasting one and one who stands in prayer during the night.” Fasting also has an impact on a person’s dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitters.

3. Eat wisely: Did you see how Allah designs fruits and vegetables and puts a seed inside them that will produce fruits for his creations in the future? It is how Allah teaches us we need to think about our future and plant the seed for our future. Don’t we owe future generations a world that is better than the one we inherited? The continuation of overconsumption leads to environmental degradation and loss of resources. Dietary habits affect the environment. Researchers found that eating more calories causes more greenhouse gas emissions and plastic pollution. Eating in moderation and fasting twice a week, like the Prophet (PBUH), also have a positive impact on the environment. Your quality of life is interconnected, interdependent, and interrelated to the quality of soil, air, and water.

Your everyday food choices affect global warming. Researchers have found that food production, including raising livestock, growing crops, fishing, transporting, and food waste, is responsible for global greenhouse gas emissions and environmental damage. As a leader of our body and Planet Earth, we need to learn how to maintain a balanced life. Add fruits to your diet and reduce meat and soil-produced foods (e.g., bread, rice) to fight climate change. For producing a loaf of bread, the amount of ammonium nitrate fertilizer on wheat crops used by farmers can impact the environment negatively. Healthy soils are the foundation for healthy food production. Over-cultivation damages the quality of soil and produces less nutritious foods.

A nation’s eating habits (e.g., eating more meals, eating excessive meat and bread or rice, wasting foods) are linked to poor health, food insecurity, poverty, and natural disasters. The Quran indicates how the eating habits of Bani Israel were linked to poverty: “And when you said, ‘O Moses, ‘We will not put up with one kind of food. So, invoke your Lord for us, so that He may bring forth for us that which the earth grows — its greens and cucumbers, Its garlic, lentils, and onions.’ He said, ‘Do you seek to replace what is high-quality (healthiest and nutritious foods) with that which is low-quality (foods)? Go down to any town and you will indeed get what you ask for!’ So, they were struck with abasement and poverty, and they earned Allah’s wrath (poor health, diseases, disorders).” [2:61] Many prophets taught how to achieve good health through fasting and changing the feeding habits of their nations.

4. Avoid destructive eating habits: Some foods make parasites worse and encourage their growth, including grains, sugar, coffee, and alcohol. Drinking alcohol is not allowed according to the teachings of Allah and Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Excessive alcohol use can lead to the development of chronic diseases and other serious problems, including high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, liver disease, and digestive problems. Alcohol use has been associated with a higher risk of cancers of the colon and rectum. The Prophet identified the nature and ingredients of alcoholic drinks: “Now then O people! The revelation about the prohibition of alcoholic drinks was revealed; and alcoholic drinks are extracted from five things: Grapes, dates, honey (alternative: sweet, sugar, high fructose syrup), wheat and barley. And the alcoholic drink is that which confuses and stupefies the mind (damage the brain).” [Sahih Al-Bukhari] The main reason for the prohibition of alcoholic beverages is that they affect gut health, and gut health is linked to our heart health, brain health, and mental health. Heart health is linked to reasoning ability (to differentiate between what is right and what is wrong), and these drinks develop an obstacle to becoming enlightened.

Today, people drink energy drinks, sports drinks, and other beverages that are high in minerals and have the same effect as alcohol on our gut health and heart health, even though these drinks have little benefits. Sugar is one of the main ingredients in these energy drinks which can stoke inflammation and feed bad bacteria that increase your risk of infection and disrupt the gut microbiome. Researchers using data from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) found that people who drink sugary beverages frequently are more likely to have poorer memory, smaller overall brain volume, and a significantly smaller hippocampus (and it affects learning and memory). The researchers found that students who frequently consumed (or increased their use of) energy drinks had higher rates of cocaine use, prescription stimulant misuse, and alcohol problems compared to those who didn’t consume energy drinks. Sugar-sweetened sodas with sucrose and fructose may increase the higher risk of breast cancer. The psychological effects of energy and sugary drinks might be similar to intoxicants. But if we assess the risk and potential benefits of these beverages, the magnitude of harm is greater than its temporary benefits. These dangerously addictive “Hell Drinks” can lead to heart palpitations, a rise in your blood pressure, cardiovascular health issues, and diabetes. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) warns us: “At the end times, people will make it lawful to drink intoxicants and call it by another name.” We need to educate ourselves on the beneficial and harmful effects of new innovations to identify whether these ingredients and materials are the right choice or wrong choice for our health and environment. As intellectual living beings, humans are also responsible for analyzing risk-benefit estimations and transgression and its limits to maintain a fairly balanced ecosystem. For example, you should avoid some drugs or energy drinks that have some temporary benefits, but their harm is greater than their benefit.

5. Take care of yourself and your loved ones: Our body is a blessing from Allah. We are not the owners of our bodies. As the authority of our earthly bodies, we should choose our foods wisely. The Quran mentions: “And in the earth are tracts (diverse though) neighboring, and gardens of vines and fields sown with corn, and palm trees — growing out of single roots or otherwise: watered with the same water, yet some of them We make more excellent than others to eat. Behold, verily in these things there are signs for those who understand.” (Surah Al-Rad, Verse 4) When we eat unhealthy and harmful foods, we oppress our body (health) and ourselves. Our father Adam and his wife ate forbidden foods. He repented and asked for forgiveness from God: “Our Lord, we have oppressed ourselves, and if You do not forgive us and have mercy upon us, we will surely be among the losers.” (Surah Araf, 23) If you constantly crave junk food, you cannot purify your heart and enlighten your soul. “Fighting (struggle to control or resist temptation) is enjoined upon you, while it is hard on you. It could be that you dislike something when it is good for you, and it could be that you like something when it is bad for you. Allah knows, and you do not know.” (Surah Baqarah, Verse 216) Your creator knows you better than you know yourself! Jabir (RA) reported that The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “That flesh will not enter Paradise which has grown from Haram, and all that flesh which has grown from Haram, the fire is more worthy of it.” (Ahmed, Darimi, Baihaqi) You can worship the Creator by taking care of your body. “O you who believe! Take care of your own selves. If you follow the right guidance and enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong, no hurt (harm, sickness) can come to you from those who are in error (with an unclean and unhealthy lifestyle). The return of you all is to Allah, then He will inform you about (all) that which you used to do (as an authority of your body and planet Earth).” [Quran 5:105]

Your family is also a blessing from Allah and a source of tranquility. The Quran mentions: “Your spouse (wives) are your garments (body), and you are their garments (body)” [al-Baqarah; 187]. Your spouse’s health reflects your health. If your spouse eats unhealthily, practices poor hygiene, and follows an unhealthy lifestyle, you also become sick because of spousal transmission. Allah says: “O My servants, I have forbidden oppression for Myself and have made it forbidden amongst you, so do not oppress one another.” (Muslim) “O you who believe! Ward off yourselves and your families against a Fire (disease-causing microbes, Jinn) whose fuel is men and stones (in hell)” [al-Tahreem 66:6]

“Every one of you is a shepherd, and every one of you is responsible for his flock (those under his care) … a man is the shepherd over the members of his household and he is responsible for them…” (Bukhari, Muslim) It is a man’s obligation to provide healthy food, a secured home, good protective clothes, and educate his spouse, children, and slaves about the guidelines of the Quran. “Men are the protectors (of the women’s’ health and well-being) and maintainers of women’ because Allah has made one of them excel the other, and because they spend (to support them) from their means” [al-Nisaa’ 4:34] The Prophet (PBUH) said: “The Believer to the Believer is like a solid building, one part supporting the other.” If you want to minimize your risk of infection and enhance your overall health, encourage your family to do good deeds (e.g., proper hygiene, sanitation, fasting, prayer, physical activities, donations, etc.) The Prophet (PBUH) and his wife Aisha (RA) used to run races. “The believing men and believing women are allies of one another. They enjoin good, forbid evil (which causes diseases and sufferings), establish Prayer, pay Zakah, and follow (the guidelines of) Allah and His Messenger (for their benefits). Surely Allah will show mercy to them. Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise. Allah has promised the believing men and believing women gardens beneath which rivers flow. They shall abide in it. There are delightful dwelling places for them in the Gardens of Eternity. They shall, above all, enjoy the good pleasure of Allah. That is a great achievement.” (Surah Tawba: 71–72)

6. Prepare meals in a healthy way: Hadith teaches us how to prepare meals for family and others in a healthy way. The first step is to inspect whether the food or fruit is clean or contaminated or not. Anas bin Malik narrated: “I saw the Messenger of Allah (SAW) when he was brought some old dates; he started to inspect them.” Narrated ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar: Allah’s Apostle said, “Do not sell fruits of dates until they become free from all the dangers of being spoiled (contaminated, rotten) or blighted; and do not sell fresh dates for dry dates.” “Later on, Allah’s Apostle permitted the selling of ripe fruits on trees for fresh dates or dried dates in Bai’-l- ‘Araya, and did not allow it for any other kind of sale.” (Bukhari) Many diseases can be contracted from eating food contaminated with foodborne bacteria Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, etc. Even food poisoning can lead to death.

Secondly, check food containers, preservation, storage before eating. The growth of fungi that produce toxins is promoted by bad storage conditions and climatic circumstances. The way you cook and store food can also affect food quality. “One day, the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: ‘I wish that we had some white bread made of brown wheat, softened with ghee, that we could eat.’ A man from among the Ansar heard that, so he took some (of that food) and brought it to him. The Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: ‘Where was this ghee kept?’ He said: ‘In a container made of mastigure skin.’ And he refused to eat it.”

If the food has been at room temperature for more than two hours, bacteria may form toxins. Therefore, store those leftovers properly in the fridge that is set no higher than 40 degrees F. Don’t overbuy foods or overstuff your fridge. To prevent food poisoning, it is better to eat or donate the stored food as soon as you can because spoilage bacteria can affect your food within a few days. Wash fruits, vegetables, and meat before cooking or eating them. Slow cooking is a healthy cooking method because low direct heat from the slow cooker and the steam created in the tightly-covered container combine to destroy some bacteria. But cooking food to 165 or more degrees F might also kill some bacteria. Recent studies have shown that cooking food at high-temperature damages human DNA and causes cancer. In the United Kingdom, the Food Standards Agency (FSA) issued warnings about acrylamide, which is created in food (e.g., potatoes, cereal) when it’s roasted, fried or grilled at very high temperatures for a long time and is considered to be a potential cancer risk.

However, improper food combinations can lead to digestive issues. Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: “Do not mix fresh dates and dry dates, and grapes and fresh dates for preparing Nabidh.” (a drink). [Sahih Muslim] The Messenger of Allah used to eat ripe dates with watermelon or fresh dates with cucumber.

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) has said, “One who eats a pinch of salt before and after a thing Allah will protect him from 360 types of hardship, of which the easiest is leprosy.” Salt has antibacterial and antiseptic properties, allowing healing in conditions such as eczema, acne, or psoriasis. Salt can be used as a preservative and can kill some bacteria, effectively by sucking water out of them. However, eating too much salt can contribute to high blood pressure. Bacteria also die in highly acidic environments. Always drink safe and clean water. Boiling water inactivates some viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and other pathogens.

7. Share your food with others: Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) taught the pleasure of food sharing with humans and harmless animals. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “If you cook broth, increase the amount of liquid in it and give some to your neighbors.”

In order to reduce food waste and avoid overeating, the serving amount should be less than the number of eaters. Allah’s Apostle said, “The food for two persons is sufficient for three, and the food of three persons is sufficient for four persons.” According to the Quran and hadith, it is not permissible to throw the food in the garbage. But it is better to throw away haram (unhealthy, contaminated) food that makes people sick than to give it to another to eat. “None of you will believe until you love for your brother (another child of Adam) what you love for yourself.” (Bukhari)

8. Practice mindful eating: Mindful eating is linked to maintaining proper etiquette for eating. According to the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), the proper etiquette for eating can be categorized into three different phases: (1) before eating, (2) while eating, and (3) after eating. The first step involves washing our mouth and hands for purification before eating because germs on our hands can enter our mouths if not washed properly. It was narrated from Aishah that if the Prophet wanted to eat when he was unclean, he would wash his hands (Sunan Ibn Majah).

Pronounce the name of Allah (i.e., say Bismillaah) before eating or drinking. The Prophet taught us: “Mention Allah’s Name (i.e., say Bismillah), eat with your right hand, and eat from what is in front of you.” [Al-Bukhari and Muslim]. If, however, a person forgets to mention Allah’s name at the beginning of the meal and remembers that he has not said so only after he has already started eating, he must say upon remembering, “Bismillaahi awwalihi wa aakhirihi” (I begin with the Name of Allah at the beginning and at the end).

As a ruler of Medina, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) ate food while sitting on the floor and said: “I eat as the servant eats, and I sit as the servant sits. Verily, I am only a servant (of Allah).” Food is digested better when we are sitting, and reclining or laying down while eating is discouraged as it can lead to heartburn or choking. It was narrated that the Prophet (SAW) said: “I do not eat while I am reclining” (Narrated by al-Bukhari).

He advised us: “To allow the food to get cold before partaking of it, for hot food has no barakah (blessing).” A study in the Journal of International Cancer found that any type of hot food or liquid has the potential to irritate the lining of the throat and esophagus, leading to chronic inflammation and the formation of cancer cells.

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) emphasized the importance of eating together (family dinner), which is crucial for building relationships and decreasing the chance of overeating. No good food was brought to him, but he ate it unless he had no appetite for it, in which case he left it but did not forbid it. Praise Allah and be thankful for the food you are given because gratitude practice and the pleasure of food sharing with others bring stronger positive gut health, heart health, and mental health results, which play a role in longevity. Hadith indicates that a thankful eater is like a patient faster. Both fasting and practicing gratitude during mealtimes are good deeds for heart health. Anas b. Malik reported that Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) said: Allah is pleased with His servant who says: “Alhamdulillah (all praise be to Allah)” while taking a morsel of food and while drinking. When people are stressed or ungrateful, their bodies can’t digest food well, causing constipation or diarrhea. Wash your hands after eating because the germs on your hands go into your mouth. As Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “Perform Wudu (cleansing or handwashing) after eating camel meat.” [Related by Muslim].

Eating an early dinner can help you burn fat, while eating a late dinner can cause weight gain. Narrated Sahl bin Sad: Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) said, “The people will remain on the right path as long as they hasten the breaking of the fast” (Bukhari). Here, breaking fast with food can be considered as an early dinner. He said: “Digest your food with the Name of Allah and with doing (Isha or night) prayer (with physical activities). And do not go to sleep immediately after eating, as this will make you constipated.” Go to sleep earlier after Esha or night prayer.

A Prophetic Diet: Foods That Naturally Purify Your Gut and Heart

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) taught us how to connect with our Creator and earn rewards for the hereafter through praying, exercising, fasting, choosing the right diet, buying the right foods and clothes, sharing, cleaning, preparing food, ensuring safe food handling, and serving meals. A healthy and well-balanced diet is essential for good health and nutrition. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) maintained a diet rich in polyphenols, probiotics, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory components, and antibacterial properties. This diet helps maintain the right balance in the gut, promoting weight loss, improving digestion, boosting the immune system, reducing inflammation, lowering the risk of heart diseases and depression, and increasing longevity. The Prophet (PBUH) said: “The lifespan for my Ummah is from sixty years to seventy years, and very few surpass this (without taking modern medicine).”

Foods to Add to Your Diet:

· Bread: Barley, wheat

· Fresh fruit: Dates, banana, olives, watermelon, pomegranate, grapes, fig, fruit vinegar, lemon

· Veggies: Pumpkin, gourd, squash, cucumber, mushroom, endive, ginger

· Animal Protein: Sea fish or grilled meat

· Oil: Olive oil

· Herb: Nigella sativa/Black seed, thyme, fenugreek, sweet basil

· Mineral: Salt

· Dairy: Cow milk or goat milk, butter, cheese

· Drink: Clean Water

· Natural sweet: Natural mountain honey

Foods to Avoid:

· Artificial food; unnatural food, addictive food

· Beef and pork and their fat

· Blood

· Unclean and unwashed fruit & meat

· Contaminated food, rotten foods

· Meat of sick or dead animals

· Meat that is not slaughtered in the name of Allah

· Raw onions, leeks, and garlic

· Not too much hot and not too much cold food and drink

· Wine, alcoholic beverages, carbonated soft drinks, intoxicants

· Refined carbs and sugar

How to Train Your Gut:

· Start morning breakfast (suhur) with seven Ajwa dates (before Fajr prayer)

· Eat an early dinner before the night prayer (before Esha Azan)

· The recommended serving size for a bowl of soup is 4–6 ounces

· Consume 500–600 calories per day for healthy adults (depending on age, gender, and disease)

· Make most of your meals vegetables and fruits

· Do not eat bread for three consecutive days

· 2 days of intermittent fasting per week (Monday and Thursday)

· Sometimes train yourself with no-cook meals for a while

· Prefer clean raw food instead of cooked food

· Prefer fresh fruits over meat

· Eat meat once a week (Avoid meat as much as possible)

· Do not fill your mouth with more than a piece of fruit at once

· Eat just half of what’s on your plate. But don’t waste food and share food with others

· Avoid filling the stomach with food and drink. Fill one-third of your stomach with food, one-third with drink, and one-third with air

· Skip sugary drinks and coffee

· Add milk to your diet

· Drink water by sips and not gulps

· Stay active

A Healthy Prophetic Lifestyle to Prevent Diseases: Choose Quality Over Quantity

The teachings of Allah and His messengers emphasize the importance of quality and quantity. The Quran instructs us: “So eat of the lawful and good (clean and natural) food which Allah has provided for you (natural and fresh; not contaminated or modified), and be grateful (for staying healthy) for the favor of Allah.” [Surah An-Nahl: 114] and “Eat and drink, but not to excess.” There is a saying: Eat to live, don’t live to eat. Similarly, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: The son of Adam does not fill any vessel worse than his stomach. It is sufficient for the son of Adam to eat a few mouthfuls to keep him going. If he must do that (fill his stomach), then let him fill one third with food, one third with drink, and one third with air.” (Tirmidhi). al-Hasan reported: Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, saw a man with a large belly and he said, “What is this?” The man said, “It is a blessing from Allah.” Umar said, “No, rather it is a punishment (which could cause diseases).” [Hadith Muhammad ibn Abd Allah al-Anṣari] On seeing an overweight man, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) said: “If you did not have a paunch (belly fat), it would be better for you.” He also said: “Overeating does not go with good health.” If a person with obesity becomes unjust towards his own health, how can he become just towards others? Allah has not permitted us to eat any artificial or modified, or contaminated food and drinks which are harmful to our health. Allah blesses mankind with good, clean, and fresh provisions but evil microbes contaminate and cause rotten and spoiled foods. Believers who believe in the microscopic world (unseen) eat foods which have antibacterial properties such as dates, figs, black seed, watermelon, clean water, etc. Some antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and nutrition-rich foods are mentioned in the Quran such as dates, corn, ginger, grains, olives, figs, honey, milk, fish, pomegranate, grapes, bananas, gourds, etc.

The teachings of Allah and His messengers emphasize the importance of product quality and quantity. Selecting the right food containers is an important step to reduce the risk of food poisoning. Keeping food covered protects your food from harmful bacteria and objects or chemicals from getting into the food. “One day, the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: ‘I wish that we had some white bread made of brown wheat, softened with ghee, that we could eat.’ A man from among the Ansar heard that, so he took some (of that food) and brought it to him. The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: ‘Where was this ghee kept?’ He said: ‘In a container made of mastigure skin.’ And he refused to eat it.” Today people use food storage containers and kitchen utensils made out of plastic, glass, stainless steel, or other materials. But if the materials of the products are not antibacterial, the food within the box or pan will be covered but yet it is unguarded and unprotected from the attack of harmful microbes. Researchers found that bacteria survive longest on plastic followed by stainless steel. Some kinds of wood and pure earth are proven to be naturally antibacterial.

Cooking utensils are a source of heavy metal toxicity due to their bioaccumulation which may release from kitchen and cooking utensils and lead to food contamination and many health problems. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) warned of the toxicity of silver utensils: “Whosoever drinks in utensils of silver kindles in his belly the fire of Hell (inflammation and diseases caused by pathogens or fiery Jinn).” Avoid eating or drinking from gold, silver, or gold-plated dishes or non-antibacterial dishes. Don’t go buy the shiny coating! Nowadays BPA, Cadmium, Lead, PFOA, PTFE, and PFOS have been largely used in many products, including non-stick cookware which might have negative effects on health. Assess environmental health risks before purchasing and using any products or goods.

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) taught us to focus on quality over quantity to achieve good health and well-being. Hadith indicates that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) used eco-friendly utensils that might have antibacterial properties. The utensils used during the lifetime of the Prophet (PBUH) were made of diverse materials such as wood, stone, clay, copper, and ceramic washtub called ‘mirkan’. The usage of several utensils has been authentically mentioned in Hadith, some of which are the following: It has been reported that Aishah said, “If any member of the family of the Messenger of Allah was sick, the Burmah (earthenware pot or clay pot) would remain on the fire until one of two things happened; either the person recovered or he died.” [Ibn Maajah] An old clay pot is natural antibacterial cookware. But some clay pots contain aluminum and antimony which may not be good for health. The Arabic word ‘Burmah’ means an earthenware pot made of stone. It has been narrated that Aishah said, “The Messenger of Allah entered upon me when the meat was boiling in the mirjal…” [Ahmad] The Arabic word ‘mirjal’ means cauldron or cooking pot made of stone or copper; it is also said that “marjal” is a pot made of copper only. Copper, clay, and iron are also mentioned in the Quran. Copper and its alloys (brasses, bronzes, and others) are natural antimicrobial materials. A study reported the antibacterial effect of storing drinking-water in copper pots against diarrhoeagenic bacteria, including Vibrio cholera O1, Shigella flexneri 2a, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, enteropathogenic E. coli, Salmonella enterica Typhi, and Salmonella Paratyphi. Also, copper can be used to make doorknobs and other products. Future studies may explore which material is the best antibacterial cooking utensils or other home essentials.

Also, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was careful about the quality of the fabrics and environmental health hazards. He forbids the use of the saddle cloth made of red silk and to wear garments made of Qassi material, or garments made of silk or brocade and velvet. The Quran mentions: “For he (the Prophet Muhammad PBUH) commands them what is just and forbids them what is dangerous (harmful); he allows them as lawful what is good and clean and prohibits them what is bad and unclean (disease-causing materials).” [7: 157] The silk roads are amongst some of the most important trade routes in the time of the Prophet (PBUH). But when Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) started to preach to people about the harmful effects of wearing silk, rich merchants of his community might be disappointed. Today people are using harmful fabrics but calling these harmful materials by different names. Some toxic fabrics are made from esters of dihydric alcohol and chemicals that may cause cancer, infection, and damage the environment such as polyester, velvet, acetate, rayon, nylon, acrylic, wrinkle-resistant fabric, etc. For example, Spandex contains some harmful chemicals that may irritate sensitive skin and cause dermatitis. The bad odor of non-breathable fabric within the garment may lead to skin infection. Long exposure to rayon fibers (synthetic) and nylon fibers may increase breast cancer risk. Some harmful microorganisms can also move through clothing materials based on the chemical properties of the fabric.

Mostly, the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) and his companions wore garments made of natural materials such as cotton, wool, or linen. Researchers found that cotton fabrics reduce bacteria and bacteriophages within 60 minutes of daylight exposure. Also, a recent study has found that viruses persist for shorter periods of time on cotton fabrics after exposure. Another study indicates that humidity in breath makes cotton masks more effective at slowing the spread of an infectious organism. To me, 100% organic undyed chemical-free soft white cotton is a skin-friendly and healthy fabric. However, if natural materials undergo treatment, such as formaldehyde and other harsh chemicals for dyeing and fabric softening, these materials can be harmful.

Jabir ibn Ayob said: Al-Salt ibn Rashid entered upon Muhammad ibn Sireen wearing a jubbah of wool, an izaar of wool, and a turban of wool. Muhammad got upset with him and said: I think that some people wear wool and say that ‘Esa ibn Maryam wore it. He wore black goat hair, as Muslim narrated in his Sahih from ‘Aishah said: The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) went out wearing a striped garment made of black hair. In as-Saheehayn, it is narrated from Qataadah: We said to Anas: Which garments were most liked by the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him)? He said: The hibarah. The hibarah was a Yemeni cloak. Most of their garments were made of Yemeni textiles because Yemen was close to them. They sometimes wore things that were imported from greater Syria and Egypt, such as qibati fabric woven from linen by the Copts (Egyptians). In Sahih an-Nasai, it is narrated from Aishah that she made for the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) a burdah (cloak) of wool, and he put it on, but when he sweated, he noticed the smell of the wool, and he took it off, as he liked good smells. Wool fabrics after wear have a less intense odor than polyester fabrics. The Quran mentions: “And Allah has made for you in your homes an abode and made for you out of the hides of the cattle (tents for) dwelling, which you find so light (and handy) when you travel and when you stay (in your travels); and of their wool, fur, and hair (sheep wool, camel fur, and goat hair), furnishings and articles of convenience (e.g. blankets), comfort for a while.” [An Nahl, 80] Cashmere is a non-allergenic natural goat fiber produced from the hair of a Kashmir goat. Textiles for hygiene and infection control should be an essential reference for manufacturers, designers, and producers. Aisha reported that the (genuine leather) pillow on which Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) reclined was of leather stuffed with palm fiber. Leather fabric is great for those with allergies. While the emperors of the Persians indulged in luxury, the authority of Medina Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) lived a simple life.

Hadith indicates fabric color can improve disease control. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “Wear white clothing and shroud your deceased in it” (Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud). He said: “I have not sent it to you that you wear it, but I have sent It to you so that you may derive benefit out of it.” On the day of the victory of Makkah, a black turban was on the Prophet’s head. The colors that the Prophet (PBUH) prohibited men from are dark red dyed clothing, dyed saffron color, and dark yellowish-orange, yellow, which might be produced by bacteria. For example, the Corynebacterium insidiosum microorganism produces Indigoidine, causing a blue color, and Janthinobacterium lividum produces Violacein pigment, appearing as Purple color, Staphylococcus aureus produces Staphyloxanthin, Zeaxanthin which appears Golden Yellow color, Brevibacterium produces Zeaxanthin causing Orange Yellow color. Pigments produced by bacteria are also used as additives, food color, medicinal properties, color intensifiers in food, pharmaceutical, and dying industries. Many believe these colors are safe and non-toxic. Abdullah b. Amr b. al-As reported: Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) saw me wearing two clothes dyed in saffron, whereupon he said: “These are the clothes (usually worn by) the non-believers, so do not wear them.” This hadith indicates some dying color produced by bacteria which might not be good for health. We need more research to confirm the link between dye and health issues.

Anas reported that the garment most liked by Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) was the mantle of Yemen. In Sunan Abi Dawood, it is narrated that ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abbas said: I saw the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) wearing one of the best suits. He (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) also wore a qamees or chemise [which is like the thobes that are known nowadays and, in some countries, they are called galabiyah]. The sleeves came down to the wrists (long-sleeved garment). He also wore the jubbah [which is an overgarment with wide sleeves that is open at the front and is worn over the thobe. Allah’s Messenger’s lower garment is made in Yemen, and clothes made out of Mulabbada cloth on the day of his death. He wore khuffaayn (leather slippers that come above the ankles) and sandals called taasoomah. Prophet Muhammad prophesized one of the signs of the end times that people will walk in the marketplace (gatherings) with their thighs exposed (with unprotective clothing). This hadith indicates people will be vulnerable to attack from harmful microbes for not covering themselves (with protective clothing with antimicrobial fabrics) and protecting themselves properly.

It is important to wear protective clothing to safeguard your skin, hair, and scalp from the attacks of harmful microorganisms. This includes head coverings, face masks, and covered dresses. The clearest verse on the requirement of protective dress is Surah 24:31, which instructs women to guard their genitalia and draw their khimar (veil or coverings) over their bosoms for protection. This verse indicates two aspects: 1) wearing protective garments to guard against infection, and 2) wearing protective clothing to not attract the opposite gender, which can cause rape or sexual harassment.

Abu Salih reported a saying of Abu Huraira, may Allah be pleased with him, emphasizing that some women, despite being clothed, are effectively naked due to reckless behavior in wearing unprotected and unsafe clothing. Such behavior can lead to health issues, and sexual immorality and those who engage in it may not enter Paradise. Young children and women are more susceptible to infection than males. To maintain chastity and good health, prevent infection, and avoid premature death, women and children should wear protective clothing. The Quran mentions in verse 7:26, “O Children of Adam! Indeed, We have sent down to you a garments to cover your nakedness, and as a thing of beauty. But the finest of all is the garment of piety (protective and clean clothing).” Like hygienists, believers who acknowledge the unseen microscopic world wear clean protective clothing with antibacterial materials and higher barrier efficiency to reduce virus transmission, such as surgical gowns/kameez, coveralls/jubba/thobes, scrub caps/head coverings, and face masks/face coverings. Today, we know personal protective clothing and face masks are required where employees may be exposed to toxic chemicals or pathogens.

To avoid exposure to viruses and harmful microbes, stop the spread of viruses, and prevent disease outbreaks, it is crucial to follow the teachings of Allah and His messengers completely. Misinterpretations of the teachings of the Prophet (PBUH) regarding the veil (face mask) should be corrected, as a face mask is a “shield” to protect against harmful bacteria, viruses, and dust mites, and it should be used by both men and women. Islam is not just a religious ritual; it is a guideline for public health and safety practices.

Clean dirty clothes properly and wear clean clothes to minimize the risk of virus transmission. Allah commands in verse 74:4, “And purify your garments (body and clothes).” A study has found that water is enough to remove the virus from 100% cotton fabric. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) advised using natural clay (soap) to remove traces of menstrual blood from clothes. Use only eco-friendly and natural products connected to conservation actions that benefit and involve local communities living with wildlife.

Eating harmful and unlawful food and wearing toxic materials may invite Satan, affecting the acceptance of prayers. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) emphasized that Allah accepts only that which is good. When actions contradict verbal prayers, it indicates hypocrisy. To invite angels and avoid inviting Satan, one must eat clean and healthy (lawful) foods, wear clean and protective clothing with good materials (lawful clothing), and perform personal hygiene (wudu).

It is related by Ali bin al-Husain Zainul Abedin that the Apostle of God said: “It is also part of the beauty and perfection of Faith that one abandons what is not necessary and useful to him.” Prophet Muhammad avoided unnecessary wastes of money. “The Prophet (PBUH) said to Ali (RA): ‘Take this amount and buy a shirt for me.’ Ali (RA) says: ‘I went to the market and bought a shirt for twelve dirhams. The Prophet (PBUH) looked at it and said: ‘A cheaper shirt would suit me better. O Ali! Do you think the shopkeeper will take it back?’” To control disease, get rid of excess clothes and old items, and donate unwanted belongings to the poor to please Allah.

Cleaning is an important first step to ensure you are removing bacteria. Then sanitize to remove remaining bacteria from your kitchen and other germy surfaces. Saltwater can be used as a disinfectant. Besides, you can make natural lemon and salt dishwashing liquid or vegan clay soap bar at home. Today, many products with chemicals and animal-derived ingredients are labeled as “antibacterial,” including cosmetics, etc. These chemicals are not shown to control bacteria properly and increase the likelihood of bacteria’s resistance to these chemicals, potentially harming the environment. It is a clear deceptive trade practice. Buyers need to change their consumption habits to reduce the environmental impact. Fragrances, made with thousands of chemicals, some linked to cancer, reproductive toxicity, and allergies. Dyes or artificial colors, primarily made from coal tar, arsenic, and lead, have been linked to skin tumors, neurological damage, organ system toxicity, and other problems. Read the label to avoid products containing harmful fragrance, perfume, aroma, or cologne, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), SELS, parabens, formaldehyde, quaternium-15, BHA, BHT, DMDM hydantoin, phthalates, DEP, DBP, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), synthetic colors like Blue #1, Yellow #6, etc. Otherwise, on the day of judgment, people will be asked how they spend their money and how they damage the creations of Allah (environment and health).

The physiological needs of a family for food, water, clothing, shelter, and sleep need to be satisfied to improve physical health, mental health, and relationships. The homes you think belong to you are varied landscapes in which billions of microbial roommates live. Prophet Muhammad [Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him] said: “If there were [such things as] bad omens (bad luck that causes sickness) in anything, they would be in (dirty) houses, spouses (with poor hygiene and unhealthy habits), and horses (where diseases causing microbes sit).” [al-Bukhari, al-Sahih, and Muslim, al-Sahih] Aslam al-Adwi said, “Umar used to say on the minbar, ‘O people! Keep your homes tidy and make these jinn that enter your homes fear you before you fear them. The Muslims (harmless, submissive) among the Jinn will never appear to you. By Allah, we have not made peace with jinn since we fought with them.’” [Bukhari]

How do you protect your home? In order to reduce the growth of disease-causing microbes in our home, Prophet Muhammad taught us to give whatever we can in charity from our house (e.g., wealth, gold, belongings, clothes, food). Umm Bujayd reported: She said, “O Messenger of Allah, the poor come to my door, and I cannot find anything to give them.” The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, “If you can find nothing but a burnt trotter, hand it over to them.” (Sunan al-Tirmidhī). Excessive consumption and storing behavior of humans assist the growth of harmful microbes (Satan). Charity extinguishes the wrath of Allah and saves from an evil death. This act shades believers on Judgment Day because every soul might be judged based on his or her actions. Abdullah ibn Masud reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, “Let one of you protect his face from the Hellfire (the place of evil fiery jinn), even with half of a date in charity.” [Musnad Aḥmad]. Wealth and belongings could be enemies on the Day of Judgment. However, harmful (unlawful) wealth will not be accepted as charity. Do not give low-quality charity (e.g., unhealthy foods, brittle dates). Abu Huraira reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Whoever accumulates unlawful wealth and then gives it in charity, he will never be rewarded, and the burden of sin will be upon him.” (Sahih Ibn Hibban).

Moreover, the Prophet (PBUH) said: “Do not turn your houses into graves (by assisting the growth of death-causing microbes in your home). Verily, Shaytan does not enter the house where Surah Al-Baqarah (guidelines) is recited.” [Musnad Ahmad, Muslim, Tirmidhi] Surah Baqarah teaches us: “Be steadfast in prayer, practice regular charity, and bow down your heads with those who bow down (in worship)” [2:43]. Urinary tract infection-causing bacteria join you for lunch when you eat at your unclean desk or furniture. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) mentioned: “If a person mentions the Name of Allah upon entering his house or eating, Satan says, addressing his followers: ‘You will find nowhere to spend the night and no dinner.’ But if he enters without mentioning the Name of Allah, Satan says [to his followers]: ‘You have found [a place] to spend the night in, and if he does not mention the Name of Allah at the time of eating, Satan says: ‘You have found [a place] to spend the night in as well as food.” (Muslim) Do you think securing your doors with locks or installing a security system with cameras will protect you? To protect your home, recite and follow the Quran regularly, and close your door by saying the powerful word “Bismillah.” Because Iblis and his follower stubborn Jinn have limited power over the believers who follow the teachings of Allah and His messengers.

How do you protect your loved one? The best way to protect yourself and your family from infectious organisms is to avoid close contact with someone with unclean and unhealthy lifestyles. A family member can be infected when aerosols or droplets containing the virus are inhaled or come directly into contact with the eyes, nose, or mouth. To protect your health and the health of family members, one should not invite anyone who can spread diseases due to ignorance or recklessness.

The Quran mentions how to practice physical distancing with unwanted guests at home: “O you who believe, do not enter the houses of the Prophet unless you are permitted for a meal, not (so early as) to wait for its preparation. But when you are invited, go inside. Then, once you have had the meal, just disperse, and (do) not (sit for long) being keen for a chat…And when you ask anything from them (the blessed wives of the Prophet), ask them from behind a curtain (door, barrier, physical distancing). That is better for the purity of your hearts and their hearts…” (Al-Ahzab, 53). Also, spouses have the right to prevent visiting any sick person or any place that might cause diseases. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said in his Farewell Sermon: “Fear Allah concerning women! Verily, you have taken them on the security of Allah, and intercourse with them has been made lawful unto you by words of Allah. You too have rights over them (wives), and they should not allow anyone to sit on your bed [i.e., not let them into the house who will spread diseases] whom you do not like. But if they do that, you can discipline them but not severely. Their rights upon you are that you should provide them with (good and healthy) food and (protective) clothing in a fitting manner” [Narrated by Muslim, 1218].

Is it safe to invite guests or friends (with suspected or confirmed infectious diseases) over for gatherings or celebrating a party at home? Surah An-Nisa (4: 34) mentions: “As to those women on whose part ye fear disloyalty and ill-conduct (poor hygiene, visiting, or inviting people who can transmit diseases), admonish them (first), (next) refuse to share beds (physical distancing), beat them (lightly or verbally to discipline them); but if they return to obedience, seek not against them means (of annoyance): For God is Most High, Great (above you all).” “And they (women) have rights (over their husbands as regards good food, good clothing, shelter, financial expenses) similar (to those of their husbands) over them (as regards safe food preparation, safe food handling, safe cooking, protect children, spouse, and properties from disease-causing microbes, etc.) to what is reasonable, but men have a degree (of responsibility) over them.” [Quran 2:228]. Wear a protective cap or headcover when you work in the kitchen, in part for cleanliness, to keep hair out of food. When you come back home from work or outside, leave your dirty clothes, cap, and shoes in a bag before touching your loved one or any surfaces. Then wash your hands, face, and exposed body parts with water to reduce the risk of exposure of your family members.

Taking responsibility for your actions is a vital part of healthy relationships. Everyone has a responsibility to nurture, care for, and protect themselves and their family members’ health from harmful microbes. In order to keep yourself and your family healthy, fighting evil microbes in your home is a continuous battle. Generally, women love to shop and store beautiful stuff. Don’t store unnecessary items. If you store more unnecessary stuff and do not clean regularly, you assist in the growth, survival, and reproduction of the enemy of mankind. Narrated Imran bin Husain: The Prophet said, “I looked at Paradise and found poor people forming the majority of its inhabitants (who did not have unnecessary stuff), and I looked at hell and saw that the majority of its inhabitants were women.” [Sahih Bukhari]

Narrated Abu Said Al-Khudri on Eid ul Fitr or Eid ul Adha, Allah’s Apostle (PBUH) went out to the Musalla. After finishing the prayer, he delivered the sermon and ordered the people to give alms. He said, “O people! Give alms.” Then he went towards the women and said. “O women! Give charity, for I have seen that the majority of the dwellers of hell-Fire were you (women).” The women asked, “O Allah’s Apostle! What is the reason for it?” He replied, “O women! You curse frequently and are ungrateful to your husbands (because living with less makes you unhappy). I have not seen anyone more deficient in intelligence and religion than you. O women, some of you can lead a cautious wise man astray.” Then he left. And when he reached his house, Zainab, the wife of Ibn Masud, came and asked permission to enter. It was said, “O Allah’s Apostle! It is Zainab.” He asked, ‘Which Zainab?” The reply was that she was the wife of Ibn Masub. He said, “Yes, allow her to enter.” And she was admitted. Then she said, “O Prophet of Allah! Today you ordered people to give alms and I had an ornament and intended to give it as charity, but Ibn Masud said that he and his children deserved it more than anybody else.” The Prophet replied, “Ibn Masud had spoken the truth. Your husband and your children had more right to it than anybody else.” [Sahih Bukhari] Get rid of too many material possessions to get rid of germs and protect your spouse and children’s health. Thoughtless and reckless people who have a lack of attention to the right of others might not be qualified candidates for heaven due to their irresponsibility. The Quran teaches us: “The believers fight for God’s cause, while those who reject faith fight for an unjust cause. Fight the allies of Satan (who assist them in growing and surviving): Satan’s strategies are truly weak.” (Surah Nisa, 76) “Indeed, We have made the devils allies to those who do not believe (the day of Judgment is when we will be held accountable for our deeds and when we will be questioned by our Lord Allah).” [7:27]

Research suggests that materialistic people are less satisfied with life and suffer higher levels of anxiety, ingratitude, and depression than others. Researchers have found that a grateful heart leads to a healthy heart and gut. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) promotes a minimalist lifestyle in which you reduce your possessions to the least possible. Living a less materialistic lifestyle doesn’t mean becoming a monk. Living with the bare necessities has provided benefits such as the simple ease of cleaning and the pleasure of a clean room. In order to please Allah, you do everything you can to keep your family healthy, but fighting germs in your own home is a never-ending battle. Donating can lower the number of germs and reduce the risk of spreading infection. “The charity of those who expend their wealth in the Way of Allah may be likened to a grain of corn, which produces seven ears and each ear yields a hundred grains. Likewise, Allah develops manifold the charity of anyone He pleases, for He is All-Embracing, All-Wise.” (Surah Baqarah, 261) “Verily those who give alms–be they men or women — and give Allah a beautiful loan shall be repaid after increasing it many times; and theirs shall be a generous reward. (Al Hadid, 18) People who donate their unnecessary belongings are fighters. They alter the environment to make it hostile for pathogens.

Fifteen hundred years ago, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) introduced the concept of a non-violent ecologically healthy city (Medina). Narrated Anas: The Prophet said, “Medina is a sanctuary from that place to that. Its trees should not be cut, and no heresy should be innovated nor any sin should be committed in it, and whoever innovates in its heresy or commits sins (bad deeds), then he will incur the curse of Allah, the angels, and all the people”. Less waste was an important factor in Prophet’s eco-friendly community.

Many building materials may contain chemicals that can lead to health impacts. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “The Earth (natural antibacterial element) is a mosque (the gathering place of righteous people), and everything in it is sacred (clean).” Clay is an environmentally friendly building material and is a good choice for green buildings and water conservation. A hadith mentions that a child spoke in the cradle during the time of Jurayj, who proved the innocence of Jurayj. After hearing this, the people said, ‘We shall rebuild your hermitage of gold,’ but he wisely said, ‘No, of nothing but mud (earthen building).” It is reported that the roof of the original Masjid an-Nabawi (the former house of a wife of Prophet Muhammad), which was supported by palm trunks, was made of beaten clay and palm leaves.

Prophet Suleiman (PBUH) used to command stubborn Jinn to build structures like arches, basins, and large cooking pots. Some bacteria are useful for making building materials. Building materials made with bacteria would help sequester excess carbon dioxide gas from the environment. We took one living brick, split it in half, and grew two full bricks from the halves. The two full bricks grew into four, and four grew into eight. Today, certain glasses with antimicrobial properties such as stained glass and borate bioactive glass are used to inhibit bacterial growth. The Quran indicates that wise Prophet Sulaimon (PBUH) used the Jinn to build a palace with floors made of certain glass, underneath which rivers flowed that might keep the structure cool. In the Quran, the description of the palace of Prophet Sulaimon (PBUH) was: “Indeed, it is a palace [whose floor is] made smooth with glass.” But today, tall towers with mirror-like glass facades or glass skyscrapers are blocking sunlight and heating up roads. The misuse of advanced knowledge and technologies has adverse effects on people’s health and the environment.

Humans have long utilized wood for various purposes such as building materials, furniture, fuel, and paper. However, the excessive cutting of trees (deforestation) and irresponsible activities have led to unprecedented extinctions of animals and plants, ocean acidification, ozone layer depletion, pollution, and the endangerment of animal and plant life on Earth, contributing to global warming. Allah has entrusted the children of Adam with the authority to protect their bodies, families, communities, wealth, resources, environment, earth, seas, and skies from invisible evil forces. Yet, irresponsible actions by mankind are leading to the destruction of these blessings and inviting punishment (in the form of diseases and disasters) for their evil deeds. As the Earth warms, harmful bacteria will produce more CO2, which can lead to a deadly climate change feedback loop. The rise in emerging invaders further threatens native species of fish, birds, and plants on the planet. The Quran serves as a reminder to irresponsible mankind: “This is the reward for what your hands have done. And Allah is never unjust to His creation” (22:10). However, there is a simple way to make a difference, and that is through tree planting. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) promoted tree planting as a means to fulfill the rights of nature (the environment) and the rights of animals: “There is none amongst the Muslims who plants a tree or sows seeds, and then a bird, person, or animal eats from it, but it is regarded as a charitable gift for him” (Bukhari).

We can also reduce our environmental impact in some ways, such as using energy more efficiently, fully turning off equipment like laptops and televisions when we’re not using them, choosing energy-efficient appliances and light bulbs, saving water, using rechargeable batteries, keeping lids on pans when cooking to conserve energy, avoiding purchasing ‘disposable’ items, and traveling less. The Quran promotes traveling for acquiring knowledge. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) did not travel unnecessarily. During the time of the prophet (PBUH), horses, camels, and donkeys were living vehicles. But the transportation choice of “modern” people contributes to emissions of air toxics and global warming that might cause serious health and environmental effects.

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) did not choose to live like a king. He lived a zero-waste lifestyle, meaning he strived to use as few things as possible. The Quran mentions: “[Say, O Muhammad, to mankind]: If ye love Allah, follow me; Allah will love you and forgive you your sins. Allah is Forgiving, Merciful]” (3:31). “And [they are] those who, when they spend, do so not excessively or sparingly but are ever, between that, [justly] moderate” (25:67). Hoarding and excessive storage and consumption behavior of disbelievers and hypocrites assist the growth of microorganisms, contaminate water sources, and contribute to diseases and disasters.

Landfills are a major source of pollution. Many people don’t comprehend how much uneaten food they throw away daily, from leftovers to spoiled produce. In order to reduce wasted food, the Prophet (PBUH) taught us to share food and feed others. The Quran and hadith promote “Reduce, Reuse, Repair or Donate” strategies to manage waste and help reduce our impact on the environment and protect biodiversity. For example, a hadith mentions the Prophet (PBUH) disliked a carpet. A carpet is a breeding ground for dust mites and bacteria, which can lead to health problems. The Prophet’s wife Ayesha (RA) cut that carpet and made a pillow out of it. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) never spent excessively. He would sew or mend his clothing and repair his shoes.

The Quran and Hadith teach us some strategies to make our city or community more environmentally sustainable: 1) Encouraging healthy diets, 2) Don’t waste, 3) Reuse the materials you can before you recycle them, 4) Fix stuff before buying new, and 5) Reduce and manage food waste by donating. What actions would I take to reduce the threats to health from infectious diseases, illnesses, and disasters at home and in the environment? Like the Prophet (PBUH), We need to introduce a zero-waste lifestyle to reduce the threats to health from infection and illnesses. Buy what you need and eat what you buy. Change the “throwaway” lifestyle that wastes resources. Jabir may Allah be pleased with him said: I heard the Prophet, sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, saying, “The devil is present with each of you in everything he does; he is present when you are eating; so if any one of you drops food he should remove any dirt on it (clean it) and eat it and not leave it for the devil; and when he finishes eating he should lick his fingers, for he does not know in which portion of his food the blessing lies.” [Muslim] Reducing waste means less environmental impact, fewer resources, and saving energy. Donate your unwanted items. The Quran mentions: “Give to close relatives their due, as well as the poor and needy travelers. And do not spend wastefully. Surely the wasteful are like brothers to the devils (who assist the growth of harmful microbes for their boundless desires). And the devil is ever ungrateful to his Lord (who is never satisfied with what they have and damages Allah’s blessings or resources)” [Al-Isra, 26]. Our Prophet (peace be upon him) says “Remember frequently death, the thing that cuts off pleasures.” (At-Tirmidhi) The more we can accept our limited time on Earth, the more we can focus on changing our undesirable lifestyles, increasing our good deeds, and the less we focus on excessive consumption habits in this world that damage our health, others, and the environment.

A Good Hygiene and Healthy Habits for Disease Prevention and Control:

Prevention is always better than cure. Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) was asked: “One person asked the Prophet (PBUH): Should I leave my camel and then trust (that Allah will protect my camel)?” The Prophet (PBUH) responded: First, tie your camel and then trust Allah. Taking action while relying on Allah is important for success. Precautions and prevention practices First, we need to follow precautions and prevention practices that can reduce our chances of getting infected or spreading diseases. The Prophet (PBUH) said: “Cleanliness is half of faith” (Sahih Muslim). Good personal hygiene is one of the most effective ways to lack exposure to bacteria, viruses, and allergens, and protect ourselves and others from many illnesses. Allah Most High informs us in the Quran, “O you who have believed, when you rise to [perform] prayer, wash your faces and your forearms to the elbows and wipe over your heads and wash your feet to the ankles. And if you are in a state of janabah, then purify yourselves. But if you are ill or on a journey or one of you comes from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted women and do not find water, then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and hands with it. Allah does not intend to make difficulty for you, but He intends to purify you and complete His favor upon you that you may be grateful” (5: 6). In this verse, “seek clean earth” (natural hand sanitizer) indicates to us the use of soap bars and cleaning products formulated with purifying mud or clay for skin and body care purposes.

Proper hand washing (ablution) can protect you from invisible germs and the fires of hell! “…And Allah loves those who purify themselves” (Quran 9:108). Abu Malik at-Ashari reported: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: “Cleanliness is half of faith and al-Hamdu Liliah (Praise be to Allah) fills the scale, and Subhan Allah (Glory be to Allah) and al-Hamdu Liliah (Praise be to Allah) fill up what is between the heavens and the earth, and prayer is light, and charity is proof (of one’s faith) and endurance is brightness, and the Quran (guidelines) is a proof on your behalf or against you. All men go out early in the morning and sell themselves, thereby setting themselves free or destroying themselves (by catching diseases).” Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) informed us that only clean people will enter paradise.

Clean yourself to connect with your Holy God! Unhealthy habits, poor sanitation, and poor hygiene are linked to the transmission of diseases such as cholera, diarrhea, body lice, infections, gastroenteritis, etc. To minimize your risk of diseases and infection, follow these prophetic habits:

1. Perform frequent wudu (ablution: handwashing and cleansing parts of the routes by which evil microbes enter the body): Many hygiene-related diseases and conditions can be prevented or controlled through personal hygiene “wudu” and by frequently washing parts of the body with clay soap or clean, running water.
2. Always wash your hands before eating, after eating, and after using the bathroom. Do not prepare food or touch anyone with unclean hands.
3. Brush and floss your teeth regularly: Narrated Amir bin Rabia, “I saw the Prophet cleaning his teeth with Siwak (clean his teeth) while he was fasting so many times as I can’t count.” And narrated Abu Huraira, “The Prophet said, ‘But for my fear that it would be hard for my followers, I would have ordered them to clean their teeth with Siwak (clean their teeth) on every performance of ablution.”
4. Trim your nails: According to one narration, Abu Wasil said, “I went to meet Abu Ayyub (RA).” During the Musaffah, he saw my nails grow big and said, “The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, ‘Some of you ask for the news of the sky, whereas the nails of his hands are like the nails of a bird so that the dirt accumulates (where germs love to hide)!’ [Musnad Ahmad] The Messenger of Allah (May Allah bless him and grant him peace) has said that ‘He who cuts his nails on Friday, will be in Allah’s (The Exalted) protection (from evil organisms, Satan) for the following week. He who cuts his nails on a Saturday will be spared from illness, and he who cuts his nails on Sunday will have poverty taken away from him. If someone is mentally unstable then by cutting his nails on Monday, this illness will be cured. He who cuts his nails on a Tuesday will also be protected from illness.” This hadith indicates nail infection that results from microorganisms is linked to mental illnesses. Poor nail health is also associated with various adverse health outcomes and poverty is a consequence of poor health.
5. Shave your mustache.
6. Remove public hair: How often should you shave your armpits and public hair to reduce your risk of infection? Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) set us a time limit of no more than forty days for trimming the mustache, clipping the nails, plucking of armpit hairs, and shaving the pubic hair” (Sahih Bukhari & Sahih Muslim).
7. Bury your blood, hair, and nails after cupping and cutting them.
8. Bathe regularly.
9. Sleep on clean bedding and sheets: Clean your bed before sleeping. “When any one of you goes to bed, he should take hold of the hem of his lower garment and then should clean (his bed) with the help of that and then should recite the name of Allah.” According to research by the National Sleep Foundation (NSF), “Individuals who wash their bedding and sheets regularly reported better rest at night than those who neglected the hygiene of their bedding.”
10. Clean your clothes.
11. Wear protective clothing.
12. Clean your home and environment.
13. Clean up your neighborhood.
14. Wear masks or face coverings when you are outside to protect yourself from airborne infection.
15. Wear protective head-covering to protect your hair and scalp from infection and diseases.
16. Eat clean and healthy food.
17. Eat an early breakfast (Sehri) and dinner (iftar): The teaching of the Prophet (PBUH) is: Eat an early dinner (iftar) and digest your food with light physical activities (Esha prayer).
18. Do fasting.
19. Engage in regular physical activity and prayer.
20. Donate your unnecessary belongings.

You can adopt some healthy habits into your life for health and well-being. For example, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, “One should not sleep before the night prayer, nor have discussions after it (go to sleep after the night prayer).” He recommended going to bed earlier at night (after Esha or prayer) and waking up early each day. Light and sunsets might affect circadian rhythms. Our eyes convey sunrise and sunset information to the circadian timing system in the brain and body. The Prophet said: “When night falls, stop your (vulnerable) children from going out, for the devils (viruses and harmful bacteria) spread out at that time. But when an hour of the night has passed, release them and close the doors and mention Allah’s Name, … and extinguish your lamps (sleep).” Taking a nap in a dark room helps enhance your health and mental focus. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, “Take a short nap, for Devils do not take naps” [Sahih Al-jamie, Al-albani]

Some sleep positions are encouraged based on the recommendations of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). He said, “Whenever you go to bed, perform ablution like that for the prayer, and lie on your right side.” Your lying may change your heart’s electrical activity. The Prophet (PBUH) discouraged “lying on the stomach” sleeping position and said: “Allah and his Prophet dislike this position” [Sunan Al-Tirmdhi]. Researchers found that infants who sleep in the prone position have an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome.

Cleaning the hair with water removes dirt and debris. The microbial balance on our heads might determine whether we have dandruff or not. Individuals with dandruff might have a higher number of Staphylococcus than those who haven’t. Combing promotes blood circulation in the scalp and helps reduce hair loss. The Prophet (PBUH) used to comb his hair and care for his skin. He said: “You have olive oil. consume it and apply it on the body (skin). indeed, it is from a blessed tree” (Tirmidhi). Following a good skincare routine has many benefits such as it can slow down the signs of aging, keep the skin healthy, and improve your mental health.

Clean your hair, cover your hair, and tie up your long hair. Some companions (e.g., Abd-Allah ibn al-Haarith) of the Prophet (PBUH) used to tie up their long hairs at the back of their heads during his prayers. Otherwise, your untidy hair can carry and spread more germs during the prostration (sajdah). Muslim men used to shave their hair while they went on a pilgrimage to the sacred house “Kabba”. But shaving hair frequently is not a solution to getting rid of bacteria because you can develop folliculitis inflammation and infection from frequent hair shaving.

The scalp can become infected if fungus or bacteria enter the scalp through damaged skin. Allah says: “O you who have believed, enter into Islam (the right lifestyle or deen) completely (and perfectly) and do not follow the footsteps of Satan. Indeed, he is to you a clear enemy (who will destroy and mislead you).” [2:208] “And whoever is careful of (his duty to) Allah, He will make easy for him his affair” [65:4] There is no way to escape evil microorganisms, We cannot destroy all our invisible enemies, So prevention and the help of Allah are our hope.

Your gait, walking style, and walking speed can reveal your health. Researchers found that walking styles can reflect physical, physiological, neurological, and even psychological problems. Abu Huraira (RA) reports: “I did not see anyone more handsome than Rasulullah (PBUH). It was as if the brightness of the sun had shone from his blessed face. I did not see anyone walk faster than him, as if the earth folded for him. A few moments ago, he would be here, and then there. We found it difficult to keep pace when we walked with him, and he walked at his normal pace.” When ‘Ali (RA) described Rasulullah (PBUH), he used to say: ‘when he walked, because of the speed and force of the legs, it seemed as if he was descending from a high place’.” Hassan (RA) describes how: “When he walked, he lifted his legs with vigor, leaned slightly forward, and placed his feet softly on the ground. He walked at a quick pace and took a rather long step. he did not take small steps. When he walked it seemed as if he was descending to a lower place. When he looked at something, he turned his whole body towards it. He always looked down. His blessed glance was focused more on the ground than towards the sky. His noble habit was to look at something with a slight glance. He made salaam (greeted) first to whomever he met.”

Every move you make and every step you take can impact your environment. Abu Huraira reported that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) said that there was a person who used to walk with pride because of his thick hair and fine mantles. His long mantles might carry harmful microbes. He was made to sink in the earth, and he would go on sinking in the earth until the Last Hour would come. This hadith indicates that particle sinking speed is related to the bacterial swimming speed and his walking style. But Allah knows the best about the truth.

What public health measures to reduce the spread of infectious and pathogenic organisms are recommended by Prophet Muhammad?

Allah created light and darkness. He creates diseases and healing. Similarly, Allah created pathogens and sent teachers (Prophets) to show the way of life to protect themselves from pathogens. The Prophet (PBUH) said, ‘My example and the example of what I have been sent with is that of a man who came to some people and said, ‘O people! I have seen the enemy’s army with my own eyes, and I am the naked warner; so, protect yourselves!’ Then a group of his people obeyed him and fled at night proceeding stealthily till they were safe, while another group of them disbelieved him and stayed at their places till morning when the army came upon them and killed and ruined them completely. So, this is the example of that person who obeys me and follows what I have brought (the guidance), and the example of the one who disobeys me and disbelieves the truth I have brought.’ [Sahih Bukhari]

As mentioned earlier, poor hygiene, unhealthy eating habits, and an unhealthy reckless lifestyle increase the risk of infections. Hadith indicates that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) teaches some practices that can help avoid exposure to harmful microorganisms and reduce the spread of these harmful microbes, and he spread awareness of methods of disease control such as building personal good hygiene habits, facial hygiene, hair hygiene, oral and teeth hygiene, shower hygiene, toilet hygiene, nail hygiene, sexual hygiene, sickness hygiene, clothes hygiene, kitchen hygiene, food hygiene, and environmental hygiene practices. He taught his community to how to guard the routes of transmission of microorganisms. Also, the Prophet (PBUH) advised avoiding crowds and practicing social distancing from Mushriks (unclean people), disbelievers, and those who follow the unclean lifestyle and practice unhealthy rituals (possible contagious and infected people).

Hadith identifies some factors that contribute to the emergence and re-emergence of diseases and problems. The Prophet (PBUH) said: ‘O Muhajirun, there are five things with which you will be tested, and I seek refuge with Allah (SWT) lest you live to see them:

1) Immorality never appears among people to such an extent that they commit it openly, except that plagues and diseases that were never known among their predecessors will spread among them.

2) They do not cheat in weights and measures (fair balance), except that they will be stricken with famine, severe calamity, and the oppression of their rulers.

3) They do not withhold the Zakat (charity) of their wealth, except that rain will be withheld from the sky, and were it not for the animals, no rain would fall on them (imbalance in ecosystem).

4) They do not break their covenant with Allah and His Messenger, except that Allah will enable their enemies (Satan) to overpower them and take some of what is in their hands.

5) Unless their leaders rule according to the Book of Allah and seek all good from that which Allah has revealed, Allah will cause them to fight one another.

Infectious Disease-Related Restrictions and Laws:

As a leader and legal authority of Madinah, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) enforced the laws and regulations to prevent the introduction, transmission, or spread of communicable diseases such as risky sexual behavior that is associated with sexual transmission diseases. The Quran mentions: ‘Indeed, those who like that immorality should be spread and publicized among those who believe, there will be for them a painful punishment in this world and the hereafter.’ (24:19)

He provided restrictions to avoid diseases such as nightly curfew and travel restrictions. He said: ‘When night falls, stop your (vulnerable) children from going out, for the devils spread out at that time. But when an hour of the night has passed, release them and close the doors and mention Allah’s Name, for Satan does not open a closed door.’ Another hadith mentions the restrictions on the entry of countries and territories of unclean people (who do not maintain public health safety in order to avoid the risk of catching and spreading infectious diseases): ‘No one should travel for the purpose of visiting (any gathering) except three (places of clean believers): al-Masjid al-Haraam (in Makkah), this mosque of mine (in Madinah), and al-Masjid al-Aqsa (in al-Quds/Jerusalem).’ Infectious diseases can rapidly spread across boundaries and communities.

‘Mosque’ is not a religious building; rather, ‘Mosque’ means the gathering of united souls of believers (clean people with righteous lifestyles) for collective prayer for seeking refuge in Allah from the punishment (diseases, disasters, the final hour which are caused by evil). The Quran mentions: ‘In it [mosque, gathering of believers] are men who love to clean and to purify themselves. And Allah loves those who make themselves clean and pure’ (9:108). Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: ‘The difference between a believer and a disbeliever is prayer.’ The prayers or rituals of unclean people, Mushriks, or disbelievers do not require purification like wudu or wearing clean and protective dresses before prayer, pray in a clean place. 1500 years ago, disbelievers who do not believe in unseen enemies (Satan) refused to pray collectively to the true God and seek help and protection for themselves and their families. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, ‘If anyone builds a mosque (gathering of united believing souls) for God, God will build a house for him in paradise.’ [Bukhari and Muslim]. The Quran mentions: ‘None should build the mosques of Allah except those who believe in Allah and the later day (to have the soul return back to Allah) and keep up the prayer, pay Alms, and fear none but Allah (about accountability). So, as for these, it may be that they are those who have attained to Guidance.’ [Surah Tawbah 18] ‘(The guided people with right habits and lifestyles) in the houses that Allah has permitted to be raised, and where His name is recounted and His purity (cleanness) is pronounced, in the morning and the evening.’ [24:36] Today many people misunderstand religion and decorate their religious buildings with gold, but their hearts are not united and clean. Unroofed green lands can be a better gathering when the hearts of the children of Adam will be united and guided under the same umbrella. All nations should work together to fight against their natural enemies (evil microbes) and protect planet Earth!

Social distancing strategies can be applied on an individual level (e.g., avoiding physical contact) or a group level. The mosque is not a gathering place for unclean reckless people with poor hygiene and unhealthy lifestyles who spread diseases. Al-Bukhari and Muslim narrated from Jabir ibn Abd-Allah that the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: ‘Whoever eats garlic or onions (foods that lead to an imbalanced gut, might spread germs through farting, and harm angels with bad odor), let him keep away from us (clean believers), or keep away from our mosque (the gathering place of believers) and stay in his house (and maintain physical distancing).’

The Quran asks people with clean and healthy habits: ‘Can those who know and those who do not know (how to protect their health from diseases) become equal? It is only the people of understanding who are receptive to advice.’ [Surah Zumar, 9] Hadith indicates that issuing social and physical distancing practices is important to protect believers. Isolation methods can be used to separate unclean people (Mushrik and Najas possibly infected people with infectious diseases) from those who are not infected. In the ruling period of the Prophet (PBUH), ignorant Mushriks cannot visit mosques (the gathering of believers with clean lifestyles to reduce the risk of spreading infectious diseases). The Quran teaches how to practice social distancing: ‘Truly the Mushriks (polytheists, pagans, and people who are ignorant about disease control and prevention) are Najas (unclean, etc.); so, let them not after this year of theirs approach the Sacred Mosque (clean gathering) …’ [Surah Taubah, 28].

Spreading diseases intentionally or recklessly is a sin or crime. Anas b. Malik reported: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: ‘Spitting in a mosque (clean gathering) is a sin, and its expiation is that it should be buried.’ A hadith from the Prophet Muhammad instructs his people: ‘Whomever among you sees a wrong (activities by which diseases are spread), let him change it with his hand. If he is not able, then with his tongue. If he is not able, then with his heart.’ Narrated Anas: Allah’s Apostle said, ‘Help your brother (who has reckless behavior), whether he is an oppressor (spreader) or he is an oppressed one (who suffers from disease due to the negligence of others). People asked, ‘O Allah’s Apostle! It is all right to help him if he is oppressed, but how should we help him if he is an oppressor?’ The Prophet said, ‘By preventing him from oppressing others (and spreading infectious diseases).’ This is how we can apply hadith in order to disease control and prevention. Today a person with reckless behavior who spreads an infectious disease, such as SARS or COVID-19, could face criminal charges. The communicable disease law is a law for a crime to expose another person to a contagious disease on purpose. The Quran mentions: ‘When the forbidden months are over, wherever you find the polytheists (unclean superspreaders), kill (punish) them, seize (arrest for correction) them, capture them, attack them (for spreading diseases if necessary to improve healthcare and conditions of the community)’ [9: 5].

Having immoral sexual relations increases the chance of contracting this deadly disease. As a legal authority, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) held those accountable who put others at risk (of spreading of infectious diseases) through unlawful sexual immoralities. When an unmarried male committed adultery with an unmarried female, both of them were punished with one hundred lashes and banishment for one year for correction. But if they repent for their sin (premarital sexual offense) and modify their behaviors, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as a legal authority of Medina can pardon them. If a person has a spouse but commits adultery, he or she will face capital punishment. Punishment for spreading diseases recklessly serves several important purposes, including deterrence, protection of public health, justice, and more. Many animals have evolved intelligent ways to protect themselves from catching illnesses. For example, it is narrated by Amr bin Maimun: ‘During the pre-Islamic period of ignorance, I saw a she-monkey surrounded by a number of monkeys. They were all stoning it (to avoid spreading sexually transmitted diseases), because it had committed illegal sexual intercourse. I too stoned it along with them.’ (Sahih al-Bukhari)

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) encouraged marriage to believers. He said: ‘Marriage is half of deen (which reduces the risk of spreading diseases). The Quran mentions ‘Today, all good food is made lawful for you. The food of the people of the scripture is lawful for you. Also, you may marry the chaste women among the believers, as well as the chaste women among the followers of the previous scripture, provided you pay them their due dowries. You shall maintain chastity, not committing adultery, nor taking secret (premarital) lovers. Anyone who rejects faith, all his work will be in vain, and in the Hereafter, he will be with the losers.’ (5:5) In order to prevent getting or transmitting diseases (e.g., HIV) through sex, it is better to marry those who are clean and healthy. ‘The fornicator does not marry except a [female] fornicator or polytheist, and none marries her except a fornicator or a polytheist, and that has been made unlawful to the believers.’ [24:3] ‘Do not marry idolatresses (people with poor hygiene and unhealthy habits) unless they believe; a believing woman is better than an idolatress, even if you like her. Nor shall you give your daughters in marriage to idolatrous men (people with poor hygiene and unhealthy habits) unless they believe. A believing man is better than an idolater, even if you like him. These invite to Hell, while God invites to Paradise and forgiveness, as He wills. He clarifies His revelations for the people, that they may take heed.’ [2:221]

How to Spot Superspreaders:

Fifteen hundred years ago, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) provided guidelines to save lives and protect people from health, safety, and security threats. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) commanded his followers: “Cut the mustaches short and leave the beard.” This practice assisted in identifying and practicing social distancing from the possible infected and unclean people to avoid coughs and sneezes, reducing the risk of catching the airborne infectious virus.

How to Recognize Superspreader Events:

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) guided his companions to recognize the possible gatherings of superspreader:

• Venue: Social gatherings, markets, festivals, parties, restaurants, and funerals. Abu Huraira (RA) reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “The most beloved of places to Allah are the mosques, and the most hated places to Allah are the markets.” (Sahih Muslim)
• Vocalization: Lots of talking or singing, which can aerosolize the virus. “Shall I not tell you about the best of you?” They said, “Of course.” The Prophet said, “Those who, if they are seen, they remind you of Allah (gatherings of believers). Shall I not tell you about the worst of you?” They said, “Of course.” The Prophet said, “Those who carry gossip and ruin relations between loved ones, seeking misery for the innocent.” (al-Adab al-Mufrad)

Infectious Disease-Related Advice for The Public:

The teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) describe the goals and strategies for community mitigation to reduce disease transmission. As a ruler of Medina, the Prophet (PBUH) reinforced precautions, prevention measures, and the practice of keeping oneself or one’s surroundings clean. This includes physical distancing, keeping doors closed, covering our body in public gatherings and crowded places, cleaning our hands and exposed body parts (wudu), eating clean, healthy, and lawful foods, etc. He imposed this practice for both men and women who believe in unseen enemies (Satan and pathogens) for public safety reasons and precautions:

1. Donate good foods and belongings: Donating is a cleaning habit. The Prophet (PBUH) encouraged you to donate your belongings, gold, silver, and clothes that Allah bless you and do not store too many belongings. It is a good way to get rid of hidden germs in your home and on the surfaces of your stuff which can make you sick. “Those who, when Allah is mentioned, their hearts are fearful, and [to] the patient over what has afflicted them (e.g., diseases, disasters), and the establishers of prayer and those who spend from what We have provided (belongings and wealth to) them.” [Surah Hajj, 35]. Narrated by Musab bin Sad Abdullah son of Umar came to Ibn Amir in order to inquire after his health as he was ailing. He said ‘Ibn Umar, why don’t you pray to Allah for me?’ He said: ‘I heard of Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) say: Neither the prayer is accepted without purification nor is charity accepted out of the ill-gotten (wealth), and thou wert the (governor) of Basra.’ [Sahih Muslim] Jabir reported: A man among his people said, “O Messenger of Allah, what do you think if a man pays obligatory charity on his wealth?” The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Whoever pays alms on his wealth, his evil will depart from him.” (al-Mujam al-Awsaṭ)
2. Do not waste food: Food wasting causes health and environmental problems. If food goes to the landfill and harmful microbes rot the food, it produces methane gas. Jabir reported: I heard Allah’s Apostle (PBUH) as saying: “The Satan is present with any one of you in everything he does; he is present even when he eats food; so if any one of you drops a mouthful, he should remove away anything filthy on it (clean it) and eat it and not leave for the devil (those who may contaminate food and spread diseases); and when he finishes (food) he should lick his fingers (clean your plate properly), for he does not know in what portion of his food the blessing lies.” Food provides energy for harmful bacteria to grow. Share your healthy food with people who are in need, not with germs.
3. Cover your food: Did you see how our Creator covers many fruits and vegetables to protect from harmful bacteria such as mango, banana, orange, etc.? From this, Allah teaches us to cover our foods (as well as everything) to protect us from harmful microbes. The Prophet (PBUH) raised public awareness to prevent the spread of germs by saying: ‘[When night falls, the harmful microbes and pathogens spread out at that night time] cover your eating utensils, seals your water skins, close your doors, and turn off your lamps (sleep earlier). For Satan does not open the seal of your water skins, nor does he open doors nor does he uncover the eating utensils…” Pathogenic bacteria in foods are responsible for food-borne illnesses. Keeping food covered protects your food from harmful bacteria and objects or chemicals from getting into the food.
4. Cover your skin with protective clothing: To protect ourselves and our community from exposure to any pathogenic organisms, wear protective clothing. Sunlight is natural sanitization that destroys harmful bacteria and viruses. However, unprotected exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays can cause damage to the skin, eyes, and immune system. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) teaches us to both men and women who believe in the day of judgment not to wear exposed dress publicly. Exposed dresses attract immorality and immorality spreads many sexual diseases and crimes (rape, extramarital affairs, public sexual activities).
5. Wear face covering and head covering: Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), who was granted advanced knowledge, taught men and women to wear fully covered cloaks and head coverings to save themselves from too much heat exposure and harmful disease-causing microbes which make them more vulnerable. The veil in the time of the Prophet (PBUH) is not considered a “jail”; the veil is today’s face mask which was used as a “shield” from harmful bacteria and viruses and dust. How effective is a fighter without a shield in combat with invisible enemies? Wearing a head covering and face veils (face masks) are not only cultural practices. It is a public health and safety practice. Some people who aren’t wearing face coverings and rejecting the hygiene practice misunderstand how infectious organisms spread.
6. Clean your surroundings: “When one of you drops a mouthful, he should remove any filth from it and then eat it. He should not leave it for the devil.” This hadith teaches us if people leave leftover food, dirty dishes, or other places around, they are likely to spread disease around for their negligence and uncleanness. Prophet Muhammad (SAW) always supported his wives and helped them in household chores.
7. Completing each other in good deeds: Good deeds are those deeds that encourage each other to protect health and fight against harmful microbes (e.g., donating foods and belonging to reduce the growth of microbes in the cause of Allah, fasting to balance gut bacteria, giving water to others to fight against infection, cleaning your house to protect your family from diseases). The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “Verily, when a man gives his wife something to drink, he is rewarded.” Water is one of the most effective natural antibiotics. The Quran mentions: “For men and women who are devoted to God- believing men and women, obedient men and women, truthful men and women, steadfast men and women, humble men and women, charitable men and women, fasting men and women, and the men who guard their private parts and the women who guard (theirs), and the men who remember Allah much and the women who remember (the guidelines) — for them, Allah has prepared forgiveness and a great reward.” [Quran 33:35] These people are Wali (friends of Allah) who are donating wealth, fasting, avoiding unnecessary talk, guarding themselves and others against invisible Satan, assisting to reduce the growth of Satan, and fighting against Satan and their allies in the cause of Allah (to protect mankind, Allah’s creation, and planet Earth). On the other hand, evil deeds are those which assist the growth of harmful microbes (e.g., storing excessive belongings and gold, spreading harmful bacterial through backbiting and useless debate, etc.). Do not assist others to do evil deeds which may spread harmful microbes in the community and environment and cause diseases and disasters.

8. Neighborhood assistance: Aisha reported that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Verily, every human being among the children of Adam was created with three hundred and sixty joints (where angels sit). Whoever exalts Allah, praises Allah, declares Allah is one, glorifies Allah, removes a rock from the roads of people, or a thorn, or a bone from the roads of people, and enjoins good and forbids evil by the number of those joints, will walk on that day delivering himself from the Hellfire.” (Ṣaḥiḥ Muslim) This hadith indicates that he encouraged keeping the neighborhood (environment) clean and being physically active. Abu Dharr Al-Ghafari (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Removing harmful things from the road is an act of charity.” Cleaning can reduce the risk of spreading infection because food, bone, and dirt allow germs to survive and reproduce.

1. Clean the place of gathering of believers: Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) advised people to clean the gathering place of believers (mosque) and use scents.

10. Do not spread diseases with reckless behavior: Learn how to protect yourself and others from disease and prevent germs and infectious diseases from spreading. “A man will not enter Paradise if his neighbor is not secure from his evil (e.g., spreading infections recklessly).” [Musnad Aḥmad] Many sins have large effects on the microscopic scale (Mijan) that cannot be seen with the naked eye. Gossipers, backbiters, compulsive talkers, singers, and liars spread respiratory infections (virus particles) recklessly. Remember that Allah (SWT) can see micro-level factors and hear and everything, so guard yourself against evil speech and evil actions.

The Prophet (PBUH) said: “Whoever undertakes to guard his tongue and his private parts, I take for him the responsibility of Paradise.” “Whoever held his tongue attained salvation.” The Prophet said: “Beware of the three acts that cause you to be cursed (sick): relieving yourselves in shaded places (that people utilize), in a walkway or a watering place.” [Al-Albani] On the day of judgment, “Then, whoever did (even) an atom´s worth of good, shall see it, and whoever commits an atom´s worth of evil, shall see it.” [Quran 99:7–8]

Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) said: “There are three people that Allah will not speak to on the Day of Judgement, will not look at them, will not purify (clean) them; and for them is a painful punishment (sufferings): one who lets his garment hang below his ankles, the Mannan, and the Munafiq who does his business with false oaths (and sell harmful and disease-causing products with false item descriptions or advertisements).” [Muslim] Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) also said: “Whoever drags his garment (like royal mantle) out of arrogance, Allah will not look at him on the Day of Judgement.” (Muslim) Another hadith mentions: “Whatever is below the ankles (dress, pant, shoes) is in the fire (germs, Jinn).” (Al-Bukhari) Therefore, wearing a dress below the ankles carries germs and spreads diseases.

11. Maintaining physical distancing: When some of the ants are directly exposed to a pathogen, an entire ant colony develops resistance to a pathogen. Similarly, when some people spread diseases with their reckless behavior, the entire community of believers should follow the guidelines (Quran) to protect themselves and their community. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) taught believers how to avoid gathering unclean people by saying: Say, “O disbelievers (in the unseen world of microbes), I do not obey what (the whispers of Satan or forefathers’ unhealthy ritual) you obey. Nor are you followers of what I obey (worship)…For you is your faith (rituals, lifestyles), and for me is my faith (cleanness, healthy lifestyles).” “Let not believers take disbelievers as allies rather than believers. And whoever [of you] does that has nothing with Allah, except when taking precaution (distancing) against them in prudence. And Allah warns you of Himself, and to Allah is the [final] destination.” [Quran 3:28] It is a piece of public advice for social distancing.

“O you who have believed (in the unseen world of bacteria and viruses), do not take the Jews and the Christians (who call themselves believers in the hereafter and people of Book/ guidelines but do not follow the healthy habits and lifestyles of the Prophets) as allies (close contact). They are (in fact) allies of one another (in their habits such as enjoying mass gathering events, festivals, compulsive hoarding behavior, wasteful habits that hurt the planet). And whoever is an ally to them among you — then indeed, he is (one) of them. Indeed, Allah guides not the wrongdoing people (who do not follow the guidelines of Allah).” [Quran 5:51] This verse indicates that do not come close to those who call themselves Muslim, Jews, or Christian (believers in the Book/ guidelines of God), but they do not follow the guidelines properly to save themselves from fire. This practice of social distancing is an effective public health tool to reduce the spread of the disease.

12. Keeping ties with believers with clean and healthy habits: Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) encouraged the practices of social distancing (avoid close contact with unclean people, Mushriks, and disbelievers who might have infectious diseases). But he emphasized the importance to have good relations with neighbors who had faith in unseen and maintained healthy and clean lifestyles. He said: “Mix with the noble people, you become one of them; and keep away from evil people to protect yourself from their evils.” Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, “Every Muslim has five rights over another Muslim (i.e., he has to perform five duties for another Muslim): to return the greetings, to visit the sick (to treat them with the treatment according to the Quran), to accompany funeral processions (of believers), to accept an invitation, to respond to the sneezer (i.e., to say: may Allah bestow His Mercy on you,’ when the sneezer praises Allah.” [Al-Bukhari and Muslim].

13. Take steps to protect yourself and others: From preparing meals to doing laundry — practice cleaning and hygiene to keep harmful microbes out of your home and help protect your family. Wash hands and exposed body parts (wudu) frequently with natural hand sanitizer (clean clay) or water if you wish to come into close contact with healthy people (believers) during prayer in a mosque. Take a bath or shower (and clean yourself) on Friday before going out to attend the Friday prayer, which must be offered in the congregation.

14. Raising social awareness: Ignorance is dangerous when it comes to your health and well-being. “[(The Quran is) a Book that We have revealed to you, full of blessings (which is a guideline of how to prevent diseases), that they may ponder over its verses and that men of understanding may remember.” [Surah Saad: 29] Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) encouraged his followers to increase awareness of the importance of good hygiene practices, healthy eating habits, and the right lifestyle/deen (Islam), which is necessary to protect our health and planet and minimize the transmission of viral illnesses and diseases. Education can change the world. The prophet (PBUH) said: “The best of you is the one who learns the Quran (guidelines) and teaches it (how to prevent diseases and promote hygiene practices and healthy lifestyles).” [Recorded by al-Bukhari] Teach healthy habits to others to protect yourself from infectious diseases and prevent germs from spreading. The Prophet (PBUH) said, “By Allah, that Allah guides a man through you is better for you than a herd of expensive red camels” because a herd of camels might carry pathogens, but an unaware person might spread more infectious diseases than a herd of camels.

Managing the Confirmed Outbreak:

A pandemic happens when infection due to a bacterium or virus (carried by animals or organisms) becomes capable of spreading rapidly. When a person becomes disobedient to the commands of Allah (e.g., eats unclean, contaminated, and unhealthy food, follows bad hygiene), he or she oppresses himself or herself by not following what is good for him or her; therefore, the person suffers from illnesses. This is a personal calamity. The Prophet (PBUH) said, ‘Fever is from the heat of Hell (caused by Satan), so put it out (cool it) with water.’ But the nation becomes disobedient correctively to the commands of Allah (e.g., wearing unprotective clothing, spreading illegal sexual relationships, eating haram food), then a pandemic (and disease outbreaks) happens. To me, sin (crime) occurs when irresponsible people allow the entry of harmful microbes into their bodies or spread infectious organisms (Satan) neglectfully. The Quran mentions: “And whatever affliction (suffering, diseases) befalls you, it is on account of what your (germy) hands have wrought, and (yet) He pardons most (of your negligence and irresponsibility).” [42:30] “Would that the unjust people could perceive — when they see the torment (i.e. pandemic, distress, disaster) — that all power belongs to Allah alone, and that Allah is severe in punishment!” [2:165]

Allah seeks to modify the unhealthy behaviors and control the recklessness of the misguided children of Adam through small punishments and afflictions, so that they might recognize the consequences of their bad actions, repent, and begin following the commands of Allah for their own benefit, before greater punishment befalls them. For example, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, “ It (plague or pandemic) is a punishment sent by Allah on whom He wants to punish (for their irresponsibility)” [Sahih Al-Bukhari]. The Quran mentions: “Therefore, We sent upon them (disobedient nations) widespread death, and the locusts and the lice and the frog and the blood, clear signs; but they behaved haughtily and they were a guilty people.” [Al Araf, 133]. The pandemic reminds us through painful lessons, most troubling infectious agents are the culprits, but human irresponsible activities and reckless behaviors allow them to spread rapidly causing pandemics and sufferings. We should change our undesirable behavior and lifestyle and follow the guidelines properly to prevent their transmission. “Then, if you obey, Allah will grant you a good reward, but if you turn your backs, as you turned your backs before, He will punish you with a painful punishment.” (48:16)

“And (as for) those who have earned evil, the punishment of an evil is the like of it, and abasement shall come upon them — they shall have none to protect them from Allah — as if their faces had been covered with slices of the dense darkness of night; these are the inmates of the fire; in it, they shall abide” [Surah Yunus, 27]. The Quran mentions: “Do they not see that they are tried every year once or twice? Yet still, they do not repent, nor do they remember (the teachings and modify their lifestyles).” [9:126] “Would they not repent to GOD, and ask His forgiveness? GOD is Forgiver, Most Merciful.” (5:74) During the pandemic, some people may modify their behavior (e.g., practicing good hand hygiene, wearing face masks, practicing social distancing) for a short period, but if they do not continue to follow these beneficial practices when the pandemic ends, they could experience another pandemic crisis that threatens the health of every living being on Earth.

People quarantine when they might have been exposed to the virus and may or may not have been infected. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) recommended self-quarantine that helps prevent the spread of disease. He said: “If you hear of an outbreak of plague in a land, do not enter it; but if the plague breaks out in a place while you are in it, do not leave that place (to avoid spreading diseases).” Allah reminds believers: “And stay in your houses (in the time of ignorance when diseases spread) and do not display your (disease-causing) finery like the displaying of the ignorance of yore, and keep up prayer, and pay the poor-rate, and obey Allah and His Apostle. Allah only desires to keep away the uncleanness (impurities and diseases caused by infectious organisms) from you, O people of the House! and to purify you a (thorough) purifying.” [Surah Al Ahzaab, 33]

Allah’s Apostle also recommended practicing isolation which separates sick people with a contagious disease from healthy people: The cattle (sheep, cows, camels, etc.) suffering from a disease should not be mixed up with healthy cattle, (or said: “Do not put a patient with a healthy person. (as a precaution).” However, sometimes a believer who follows the guidelines may get sick due to others’ negligence and wrongful acts. Another hadith mentions, “If one (believer with good hygiene and a healthy lifestyle) in the time of an epidemic plague stays in his house patiently hoping for Allah’s reward and believing that nothing will befall him except what Allah has written for him, then he will get the reward of a martyr.”

A hadith encourages the use of personal protective clothing when handling the body of individuals who have passed from possible infectious diseases and attending the funeral. Narrated/Authority of Imran bin Husain and Abu Barzah: “We went out with the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) to attend a funeral, and he saw some people who had cast aside their upper sheets and were walking in their shirts only. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: ‘Are you adopting the practice of the days of ignorance?’ or; ‘Are you imitating the behavior of the days of ignorance? I was about to supplicate against you that you would return in a different form.’ So, they put their sheets back on and never did that again.” (Sunan Ibn Majah)

Allah asks: “Do people think that they will be left (at ease) only on their saying, “We believe” (in the teaching of Allah) and will not be put to any test (whether they follow the commands or not)?” [29:2] Indeed We have tested those who were before them. So, Allah will surely know the ones who are truthful, and He will surely know the liars. (29:3) In some cases, the disease outbreaks could be a test for believers (with clean and healthy lifestyles) who live in the neighborhood or community with a high potential transmission risk and high vulnerability to infectious diseases. The Quran mentions “And We will surely test you with something of fear and hunger and a loss of wealth and lives and fruits (sufferings which are caused by Satan), but give good tidings to the patient.” (2:155). The Prophet said, “No fatigue, nor disease, nor sorrow, nor sadness, nor hurt, nor distress befalls a Muslim (who follows the guidelines and a right lifestyle), even if it were the prick he receives from a thorn, but that Allah expiates some of his sins for that.” Anas ibn Malik reported: The Prophet, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “If Allah puts the Muslim servant to trial in his body, Allah says: Record his righteous deeds for him that he used to do. If he is healed, he will wash and cleanse himself. If his soul is taken, he will be forgiven and shown mercy.” (Musnad Ahmed)

It is not easy to save yourself and your family from the invisible evil forces if your neighbors do not follow proper hygiene and take precautions to avoid evil. Ibrahim (PBUH) left the disobedient nation that rejected the commands of Allah for his safety. It is known as Hijrah (Migration). Muslims who left lands to save themselves and their families under Pagan or idol-worshippers rule (or the communities that reject Allah’s guidelines) were called muhajirun (emigrants in the cause of Allah).

Who is continuously fighting for the cause of Allah? The Quran mentions: ‘For men and women who are devoted to God — believing men and women, obedient men and women, truthful men and women, steadfast men and women, humble men and women, charitable men and women, fasting men and women, and the men who guard their private parts (against evil acts) and the women who guard (theirs), and the men who remember Allah much and the women who remember (the guidelines) — for them, Allah has prepared forgiveness and a great reward.’ [33:35] Following advice from the Quran prevents the spread of infectious organisms. Moral sexual behavior reduces the risk of sexually transmitted diseases. Lowering one’s gaze and protecting one’s private parts for the sake of Allah from immorality is a constant struggle for believing men and women. Avoiding lying, gossiping, and compulsive talking (being truthful) can reduce the risk of virus transmission through speaking droplets. Fasting is like Jihad because it boosts your immune system. Frequent fasting can stimulate the production of new white blood cells, and white blood cells fight to destroy germs in the body. To me, charity is a form of jihad that prevents germs from growing and surviving. Adi said: I heard the Prophet (PBUH) saying, ‘Save yourself from the Fire (infection and poisoning caused by evil organisms) even with half a date (natural medicine to be given in charity) and if you do not find a half date, then with a good pleasant word.’ This world is like a battlefield. Serve as an army against invisible harmful bacteria and viruses.

As mentioned earlier: Believers who take precautions and follow a lifestyle according to the teachings of Allah and His messengers to guard themselves against evil but still become victims of diseases (pandemic) from someone else’s negligence or unintentional exposure to infectious organisms might be considered as martyrs, as per the hadeeth: ‘Five are regarded as martyrs: Those who die because of plague, abdominal disease, drowning, or the collapse of the building, maternal deaths, a person who has bedsores, causing fever and cough resulting in his death, etc. (as they struggled with evil forces before their death), and the martyrs in Allah’s cause are considered as the martyrs (who are killed unjustly when they were fighting to establish the guidelines to protect and improve community health or protect the planet Earth).’

Infection is the leading cause of maternal death. Evil viruses and bacterium are among the causes of stomach infection, pleurisy, or gastroenteritis-related deaths and plague. The growth of pathogens and bacteria in a multistory building also causes the collapse of a building. People also die each year due to unintentional drowning infections in the sinuses, lungs, CNS, and others, which may result from unusual soil and waterborne bacteria, amoebas, and fungi. Near-drowning-associated pneumonia with bacteremia is caused by coinfection with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and Edwardsiella tarda. Several investigators have suggested that finding evidence of seawater organisms, such as bioluminescent bacteria and plankton DNA, or normal inhabitants of the trachea in the bloodstream may be utilized as an additional indicator to support the conclusion of death by drowning in bodies discovered in aquatic environments. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: ‘Whoever is killed while protecting his property (cleaning to get rid of germs and becomes sick), then he is a martyr; and whoever is killed while protecting his faith (following Allah’s guidelines), then he is a martyr; and whoever is killed while protecting his life, then he is a martyr; and whoever is killed while protecting his family (from evil), then he is a martyr.’

Allah promises to give great rewards to martyrs who take all possible precautions to guard themselves against evil forces and fight with evil: ‘Rejoicing in what Allah has bestowed upon them of His bounty, and they receive good tidings about those [to be martyred] after them who have not yet joined them — that there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve’ (Quran 3:170). ‘So, let those who sell the life of this world for the Hereafter fight in the cause of this world. And he who fights in the cause of Allah and is killed or achieves victory — We will bestow upon him a great reward’ (Quran 4:74). Many companions of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) were martyrs who died in the battle (physical fight) against disbelievers (to protect their community and the Earth). ‘And if you are killed in the cause of Allah or die — then forgiveness from Allah and mercy are better than whatever they accumulate [in this world]’ (Quran 3:157).

As Allah’s chosen representative on the earth, the children of Adam have obligations to protect themselves, their families, wealth, and others from harmful microbes. Firstly, it is important to educate yourself and understand how infectious organisms spread and take steps to protect yourself. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “Whoever takes a path upon which to obtain knowledge (about how to save himself or herself from fire and disease-causing microbes), Allah makes the path to Paradise easy for him.”

Secondly, raise awareness among family members and the neighborhood or community about the invisible evil forces (pathogens, harmful organisms, punishment of hellfire). The Quran teaches us: “Warn your closest relatives,” (26:214) If you are a father or a mother, educate your children on how to save themselves from germs. Abdullah ibn Umar reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, emphasized the value of taking responsibility for one’s own actions: “Every one of you is a shepherd (leader) and is responsible for his flock (people). The leader of the people is a guardian and is responsible for his subjects. A man is the guardian of his family and he is responsible for them (providing them with good food, good clothing, and good belongings to protect them from harmful microbes or Satan). A woman is the guardian of her husband’s home and his children, and she is responsible for them (to protect them from disease-causing germs). The servant of a man is a guardian of the property of his master, and he is responsible for it (cleaning and protecting the property of the owners). No doubt, every one of you is a shepherd and is responsible for his flock (in his people).” [Bukhari]

Allah grants many blessings to mankind such as the body, wealth, resources, family members, community, environment, etc. and gives them the authority to control over His blessing for a certain period of time. On the Day of Judgment, Allah will ask the children of Adam about how they nurtured their bodies with nutritious and lawful foods that heal and how they protected their bodies, wealth (belongings, property), and family members from the attack of evil forces (during preparing food, cleaning house, covering the body and hair, providing foods and clothes, etc.). Successful people are those who “have declared: “Our Lord is Allah”, then remained steadfast (or sincere with the sense of being upright or fairly balanced)” [41:30].

Then, raise awareness among neighborhoods or communities about the invisible evil forces (pathogens). “Whoever directs someone to do good will gain the same reward as the one who does good.” [Sahih Muslim] If you are a scientist, invent ways to protect our environment. If you are a business owner, do not sell any disease-causing materials, unhealthy foods, or harmful products that can harm mankind and the environment. The Muslim is the one from whose tongue and hand people are safe. Abu Said reported: The Prophet, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, “The honest and trustworthy merchant (who does not deceive his customers by selling harmful and unlawful things) will be with the prophets, the truthful, and the martyrs.” [Sunan al Tirmidhi] If you are a real superhero, then protect yourself, your family, wealth, and neighborhood from disease-causing bacteria and viruses and planet Earth from global warming and catastrophic risks.

Human-like Jinn

Allah is the one ‘Who perfected everything which He created’ [Quran 32:7] ‘and formed you and perfected your forms’ [40:64] ‘[It is] the work of Allah, who perfected all things’ [27:88]. You will not find any flaws in Allah’s creation. The first characteristic of a believer is to accept the unseen existence of One true GOD Who created everything, including angels, and Jinn. A hadith mentions: ‘There is none born but is created to his true nature (innate). It is his parents who make him a Jew or a Christian or a Magian, quite as beasts produce their young with their limbs perfect. Do you see anything deficient in them?’ Then he quoted the Quran: ‘The nature made by Allah in which He has created men, there is no altering of Allah’s creation; that is the right religion (direction).’ ‘And you will never find an alteration in the norm of Allah.’ Allah is not unjust or biased; to me, it is Satan who might edit, rewrite, and alter genes that may contribute to a child’s negative traits, congenital abnormalities, birth defects, disabilities, or genetic disorders. Imagine Allah gives pure fruits; bacteria rot the fruits. Allah grants the authority to Iblis and his troops to mislead those who disobey the right path of living, and Allah gives the authority to humans to use their reasoning to distinguish right from wrong, take proper care, and protect themselves and others from evil.

According to the hadith, the last form of Jinn is human-like. Do you remember the promise of Iblis? ‘And (Satan) incites whoever they can among mankind with their voice and assaults them with their horses and foot soldiers and becomes a partner in their wealth and their children and promises them. But Satan does not promise them except delusion’ [17:64]. This verse indicates that Iblis promised to ‘…become a partner in their children.’ Does this mean that genetic mutations in human embryos are caused by Satan? Recent studies have found the presence of bacterial DNA in both placenta and fetus. Do think “human-like Jinn” or genetically modified/altered humans can be defined as those who were affected or touched by Satan (due to an error in DNA replication, a change in the gene, genetic abnormalities, negative environmental exposure, or other factors, or through editing genes in eggs)?

During sexual intercourse, some organisms transmit genetic material to offspring. Good microbes might transmit good genetic materials (good seeds), and evil microbes might transmit and insert bad traits (neurobiological deficits, genetic disorders, and negative traits) to offspring (bad seeds) through infections and other ways. Women might not absorb and retain DNA from men they have sex with; sometimes, genes might be retained by bacteria. Also, genetic diseases or accidentally unwanted changes might be caused by microbial changes during pregnancy that might cause incorrect letters in the DNA. Scientists have found genetic links between personality traits and psychiatric diseases.

The Quran mentions that when Prophet Adam (PBUH) and his wife were in a garden in heaven, Satan tempted them to eat the forbidden fruit, and after eating the forbidden fruit, their private parts were exposed (to Satan). The Quran mentions: “But Satan caused them to slip out of it and removed them from that [condition] in which they had been. And We said, “Go down, [all of you], as enemies to one another, and you will have upon the earth a place of settlement and provision for a time.” (2:36).

The Quran teaches us: “The story of the two sons of Adam (Habil and Qabil) in truth; when each offered a sacrifice (to Allah), it was accepted from the one but not from the other. Qabil said to Habil: ‘I will surely kill you.’ Habil said: ‘Verily, Allah accepts only from those who are Al-Muttaqun (patient, obedient).’” The Quran also informs us: Prophet Adam’s son Habil was obedient, but Qabil was disobedient. Do you think the forbidden fruit of the garden might be contaminated by Satan which increased the risk of infection? Allah knows the best about the truth. It is not impossible that bacterial cellular components might transfer through oral routes that can enter the fetus. The food choices and habits of a pregnant woman or parents can affect the development of the baby and may also influence the baby’s health into adulthood. For example, a multi-state outbreak of urinary tract infections might occur due to the consumption of contaminated food. Infections like urinary tract infections might change personality and DNA of fetus during pregnancy.

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) informed us: Every offspring is under attack by Satan except Esa (PBUH) as his mother Maryam (PBUH) was a virgin. Do you think Allah’s chosen Prophet Esa (PBUH) might have a unique gene variant that protects against viruses? I think bacterial or viral attacks (infections or illnesses) caused during sexual intercourse or pregnancy might increase the risk of getting disobedient children (or increase the likelihood of criminal behavior; violent developmental disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, hyperactivity, obsessive-compulsive disorder, difficulty controlling behavior, impatience, stubbornness, and aggressive behavior which typically appears in early childhood), especially if the couple does not maintain healthy eating habits and a righteous lifestyle. Narrated by Al-Bukhari, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) advised Muslims to say when they commence intercourse with their spouse: “In the Name of Allah, Oh Allah, shield us from Satan and keep him away from what You (may) bestow upon us (i.e. children).

Future research should continue exploring the possibility of pregnant women who do not guard themselves against evil bacteria and viruses properly (e.g., eating contaminated food, imbalanced gut, not covering the body and hair properly, following an unclean lifestyle, living in an unclean environment), giving birth to children with undesirable behavior (increasing the risk of getting children with undesirable behavior). The offspring may develop the disease when only one parent is affected by a serious bacterial or viral infection since the affected parent has a chance of transmitting the diseases, disorders, and negative traits. Some viruses like HIV can be passed from a mother to her baby during pregnancy, labor, and birth.

Through sexual activities, viruses can also be transmitted via the genital tract and cause sexually transmitted diseases. If viruses can enter the body through breaks in the genital epithelium, they can cause hepatitis B. Congenital infections occur when a mother infects a fetus before its birth. The effects can be severe, including miscarriage, birth defects, rare disorders, intellectual deficiencies, low birth weight, and hearing loss of the infants.

Allah encourages marriage to discourage immorality as sexual immorality is a way to assist invisible evil forces in spreading diseases. “And one of His signs (the existence of the Creator) is that Allah has created for you spouses from among yourselves so that you might take comfort in them and He has placed between you love and mercy. In this, there is surely evidence (of the truth) for the people who carefully think.” (Quran 30:21). As it is mentioned in the hadith, choose your partner wisely. The Prophet (PBUH) said: “Choose carefully for your seed (offspring). Marry those who are alike (or believers with clean and healthy eating habits and righteous lifestyles) and give them in marriage” [Ibn Majah].

Even a believing man who maintains good eating habits and a healthy lifestyle according to the teachings of Allah, infection during pregnancy or penetrative sexual intercourse might lead to disobedient children. Satan might harm sperm and eggs; manipulate the DNA of the fetus and genes during sexual activities and pregnancy. The Quran teaches us through a story: When Prophet Nuh (PBUH) commanded his disobedient son to ride the ark along with him, he refused to obey his rightly-guided father. Allah informed Prophet Nuh (PBUH) that the son was not considered his family. Is it possible that some people on earth inherit bacterial DNA and genes more than their parents?

Harmful microbes might be linked with alien DNA, certain traits, and personalities, and certain blood types. People with alien DNA might be extraordinarily creative and find it easier to communicate with the Jinn race (so-called aliens). Some researchers claim that people with Rh-negative blood types may not be from Earth. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “One of the parents of Queen Bilqis of Saba was a jinni.” The kings of many powerful civilizations that were destroyed earlier, like the Mayan civilization, might be the human-Jinn hybrids; who believed themselves to be the children of their gods (Jinn race) or star children. However, these genetically-altered humans are also created to worship their Creator. Some women who were abducted by the Jinn for a few days claimed that after their abduction, they experienced unintended pregnancies. At the time of Umar, a man was kidnapped by the Jinn and stayed with them for four years. When he came back, he told the people that he had been kidnapped by some Mushrik Jinn, where he stayed as a prisoner with them. Then some Muslim Jinn launched a campaign against them and defeated them and brought him back to his family. This was mentioned in Manaar al-Sabeel and elsewhere (Manaar al-Sabeel, 2/88). The story of the kidnapped man was reported by al-Bayhaqi (7/445–446) and its isnaad was classed as Saheeh by al-Albaani in al-Irwaa, 6/150, no. 1709; Manaar al-Sabeel, 2/88).

Nature vs Nurture:

The Quran provides insights into the interplay of nature and nurture in shaping a child’s physical, personality, and intellectual development. We are pre-selected humans based on our genes. Our genes might shape our gut bacteria. Everyone has unique DNA; therefore, it is considered a perfect genetic fingerprint to identify any person and distinguish him from others. Genes are the instruction code for all of a person’s physical appearance and traits. The Quran asks people of thought, “Who created you, then made you complete, then made you symmetrical?”

Physical and moral traits can be inherited from one’s parents and ancestors. In many hadiths, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) described the inherited physical traits of other prophets. The Prophet (PBUH) said, ‘I saw Moses, Jesus, and Abraham (on the night of my Ascension to the heavens). Jesus had a red (or brown) complexion, curly hair (or lank hair with water dripping from his head in different narrations), and a broad chest. He was of moderate height and had a red face. Moses had a brown complexion, straight hair, and a tall stature, as if he belonged to the people of Az-Zutt. Moses was tall with lank hair, as if he were from the tribe of Shanu’s. I saw Abraham, whom I resembled more than any of his children did.’ Genetic factors play a major role in determining hair texture (straight, wavy, or curly) and the thickness of individual strands, as well as hair color.

Genetic variants are associated with skin pigmentation (skin color). ‘And among His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth and the difference of your tongues and colors. Surely in this, there are signs for those with knowledge.’ (The Romans, 22) ‘Indeed, Allah Most High created Adam from a handful that He took from all of the earth. So, the children of Adam come in accordance with the earth — some of them come red, white, black, and everything in between, with variations in thickness, cleanliness, and filthiness.’ [at-Tirmidhi]

Genetic variations related to facial attractiveness are linked to genes that affect body mass, the measure of a person’s weight and height. The handsome Prophet Yusuf, peace be upon him, was given half of the beauty and was blessed with preselected genetic traits associated with ‘beauty.’ Ibn Umar reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, ‘The nobleman, son of the nobleman, son of the nobleman, son of the nobleman. That was Joseph, son of Jacob (Israel), son of Isaac, son of Abraham, upon them be peace.’ (Ṣaḥiḥ al-Bukhari) Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) had a bright face that shone like the moon; he was the most handsome among all people with the most shining cuticle. He had black eyes that were large with long lashes. The Quran mentions: ‘O mankind! Indeed, We created you from a male and a female and made you nations and tribes that you may identify yourselves with one another. Indeed, the noblest of you in the sight of Allah is the most God-wary (piousness, obedient) among you. Indeed, Allah is all-knowing, all-aware.’ [49:13]

The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, ‘Allah created Adam in His image, sixty cubits tall… Everyone who enters Paradise will be in the image of Adam, for the creation has continued to diminish in stature until now.’ (Bukhari) Our height is not just a matter of genetics but might also be influenced by the environment we live in, including factors such as nutrition and experiences of sickness (or illnesses caused by Satan)

Many have documented that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was blessed with a pleasant and sweet voice. Genetics contribute to our natural sweet voice and vocal characteristics, but we can learn how to train our voice. The prerequisite for the human aptitude for language and speech might be in the DNA (unique genome). The Prophet (PBUH) said, “None spoke in cradle but (unique) three: (The first was) Esa, (the second was), there a man from Bani Israel called Juraij, and another child. A lady from Bani Israel was nursing her child at her breast when a handsome rider passed by her. She said, ‘O Allah! Make my child like him.’ On that, the child left her breast, and facing the rider said, ‘O Allah! Do not make me like him.’ The child then started to suck her breast again. (Abu Huraira further said, “As if I were now looking at the Prophet sucking his finger (in way of demonstration.”) After a while the people passed by, with a lady slave and she (i.e. the child’s mother) said, ‘O Allah! Do not make my child like this (slave girl)! On that, the child left her breast and said, ‘O Allah! Make me like her.’ When she asked why, the child replied, ‘The rider is one of the tyrants while this slave girl is falsely accused of theft and illegal sexual intercourse.”

In earlier times, it was believed that blue eyes, caused by genetic mutation, especially pale and shimmery eyes (zurq al-uyun), were associated with blindness and negative traits. This belief is reflected in a narration attributed to the 3rd/9th-century Christian physician Ibn Masawayh by 7th/13th-century Arab writers: “I have a long face, a high cranium, a broad forehead, and blue eyes, and I was endowed with intelligence and memory for everything that takes place within my hearing. The daughter of al-Ṭayfuri was my wife, the mother of my son, and the most beautiful woman whom I had seen or heard of, although she was stupid and simple-minded, not comprehending what she said and not understanding what was said to her. So her son received all of our bad qualities and was not endowed with any of our handsome qualities, and if it had not been for the great meddling of the sultan and his entering into what did not concern him, I would have dissected this son of mine while living, just as Galen dissected humans and apes so that I might learn by means of his dissection the causes of his stupidity, and he would have been released from his condition in this world.” (Translated in Savage-Smith, “Attitudes Toward Dissection in Medieval Islam,” p. 83) A recent study found that pale eye color is associated with an elevated risk of alcoholism. The eye is closely linked to the brain and heart. Eye color might indicate personality traits, heart-related diseases, and cognitive function. The Quran mentions: “…The fact is that it is not the eyes that turn blind, but what turns blind is the hearts contained in the chests.” (Al-Hajj, 46)

There may be a link between personality characteristics and heritable traits (e.g., facial features). Today, artificial intelligence can predict who will be criminals based on facial features. The Quran indicates that the descendants of the Prophet are not modern Jews or Christians: ‘Do you claim that Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and his descendants were all Jews or Christians?’ Say, ‘Who is more knowledgeable: you or Allah?’ (2:140) ‘(Recall) when Ibrahim prayed (to God), ‘My Lord, make this a city of peace, and provide its people with (blessed) fruits (dates, figs) — those of them who believe in Allah and the Last Day.’ He (Allah) said, ‘As for the one who disbelieves, I shall let him enjoy a little, then I shall drag him to the punishment of the Fire. How evil an end it is!’ (2:126) Allah accepted the prayer of Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH), that’s why most prophets (the descendants of Ibrahim) were Arabs, and many of them live in a city of peace (Medina or Mecca).”

Genetic information is passed down from our grandparents to our parents, and then from our parents to us. Once, a man came to Imam Ali (RA) and said, ‘I want to divorce my wife because she is undoubtedly treacherous and has given birth to a black baby, while our family is not black!’ Imam Ali (RA) replied, ‘Go and bring your wife and child.’ The man did so, and then Imam Ali (RA) asked the father and mother of the man’s wife some questions about her grandparents before stating, ‘As your wife said, her grandfather was black, and this baby looks like him! So, your wife is not a betrayer!’

Similarly, Abu Huraira reported: ‘A Bedouin came to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and he said, ‘Indeed, my wife has given birth to a black boy, and I have disowned him.’ The Prophet said, ‘Do you have camels?’ He said yes. The Prophet said, ‘What color are they?’ He said, ‘They are red.’ The Prophet said, ‘Are any of them gray?’ He said, ‘There are gray camels among them.’ The Prophet said, ‘Where do you think this color came from?’ He said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, it is hereditary.’ The Prophet said, ‘Perhaps this boy’s color is hereditary.’ The Prophet did not allow him to disown his child.’ (Bukhari)

Everything is preordained (genes and inherited DNA), even incapability and intelligence” (Sahih Muslim). Personality and intelligence are determined by a combination of the genes people are born with, their inherited DNA (destiny), and their life experiences while growing up. Leadership can also be an inherited trait. Leading sheep is not very different from leading people. All the prophets were shepherds as well as leaders. Prophets gained experience about the workings of their community by herding sheep, as involvement with sheep improved their patience and compassion. The Prophet (PBUH) said: “Allah did not send any prophet without caring for sheep (as well as people).” The companions asked, “And you as well?” The Prophet said, “Yes, I was a shepherd (leader) with a modest wage on behalf of the people of Mecca” [Ṣaḥiḥ al-Bukhari].

The composition of the microbiome is determined by one’s genetics and the environment. There are many factors that influence gut microbiota composition, and these may be related to DNA patterns. The diet or eating habits of a pregnant woman or/and father may affect the baby’s health and metabolism. Also, the mode of delivery appears to affect the microbiota composition, with vaginally delivered infants’ microbiota containing a high abundance of lactobacilli in the vaginal flora, whereas the microbiota of infants delivered by C-section might reduce the likelihood of getting their mothers’ fecal microbiota. The child who is exposed to Satan at birth might increase the risk of developing criminal behavior or negative traits.

Aisha (RA) said that Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) was called to lead the funeral prayer of a child of the Ansar. She said: “Allah’s Messenger, there is happiness for this child who is a bird from the birds of Paradise for it committed no sin nor has he reached the age when one can commit sin (crime). He said: ‘Aisha, per adventure, it may be otherwise because God created for Paradise those who are fit for it while they were yet in their father’s loins and created for Hell those who are to go to Hell. He created them (their traits or qualities) for Hell while they were yet in their father’s loins.” This hadith indicates that a father’s habits and lifestyle (e.g., diet, speaking less, fasting, prayer, physical activities, and good hygiene) might be associated with the quality of his sperm and the health of his offspring.

Is personality more nature or more nurture? Some people believe that genetics have more influence than family does on shaping our personality. Scientists have found that the abnormal version of the MAOA gene is located in the X chromosome that is linked to aggressive behaviors. Therefore, a child’s personality traits can also be influenced by genetics (the preselected gene influences the characteristics) such as neuroticism, impulsivity, etc., which may have tendencies toward developing problematic criminal behavior and negative traits later in life. If he or she continues to carry these negative qualities and actions, it may lead him to his final destination “Hell.” Research indicates that children of criminals in prison have significantly higher rates of developing antisocial personality traits compared to the general population. This trend persists even if these children are adopted into stable and nurturing families and have no contact with their incarcerated parents. Another study indicates that genetically at-risk children are significantly more likely to develop sociopathic tendencies as grownups if they are raised in abusive or neglectful environments, or if they experience severe physical punishment for their misdeeds.

Personality traits can be inherited from grandparents or other ancestors. The story of the wise Khidr (PBUH), who was granted advanced knowledge from Allah, indicates that a boy whose parents were righteous had behavioral problems, which suggests that sometimes people inherit negative traits from other ancestors, playing a role that is more significant than positive parenting. Childhood behavior problems of the boy can predict his future crime and disobedience. Recent studies have established that multiple problem behaviors in childhood increase the likelihood of future crime. People who have inherited negative personality traits may exhibit a tendency toward criminal behavior, an inability to control their impulses, deceitfulness, aggressiveness, and a tendency toward physical violence. They may also display a pattern of consistent reckless, destructive, and irresponsible behavior, an inability to understand their responsibilities, respect the rights of others, and a lack of remorse. Even though these undesirable behavioral traits might be heritable through generations, people need to practice self-control and follow the guidelines of Allah to be successful in this world and hereafter.

The Quran mentions: “That is Allah: The All-Knower of the unseen (microworld) and the seen (macroworld), the All-Mighty, the Most Merciful. He made everything He created good and began the creation of man from clay. Then He made his offspring from semen of despised water (sexual discharge). Afterward, He fashioned him in due proportion (with good and stubborn microbes in the ecosystem of his body and a balance in the good seed and bad seed), and breathed into him the soul; and He gave you hearing (ears), sight (eyes), and hearts (for reasoning). Little is the thanks you give!” [Surah As-Sajdah: 6–9]. “Then Allah made his progeny of an extract of water (sperm) held in light estimation (good and bad).” “Exalted is He who created all pairs (good microbes and stubborn microbes)- from what the earth grows and from themselves and from that which they do not know” [36:36]. Allah knows who inherited good qualities and who inherited bad qualities. He is the One who knows who will follow the right path and who will choose the wrong path later in life. Allah is merciful and forgives those who sincerely repent, ask for forgiveness, and make efforts to change their ways. Whoever is destined for Hell is worthy of punishment for their evil actions.

Every person to whom his mother gives birth (has two aspects of his life); when his mother gives birth, Satan strikes him, but it was not the case with the virgin Maryam (PBUH) and her son (Prophet Esa PBUH), who was born without a biological father. To guard our offspring (and avoid unpredictable consequences caused by Satan microbes), the Prophet said, “If anyone of you on having sexual relations with his wife said (and he must say it before starting) ‘In the name of Allah. O, Allah! Protect us from Satan and also protect what you bestow upon us (i.e. the coming offspring) from Satan’, and if it is destined (genetic instructions are written) that they should have a child, then Satan will never be able to harm that offspring.” All prophets encourage following the guidelines of Allah strictly and depend on Allah’s preselection (Taqdir), Who is the giver of good traits in offspring. Generally, righteous children are the rewards for righteous parents; whereas stubborn and delinquent children are the punishment for parents who are disobedient to the commands (guidelines) of Allah. “As for those who believe and whose descendants follow them in faith, We will elevate their descendants to their rank, never discounting anything of the reward of their deeds.” (Quran, 52:21).

However, you have to put your best effort into fighting against Satan, along with relying on Allah. It is essential to promote good microbes in one’s diet, avoid unclean and contaminated food, eat foods with the mentioning of “Bismillah”, maintain healthy eating habits, fast, practice good hygiene, speak less, avoid loud noise, cover themselves properly to guard against pollution and infection, pray regularly, live in a healthy environment, and follow a righteous lifestyle, to get an offspring with good character traits and avoid one that might be at risk of inheriting a disorder or an undesirable trait if Allah wills. The Quran mentions that Maryam (PBUH) ate dates while she gave birth to Esa (PBUH). Dates have natural antibacterial properties. Moreover, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) encouraged pregnant women to eat watermelon. He said: “None of your women who are pregnant and eat watermelon will fail to produce offspring who are good in countenances and good in character.” (Musnad Ahmad)

As discussed earlier, genes can serve as strong predictors of whether individuals might incline towards a life of crime. However, it’s crucial to note that having a criminal biological parent doesn’t automatically make someone a criminal, emphasizing that genes alone do not determine criminal tendencies. Due to genetic or environmental factors, certain individuals may face an elevated risk of developing criminal behavior, akin to those considered sinful or destined for Hell. Inherited behaviors such as impulsivity, hyperactivity, or aggression do not guarantee a person’s destiny as a criminal; rather, various factors like negative family environments, poor diets, unhealthy habits, unclean surroundings, and bad companions can trigger genetic vulnerabilities. Thus, the interplay between genes, environmental factors, and other influences varies from person to person. On Judgment Day, no father will be held accountable for their child’s wrongdoing, and vice versa, as outlined in the Quran: “Whoever chooses the right path does so for their own good, while those who go astray do so at their own loss. No bearer of burdens will bear another’s burden” (17:15). Another Quranic verse (35:18) emphasizes the uniqueness of each person’s experience. A hadith highlights that people may engage in bad deeds early in life but later choose the right path, demonstrating the significance of one’s ultimate fate. It emphasizes the need to remain cautious until witnessing the end of a person’s journey.

Parenting and environmental factors significantly influence a child’s growth from infancy to adulthood. For instance, breast-fed infants often exhibit higher levels of beneficial microbes than their formula-fed counterparts. As parents, it’s crucial to fulfill the responsibility of providing nutrient-rich foods, protecting children from viruses and harmful bacteria, and guiding them on the right path to raise obedient and righteous children. The Quranic story of wise man Luqman (PBUH) and his positive influence on his son exemplifies the impact of positive parenting on personality development. The Quran (14:40) indicates that the supplication of righteous parents is important for a child to be rightly guided and become righteous themselves. Prophet Ibrahim supplicate to Allah: “My Lord, make me an establisher of prayer, and [many] from my descendants. Our Lord, and accept my supplication.” (14:40) The son of Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH), Ismail (PBUH), who possessed good genetic traits, was not raised with his father, but was raised in the desert (a different environmental setting) along with his mother. He also became a guided and Prophet.

The Quran teaches us how parenting, neighborhood, societal factors, environmental influences, proper guidance, and biological factors (genetic and hereditary factors) shape the personality development and traits of believers. The Quran recounts the story of Prophet Zakariya (PBUH), who, through practices like fasting and speaking less, (exemplified guarding against bacteria and viruses, promoting good bacteria through fasting). Consequently, he was blessed with an obedient and righteous son, Prophet John (PBUH), reflecting Allah’s preselected genes. The Quran (19:12–14) emphasizes the wisdom granted to Prophet John (PBUH) at a young age, along with purity, compassion, and a God-fearing nature inherited preselected good genetic traits. These genetic contributions played a significant role in shaping his good behavior and personality from childhood, making him neither arrogant nor disobedient. Not only did he inherit good traits, but he also strictly followed the guidelines of Allah in his life (19:12). The Quran invokes peace upon him on the day of his birth, death, and the day he will be raised back to life, indicating his status as a perfect candidate for heaven due to following Allah’s guidelines. Inherited good traits are a decree of Allah and a form of good fortune, but success cannot be achieved without following the commands of Allah and doing good deeds. The Quran states, “As for those who believed and acted righteously, We shall certainly admit them among the righteous” (29:9).

The stories of various Prophets illustrate that Allah preselected their genes, granting specific positive traits like wisdom, intelligence, obedience, great strength, and vision. However, their success in this world and the hereafter not only depended on genetic factors and environment, but also on good parenting, guidance, and adherence to Allah’s guidelines. The Quran acknowledges individuals such as Ishmael, Elisha, Jonah, and Lot, whom Allah preferred over the worlds through preselected genes and traits (6:86). Children are individuals with their own unique genetic makeup and personalities, and while they may be influenced by their parents’ behavior and environment, they also have their own choices to follow the right path and do the right acts that shape who they become. In order to achieve success in this world and the Hereafter, we need to make great efforts to follow the command of Allah.

The story of Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) further emphasizes how the interplay of genetics, environment, and guidance influence offspring. After leaving an unhealthy idol-worshipping community, Allah granted him righteous sons, Isaac and Jacob, endowed with great strength and vision. The Quran showcases the multifaceted influence of preselected genes, environment, parental teachings, and Allah’s guidance on the development of the higher selves of Prophet Isaac (PBUH) and Prophet Jacob (PBUH) [38:45].

The parental lifestyle and dietary habits before the conception of the baby, including their diet and practices, may influence the characteristics that the child can inherit from their father or mother. Prophet Esa (PBUH) inherited good characteristics from his righteous mother. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: “No person is born without being pricked by Shaytaan, and he cries from the touch of Satan, except for Maryam and her son.” (Bukhari) Prophet Esa (PBUH) might be genetically resistant to the effects of infection, and Allah knows best about the truth. Genetic and childhood dietary patterns might be linked to immunological basis. Babies who are breastfed have passive immunity for longer. However, environmental influences and nurture such as our diet may reshape the innate immunity in adult life. There might be a link between immune function and personality traits. A hadith mentions that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) asked for a date, chewed it, and put some of its juice in a child’s (Zubair’s) mouth. So, the first thing that entered the child’s stomach was the saliva (beneficial agents) of the prophet (PBUH).

According to the Quran and Hadith, personality develops in a predetermined order through some stages of psychosocial development, from infancy to adulthood. In Sahih Muslim (Kitab ul-Qadr), one hadith mentions Abu Huraira reported Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The mother of every person gives him birth according to his true nature (Muslim). It is subsequently his parents who label him a Jew or a Christian or a Magian (the influence of parenting, learned experience and rituals, and the environment). Had his parents been Muslim (who is under submission to the guidelines of Allah), he would have also remained a Muslim (because of positive parenting according to the guidelines of Allah). In verse 29:8 of the Quran, it is mentioned that Allah has commanded people to honor their parents. But if they urge you to associate partners with Allah, of which you have no knowledge, then do not obey their wrong path. Look at Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) when he realized his father was misguided and tried to guide him in the right path. However, when Ibrahim (PBUH) understood that his father would not be guided and would become harmful to him, he left his father for the sake of Allah.

Choosing your neighborhood and environment carefully is crucial as it significantly impacts the personality development of children. Various environmental factors contribute to this, including material relationships, family stress, neighborhood, cultural beliefs, and friendships. In Surah Kahf (13–16), the Quran narrates the story of a group of youths who believed in their Lord. Allah increased them in guidance and strengthened their hearts. They stood firm, declaring, “Our Lord is the Lord of the Heavens and the Earth! We will not call upon any god other than Him. If we were to do that, we would surely have said a transgressive word.” The story highlights the youths’ commitment to monotheism and their refusal to worship any deity besides Allah. They questioned the misguided practices of their community, challenging them to provide authoritative proof for their false gods. Faced with falsehood, the youths chose to withdraw from their misguided community and seek refuge in a cave.

The Quran encourages believers to distance themselves from environments or communities that promote falsehood and idolatry. It is important to make thoughtful choices regarding one’s surroundings to foster a positive and righteous upbringing. After receiving the guidance of Allah, Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) said to his polytheist father, “O dear father! I have certainly received knowledge that you have not received, so follow me, and I will guide you to the Straight Path. O dear father! Do not worship Satan. Surely, Satan is ever rebellious against the Most Compassionate” (19:43–44). He also said, “And I will leave you, father, and those whom you (misguided community) invoke other than Allah, and will invoke my Lord. I expect that I will not be unhappy in the invocation to my Lord” [19:48]. This verse indicates that Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) did not follow his misguided father and the community but rather used his reasoning ability and wisdom and did the right thing when Allah guided him.

The Quran also demonstrates the importance of leaving the company of bad people (unhealthy environment) to reshape one’s personality, behavior, and attitude. After receiving guidance, many prophets like Prophet Nuh (PBUH) and Prophet Lut (PBUH) also left their misguided community, which might have affected their personalities and their offspring. Even Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was raised in a community where mushrik people were boastful of their ignorance, but he separated himself from others and went to Hera cave to meditate and find the truth. Allah guided him through an Angel. Later, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) left the misguided nations and resided in Medina, where he could follow the guidelines of Allah properly and became successful. When you leave others for the sake of Allah, Allah will make a better way for you.

If parents are rightly guided and follow a righteous lifestyle, it does not necessarily mean that all their children will inherit preselected good traits. The father of Prophet Yusuf (PBUH) received prophethood (wisdom from Allah) but his eleven sons who lived in a religious environment with their believer father were not prophets. The case of Prophet Yusuf (PBUH) who saw dreams in which the sun, moon, and stars are prostrating before him, was an indication of his future prophethood and Allah’s chosen authority of the earth. Prophet Yusuf (PBUH) was a son of a prophet but grew up in a different environment where sins (immorality) were easy to commit but still, he had a God-fearing heart. The Quran mentions the environment of Prophet Yusuf: “And she (Zulaikha) certainly determined [to seduce] him (Prophet Yusuf PBUH), and he would have inclined to her had he not seen the proof of his Lord. And thus (it was) that We should avert from him evil and immorality. Indeed, he was of Our chosen servants.” [12:24] In this case, guidance and mercy from Allah play a major role over genes and environment to avoid committing sins as the Quran mentions, “We should avert from him evil and immorality” otherwise, offspring of a good father might be misguided in such immorality prevailed environment. Later on, Prophet Yusuf (PBUH) went to the prison which allowed him to come closer to Allah. In the case of the father of Prophet Yusuf (PBUH) when he lost his son Yusuf, he prayed more and came closer to Allah. Brokenhearted is near to God and people with lust and pride forget Allah.

The nature of human behavior is programmable. Children might learn through observation. For example, a younger brother might learn to behave aggressively by observing older brothers engaging in violent behavior. It is advisable to surround yourself with good people, as relationships and friends can influence one’s personality traits over time. Moreover, married couples share and exchange DNA during kissing and eating together. DNA contains genetic code that may influence each individual’s behavioral and psychological characteristics, including intellectual ability, personality, and the risk for mental illness.

In verse 26 of An-Nur, Allah indicates how the company (spouses) influences the development of one’s inner personality: “Bad women are for bad men, and bad men are for bad women. And good women are for good men, and good men are for good women” [24:26]. “And do not marry polytheistic women until they believe (submit themselves to the guidelines of the true Creator). And a believing slave woman is better than a polytheist, even though she might please you (with her beauty, wealth, and skills). And do not marry polytheistic men until they believe (submit themselves to the guidelines of the true Creator). And a believing slave is better than a polytheist, even though he might please you (with their appearance, wealth, skills). Those invite (you) to the Fire, but Allah invites to Paradise (peace) and forgiveness, by His permission. And He makes it clear in His verses to the people that perhaps they may remember” [Al-Baqarah, 221]. If a person marries a drug addict, he or she will never encourage them to pray; rather, they will advise them to take drugs together. In the Quran, Allah (SWT) advises us: “Help one another in acts of piety and righteousness. And do not assist each other in acts of sinfulness and transgression. And be aware of Allah. Verily, Allah is severe in punishment” (5:2).

However, environment and companionship alone do not account for all aspects of personality development. Another case involves the story of Musa (PBUH), who was preselected by Allah: “And mention in the Book of the Prophet, the story of Moses. He was truly a chosen man, a messenger, and a prophet.” Prophet Musa (PBUH) was selected and raised in the household of the tyrant Pharaoh (a misguided environment), while his brother, another prophet, Harun (PBUH), was raised in a different environment. But both brothers were guided by Allah. However, the wife of Prophet Lut (PBUH) followed the misguided people of her community rather than her rightly guided spouse. On the other hand, Pharaoh’s wife, Asiya (PBUH), did not blindly follow the lifestyle of her misguided spouse; rather, she discerned between good and bad. “Allah has also given examples of believers: Pharaoh’s wife, Asiya (PBUH), who said, ‘Lord, build me a house near You in the Garden. Save me from Pharaoh and his actions; save me from the evildoers.’” (Quran 66:11).

Allah gives vision, hearing, and the ability to use intellect and reasoning to distinguish right from wrong. He also provides guidance through His revealed beneficial guidelines, such as the Quran, to protect mankind from punishment and to help them become successful in life and in the hereafter: “Follow the revelation (guidance) given unto you from your Lord and follow not, as friends or protectors, other than Him” [7:3]. All prophets are those who were given guidance taught by Allah Himself through angels. Prophets were also intellectuals, wise, and messengers who delivered the knowledge (guidelines) learned from Allah to their nation. They were truth-seekers who courageously followed reason and evidence.

Do all descendants of prophets inherit wisdom, intelligence, physiques, and personality traits from their rightly guided fathers? Do all descendants of prophets become successful and rightly guided (follow the lifestyles according to Allah and His prophets)? The Quran mentions: “Those were some of the prophets who Allah has blessed from among the descendants of Adam, and of those We carried with Noah in the Ark, and of the descendants of Abraham and Israel, and those We rightly guided (who followed the guidance of Allah) and chose (preselect gene, natural selection).” Allah selected genetic traits of Prophet Abraham (PBUH) from the descendants of Noah (PBUH), and some other descendants of Noah (PBUH) were not chosen. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) himself used to call Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) “My Father.” Wathila ibn Al-Asqa’ reported: I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, saying, “Verily, Allah has chosen Kinanah from the sons of Ishmael (descendants of Prophet Ibrahim PBUH), and he has chosen the Quraish from Kinanah, and he has chosen the tribe of Hashim from the Quraish, and he has chosen me from the tribe of Hashim.” (Ṣaḥiḥ Muslim). This family tree indicates how a specific gene can disappear in one generation and then reemerge in a later generation. A hadith indicates an inherited “prophet” gene may exist. Narrated Abu Huraira: I heard Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) saying, “I am the nearest of all the people to the son of Mary, and all the prophets are paternal brothers, and there has been no prophet between me and him (i.e. Prophet Esa). Prophet Muhammad inherited the seal of prophethood (a unique birthmark). The description of his unique birthmark has been narrated in the hadith. It was an area of raised skin the size of a pigeon’s egg, between the shoulders of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). It was surrounded by moles, and on it were some hairs. Some individuals are blessed and chosen with good qualities, but there is no doubt that without actions, inherited quality and knowledge alone cannot bring success.

The Quran and hadith underscore the continuous influence of various factors (environment, culture, genes, parenting, relationships, neighborhood) on one’s personality traits. Even inherited genes might predispose an individual to negative traits, modifying behavior according to Allah’s teachings is always an option. Allah will not change the condition of a people until they are willing to change themselves and put in enough effort. Allah promises, “Those who believe and do good deeds, We shall cleanse them of their evil deeds and reward them according to the best of their deeds” (Quran 29:7).

Ultimately, the Quran and hadith emphasize that individuals will be judged based on their deeds, and the unchanged version of their personality at death represents who they truly are. The hadith clarifies that everyone’s place in Jannah (Paradise) or Jahannam (Hell) is predetermined because Allah is Wise and Knower of the Future, yet individuals are encouraged to carry out good deeds, as good actions will be facilitated for the fortunate and evil actions for the wretched. The Quran and hadith indicate the importance of adhering to Allah’s guidance throughout one’s lifetime.

What are the secrets to success: Nature vs Nurture?

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was blessed with some moral characteristics such as humility, God-fearing (obedience), forgiveness, shyness, and empathy. These moral characteristics can be inherited traits. However, one’s inherited trait or innate behavior can be changed during his or her lifetime due to the effects of Satan, environmental factors, and others. Learned behavior or acquired characteristics can modify individuals through observing others and life experiences with guidance.

All successful prophets with blessed genetic traits worked hard, strived in the cause of Allah (practiced self-control to resist evil temptation), and nurtured and followed safety measures to protect themselves and others according to the guidance of Allah. Uqbah ibn Amir reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, ‘Verily, these lineages of yours cannot be used to disparage anyone. You are all the children of Adam, going back to him equally and cannot be exceeded. No one is favored except by religion (actions according to the guidance) or good deeds. It is enough sin for a man to be vulgar, shameless, miserly, and cowardly.’ [Musnad Aḥmad]

The Quran uncovers the secrets to the success of the most successful people: ‘Whenever the revelations of the Most Compassionate were recited to them, they (prophets) fell down, prostrating and weeping. But they were succeeded by generations who neglected prayer and followed their lusts and so will soon face the evil consequences. As for those who repent, believe, and do good, it is they who will be admitted into Paradise, never being denied any reward.’ (19: 58–60). ‘And those who are patient, seeking the countenance of their Lord, and establish prayer and spend from what We have provided for them secretly and publicly and prevent evil with good (hygiene, healthy eating and righteous living) — those will have the good consequence of (this) home.’ [Surah Ar-Rad, 22] On the other hand, ‘And he who changes Faith (right path) for disbelief, verily, he has gone astray from the right way (of living).’ [2:108]

Self-control and patience — these two virtues help people to achieve desirable characteristics. Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) said, ‘Fatima is a part of me, and he who makes her angry, makes me angry.’ This hadith indicates that behaviors related to anger (temper) in children might be inherited from their fathers. Some people might be genetically prone to anger. However, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) knew that if a person could manage his anger, he would be able to control everything else. That is why the Prophet mentioned in another hadith: ‘The powerful man is not the one who can wrestle, but the powerful man is the one who can control himself at the time of anger.’

The teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) indicate that a human heart can store memories and preserve the Quran (knowledge of right and wrong) in the heart. The brain is not the only place that stores memories. Therefore, utilizing the cellular memory of hearts can assist us in changing ourselves. Besides, our state of hearts is interconnected with our personality. Keeping heart healthy, building good habits, training one’s “self,” and defeating Satan are great struggles (jihad): “As for those who strive in Our cause, We will surely guide them to Our ways; rest assured that Allah is with the righteous” (Surah al-Ankabut, 69). “As for those who follow the right way, Allah will increase their guidance and bestow on them their righteousness” (Surah Muhammad, 17). ‘Those who spend (fight against evil in Allah’s Cause) in prosperity and adversity, repress their anger, and pardon others, verily, Allah loves the good-doers.’ (3:134).

Genetics could play a more significant role than people might think in determining their physical and sexual attraction. Allah has decreed for everyone a portion of adultery (pre-set sexual attraction). Abu Huraira reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, ‘Verily, Allah has written for the son of Adam his portion of adultery (genes play a role in sexual behavior) which he will inevitably commit: the adultery of the eyes is a lustful look, the adultery of the tongue is lustful speech. The soul craves and yearns; the passions will affirm or deny.’ (Ṣaḥiḥ al-Bukhari)

People need to reset some destiny (e.g., prewritten sexual attraction) with Taqwa, self-control, and patience to achieve good characteristics. The Quran teaches how to control one’s own sexual arousal through learned behaviors to reduce the risks associated with some sexual behaviors: ‘Tell the believing men that they must lower their gazes and guard their private parts; it is more decent for them. Surely Allah is All-Aware of what they do. And tell the believing women that they must lower their gazes and guard their private parts, and must not expose their adornment, except that which appears thereof, and must wrap their bosoms with their shawls, and must not expose their adornment…’ (Surah An-Nur 31). ‘…Unmarried people should fast, as fasting will restrain their impulses or urges’ (Sunan Ibn Mājah). Fasting might be a treatment for neurotransmitter dopamine-related disorders or addictions, which are involved in learning and reward. Bad gut bacteria can produce neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin that might be connected with sex, food taste, music, gambling, etc.

The inherited ‘obedient’ gene does not guarantee success in life and the hereafter. Reasoning ability is more critical for achieving success than inherited traits. For instance, parents may serve and command their obedient son to eat unclean meat. The son needs to reason whether he should obey the commands of his misguided parents or not. The Quran mentions: ‘We have commanded people to honor their parents. But if they urge you to associate with Me what you have no knowledge of, then do not obey them.’ (29:8)

There are intelligent criminals who use their inherited genetic traits to steal, deceive, murder, and commit other crimes. However, without Taqwa (fear of God and love of God), they are unsuccessful in the world and in the hereafter. Taqwa is a concept in Islam that motivates individuals to perform righteous deeds and avoid forbidden activities. It is often understood as a combination of fear of God and love of God, inspiring believers to protect themselves from displeasing God.

Today, scientists are designing ‘designer babies’ (modified humans) whose genetic makeup has been selected using gene-altering and gene-editing techniques. They may change their height, eyesight, and physical characteristics through genetic engineering. Poor people living in low-income countries cannot afford special traits through genetic engineering. If rich parents choose to preselect features and qualities in a child using genetic modification techniques and raise the children in the chosen environment, how can they deny the influence of following right guidelines (right eating habits, healthy zero-waste lifestyle, and cleanliness according to the teachings of Allah), which will assist in the development of the child’s personality? If the child has good physical strength and extraordinary intelligence (unique genes), but if they overeat or consume artificial foods, will they be rightly guided? How can they inherit the personality traits of God’s conscientiousness (taqwa)? If they inherit the ‘obedient’ gene, they might be obedient to the wrong authority or parents who might mislead them into unhealthy lifestyles or the path of destruction. Future research may study whether rewriting DNA or editing the genes of designer babies is linked to some negative personality traits, such as a lack of empathy. People of Aad were known for their physical strength and great skills, but they were destroyed in a disaster because of their disobedience and rejection of following beneficial guidelines of Allah and His messengers, which were important to maintaining a fair balance in the ecosystem.

There are differences between inherited intelligence and acquired wisdom. Intelligence can be used in many fields, but wisdom is needed to enlighten the human soul. After receiving the guidance of Allah, Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) said to his polytheist father: ‘And I will leave you and those you (his nation) invoke other than Allah and will invoke my Lord. I expect that I will not be invoked to my Lord unhappy’ (i.e., disappointed). [19:48]. Here, this verse indicates that Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) used his reasoning ability and wisdom when Allah guided him. Also, the Quran demonstrated the importance of leaving the company of bad people (environment) to reshape your personality, behavior, and attitude: ‘O you who believe, you should worry only about your own necks (a record). If the others go astray, they cannot hurt you, as long as you are guided. To GOD is your ultimate destiny, all of you; then He will inform you of everything you had done.’ [5:105].

Even though rightly-guided parents might try to teach the right guidelines, the children might not follow the teachings of their parents, like the misguided son of Prophet Nuh (PBUH): ‘Ask, “Shall we invoke instead of Allah that which neither benefits us nor harms us and be turned back on our heels after Allah has guided us? [We would then be] like one whom the Satan (bacteria) enticed [to wander] upon the earth confused, [while] he has companions inviting him to guidance, [calling], ‘Come to us.’” Say, “Indeed, the guidance of Allah is the [only] guidance; and we have been commanded to submit to the Lord of the worlds.’ (6:71) ‘Surely you do not guide whomever you love, but Allah guides whomever He decides, and He knows best who is fit to be guided.’ (28:56). You cannot guide anyone whose heart is corrupted and whose mind is infected by devils unless Allah wills.

If a person with preselected good traits does not follow a healthy diet, hygiene, a healthy lifestyle, and does not guard themselves against the invisible evil forces according to the Quran, they will be at risk of developing heart disease or cognition problems, which also affects their judgment ability. Preselected genes, the mercy of Allah (guidance from Allah), and following the guidelines of Allah all play a role in the development of a person’s virtue, personality, and traits, which are important to be successful in this world and the hereafter. Abu Huraira reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, ‘Verily, a man may act with the deeds of the people of Paradise for a long time, then he ends his life acting with the deeds of the people of Hellfire. And a man may act with the deeds of the people of Hellfire for a long time, then he ends his life acting with the deeds of the people of Paradise.’ (Sahih Muslim) ‘Allah will put your deeds into a right state for you and forgive you your faults; and whoever obeys Allah and His Apostle, he indeed achieves a mighty success.’ (33:57) ‘And whoever of you is obedient to Allah and His Apostle and does good, We will give to her reward doubly, and We have prepared for her an honorable sustenance.’ (33:31). Pray: ‘Our Lord, let our spouses and children be a source of joy for us and keep us in the forefront of the righteous.’ ‘Our Lord, and admit them into the gardens of Eden that You promised for them and for the righteous among their parents, spouses, and children. You are the Almighty, Most Wise.’ [25:74; 40:8].

Stand Strong through Satan’s Attacks:

The stubborn Jinn race can turn into devils if they are not kept under human control. Not only do inner Jinn mislead mankind by producing chemicals (waswas), but also the agents of Iblis (so-called “ancient space aliens”) mislead many nations, possibly mimicking any living organisms and appearing in the form of humans, animals, or hybrids. They might be the manipulators of human history and have visited Earth for millions of years. Satan’s ultimate aim in his numerous attacks is to undermine our faith, as he believes that by doing so, he can ultimately destroy us.

Throughout history, the stubborn Jinn race appeared as ancient gods and deities to the human race, possibly as so-called space-traveling aliens. Many ancient idol worshippers, pagans, and polytheists have mythic literature about the supernatural power and advanced knowledge (e.g., mathematics, science, technology, medicine, creativities) of their gods and goddesses. Why do Jinn assist people in spreading knowledge about technological innovations? Outwardly, it appears beneficial, but modern technology is full of distractions, from smartphones to social media. These keep you busy and hinder you from staying focused on your real goals. To overcome distractions and reach the ultimate goal of ‘Heaven,’ people should refrain from crossing their limits and consistently distinguish between lawful and unlawful actions when applying knowledge or utilizing technology.

Ancient Astronaut Theorists suggest that according to ancient Indian texts, in Hinduism, gods arrived from the sky in flying vehicles called Vimanas and Garudas, which landed on Earth. Idol worshippers worship the Jinn race as their gods and goddesses, as confirmed by the Quran: “And they make the Jinn associates with Allah, while He created them, and they falsely attribute to Him sons and daughters (children of so-called gods and goddesses) without knowledge; glory be to Him, and highly exalted is He above what they ascribe (to Him)” [6:100].

The Quran mentions: “Have you ever thought about al-Lat and al-Uzza (deities), and about the third deity, al-Manat? Shall you have male issues, and He the female issues? That is indeed an unfair division! These are nothing but names that you and your forefathers have invented, for which Allah has sent down no authority. They are merely following their conjectures and their carnal desires although guidance has come to them from their Lord.” (53:19–23) Narrated from Abdullah (RA), Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): “Those whom they call upon (the Jinn) seek the means of nearness to their Lord.” They were worshipped, but these Jinn-worshipping people continued to worship them. However, a group of Jinn has accepted Islam (the teachings of Allah and His messengers) and modified their disobedient behaviors.” [Sahih Muslim]

You might have heard that many ancient gods and goddesses’ characters promote sexuality and nudity. Some of their literature mentions their gods and goddesses kidnapping and raping others. These depictions of evil indicate that one aspect of Satan’s character is immorality. Today, you will see celebrities, the wealthy, or people who worship jinn spreading nudity, singing with spells, using mudras (mysterious gestures or postures) while walking and dancing, and wearing symbols and logos that influence others’ minds to become rich, popular, or for other reasons.

The stubborn Jinn race keeps their followers engaged in idol worshiping and certain rituals that can help them survive on planet Earth. In Pre-Islamic Arabia, when idol worshipers offered food to their idols to please their gods and goddesses (Stubborn Jinn), invisible harmful microbes ate those foods in which Allah’s name had not been mentioned, spreading diseases and disasters throughout the community. One of the companions of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), Khalid bin Walid, mentioned that his dad used to sacrifice 100 camels for an idol. Misguided people ritually sacrificed their innocent children, virgins, and animals, causing bloodshed to please their gods and goddesses (Stubborn Jinn) in Pre-Islamic Arabia. These rituals helped the stubborn bacterial community to eat, survive, and get stronger against mankind.

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) encouraged them to share food with the children of Adam, not with the invisible enemy of mankind. He teaches us not to waste food but rather clean our plates and places as much as possible. The Prophet (PBUH) said that he who licks (cleans) his plate will have it seek forgiveness for him. The plate will say, “May Allah Most High free you from Hell as you have saved me from Shaytan.” The Quran mentions: “Indeed, the wasteful are brothers of the devils (because they assist Satan), and ever has Satan been ungrateful to his Lord.” (17:27) After receiving the guidance of Allah, Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) also said to his polytheist father who did not follow a righteous lifestyle: “O dear father! I have certainly received some knowledge that you have not received, so follow me and I will guide you to the Straight Path. O dear father! Do not worship Satan. Surely Satan is ever rebellious against the Most Compassionate.” (19:43–44)

All prophets fought against Satan. Meanwhile, the leaders of disbelievers, who did not believe in the microscopic world (unseen), enjoyed luxury and encouraged others to spread diseases by engaging them in forefathers’ rituals. People in Makkah in the time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) stored excessive gold and silver as money and jewelry. “And those who hoard up gold and silver (filthy and disease-causing stuff) and spend them not in the Way of Allah, announce unto them a painful torment (diseases and sufferings)” [At-Tawba, 34]. In order to reduce sin (the growth of harmful microbes and prevent diseases), Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) taught us to get rid of excess disease-causing gold and silver and donate the wealth to those who are in need. Disbelievers and hypocrites refuse to donate their gold and silver (wealth) to the poor.

Abu Lahab was an uncle of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) who opposed the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (e.g., following a clean lifestyle, donating gold, rejecting forefathers’ unhealthy rituals) from the very beginning. The Quran mentions the punishment of the earning of disease-causing materials with the unclean hands of Abu Lahab: “Perished be the hands of Abu Lahab and ruined he be, neither his wealth nor what (harmful) he has earned shall avail him. He shall shortly roast in flaming fire. And his wife — laden with faggots, shall have a rope of palm fiber round her neck (it is a sign of disease for rejecting to follow the beneficial guidelines of Allah)” [111:1–5].

In the community where Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) belonged, polytheists and pagans killed their daughters alive, disrespected women, engaged in immorality, lived unhealthy lifestyles, practiced racial discrimination, bloodshed, and mutilation of dead bodies. As a teacher and spiritual guide, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) risked his life to save humanity, protect community, and planet Earth, and unite the hearts of the children of Adam. He tried to educate his community about the true Creator, the unseen world of allies and enemies (angels and Satan), how to guard themselves through proper hygiene, eating habits, lifestyle according to the commands of Allah, and warned them that if they continue practicing the unhealthy rituals of their forefathers, then the great punishment (pandemic, disasters) would befall them, and hereafter they would live forever in hell for taking harmful bacteria and viruses as their allies and harming themselves and others.

Buraydah reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, came out and called out to us three times, “O people! Do you know the parable between you and myself?” They said, “Allah and His messenger know best.” The Prophet said, “Verily, the parable between you and myself is that of a people who feared an enemy approaching them, so they dispatched a man to keep watch for them. While they were doing so, he saw the enemy and returned to warn them, afraid that the enemy would reach them before he could warn his people.” The Prophet threw up his garment, and he said three times, “O people, you have been encroached (by your enemy germs)!” [Musnad Ahmad] Your enemies are sitting in your clothes. But 1500 years ago, many people out of ignorance rejected the belief in the unseen world (microscopic world of germs) and mocked Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), calling him a “madman” and “magician.”

The Prophet (PBUH) said: “My example and the example of the people are that of a man who made a fire, and when it lighted what was around it, moths and other insects started falling into the fire. The man tried his best to prevent them (from falling into the fire), but they overpowered him and rushed into the fire. The Prophet (PBUH) added: Now, similarly, I take hold of the knots at your waist (belts) to prevent you from falling into the Fire, but you insist on falling into it.” [Sahih al-Bukhari]

No prophets fought for political powers or the world of lust. For self-defense, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) fought against those pagan and polytheists who were threats to public health safety and the environment in his community. These misguided people worshiped 360 idols inside the sacred house of God, assisted agents of Iblis, spread diseases recklessly, and rejected the guidelines of Allah arrogantly. The germs inside idols, sculptures, and statues can only be seen (with a microscope) when they are sliced open. The Quran mentions: “And thus did We make for every prophet an enemy, the Shaitans from among men and jinn, some of them suggesting to others varnished falsehood to deceive (them), and had your Lord pleased, they would not have done it, therefore leave them and that which they forge.” (6:112) When it is said to them, “Come to what Allah has sent down and to the Messenger,” they say, “What we found our forefathers committed to is quite enough for us! Wasn’t it the case that their ancestors didn’t know a thing and were void of guidance?” (Quran 2:170) The powerful leaders of his community punished and killed many of the followers of the beneficial teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

The Prophet (PBUH) waged war against the disbelievers and Mushriks of Mecca with Allah’s permission. Later, Allah granted Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his followers’ victory, and as a victorious ruler of Madinah, he ordered to remove idols from the sacred house of Allah (a gathering place for clean believers). When one of the companions of the Prophet (PBUH), Umar (RA), broke an idol, the jinn came out in the form of a woman inside the idol.

Taking precautions to guard ourselves against evil forces involves reciting the Quran, remembering Allah in every task, maintaining good hygiene habits, following the right diet, leading a healthy lifestyle, praying, being just, practicing self-control, and keeping ties with family and believers. These actions can save us from the problems caused by Satan.

Here are few types of worship:

1. Verbal worship (e.g., declaration of faith orally, reciting the Quran daily, and speaking good words).
2. Physical worship (e.g., Salat, fasting, physical activities, wudu, cleaning, Hajj, fighting for the sake of Allah).
3. Financial worship (e.g., donating, feeding the poor, Hajj, Zakat).
4. Spiritual worship (e.g., intention to seek knowledge, submission of your soul to the commands of Allah, gratitude, reliance on the Creator’s plan, Iklas, spiritual Jihad, or struggle to control your inner lower self and resist temptation, Taqwa, repentance, maintaining connection with blood relatives). All these forms of worship purify us and our wealth from impurities.
5. Community worship: In the fight against the soldiers of Iblis, one alone cannot prevail. It requires the unity of the hearts of all believers to overcome Satan and establish peace and justice in the neighborhood and society. Maintaining social connections among believers, neighbors, and blood relatives, and coming together to worship Allah, reflects the unity of believers.

If people were able to see the unseen world of monsters by wearing microscopic glasses, they might not walk, talk, eat, and sleep properly. Where would you hide? Satan thrives everywhere — below the earth’s surface, underwater, in Antarctica, dormant volcanoes, social gatherings, festivals, markets, caves, mountains, castles, forests, and even in the sky (space). Narrated Usama bin Zaid: Once the Prophet (PBUH) stood over one of the high buildings of Medina and then said to the people, “Do you see what I see?” They said, “No.” He said, “I see afflictions falling among your houses as raindrops fall.” Trillions upon trillions of germs and viruses fall from the sky each day. Our suffering arises from our failure to adhere to the guidelines aimed at safeguarding ourselves from our natural enemies, Satan.

Infectious disease outbreaks and disasters pose global threats that necessitate a collective response. Jihad entails a struggle or fight against the agents of Iblis. To safeguard our health and that of others and to defend against the attacks of Satan, Jihad becomes obligatory for everyone except those who are insane or incapable. The Quran mentions: “Fighting in Allah´s cause is ordained for you, whereas it is disliked by you; and it is possible that you hate a thing which is better for you; and it is possible that you like a thing which is bad for you; and Allah knows, and you do not know.” (2:216)

Cleaners are akin to fighters; they are heroes who eradicate germs, dirt, and grime from surfaces. In Islam, cleaners hold an honorable status. During the time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), a woman who cleaned the mosque passed away, prompting the Prophet to attend her funeral. Sumaiya (RA), the first Muslim martyr woman during Prophet Muhammad’s era, was also a slave. Housekeepers and cleaners face a high risk of infection and diseases. When Prophet Muhammad’s daughter Fatima (RA) requested a servant for household assistance, the Prophet encouraged her to perform household chores with her hands and be grateful to Allah. While seeking help to clean your house isn’t an issue, cleaning everything with your own hands is more rewarding for the hereafter. The Prophet (PBUH) emphasized that most of the poor people (who use their own hands for tasks like cleaning and washing) will enter heaven, while most ungrateful women will go to hell. However, irresponsible household assistants or cleaners may introduce infectious organisms into your homes due to negligence.

Allah is the Most Merciful. He does not desire the destruction of mankind and the planet; rather, it is Satan who misleads and destroys them. Even though death is predestined, the effects of harmful microorganisms are the leading causes of death and human suffering. Iblis sends his troops to cause impurities in your body (such as infections, pus, and diseases) and mind (disorders). Your inactive and unhealthy lifestyle makes you ill. The infectious organisms tear down the pure veil between you and your Creator. Allah gives us many chances to modify our bad habits and undesirable behavior to protect ourselves from evil and prepare to meet Him while we are alive.

Death is the final test of this world. Before death, Satan may try to instill negative traits into human hearts, such as fear of death (lack of interest in meeting Allah), excessive love for this world (delusion), anger, frustration, hatred, blaming others for suffering, and confusion about faith. Every soul must taste death; it is inevitable and the will of Allah. When death approaches, a believer who submits to the will of Allah (a Muslim) accepts this reality without holding anger or hatred towards mankind. A Muslim knows that the true enemy of mankind is Satan. The Quran reminds mankind: “Do not die except as a Muslim (in submission to the will and commands of Allah).” [3:102]

Whether you are a Muslim or not depends on whether the state of your heart is obedient or not. As a believer, you will preserve your behavior (faith, taqwa, consciousness of God, sincerity in doing good deeds for the sake of Allah, preference, etc.) in the cellular memory of the heart. A hypocrite or disbeliever will harbor bad traits, unhealthy preferences, habits, and negative behaviors in their heart, such as fear of others, hatred towards others, blaming and cursing others, heedlessness, arrogance, and ungratefulness.

Disbelievers and hypocrites are unaware of their death and the hereafter, after which they will have to answer for their duties towards the Lord and others to God. The Quran mentions: ‘And the intoxication of death will come in truth, that is what you were trying to avoid. And the horn will be blown, that is the Day of which warning had been given. And every soul will come forth, with it an angel to drive it and an angel to bear witness. It will be said: Indeed, you were in reckless of this, now We have removed from you (soul) your covering (body), and sharp is your sight this Day.’ [50:19–22] ‘Draws near for mankind their reckoning (death and day of Judgment), while they turn away in heedlessness.’ [21:1] ‘And warn them of the Day of Regret (death and day of judgment), when the matter will be concluded, while now they are in a state of negligence, and they do not believe.’ [9:39].

Some individuals carry negative traits and habits in the early stages of life, but they may repent and modify their undesirable behavior, develop self-control, or become more patient and disciplined as they get older. The Quran mentions: “The repentance accepted by Allah is only for those who do wrong in ignorance and heedlessness and then repent soon after; it is they whom Allah will forgive, and Allah is ever Knowing and Wise. From Abdullah bin Umar, from the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH): ‘Verily, Allah accepts the repentance of a servant as long as he has not experienced naza (the arrival of the soul in the throat when a person is about to die).’ [at-Tirmidhi]. Allah says in the Quran: ‘O My slaves who have transgressed against themselves [by sinning], do not despair of the mercy of God. Indeed, God forgives all sins. Indeed, it is He who is the Forgiving, the Merciful’ (39:53).

Allah accepts the repentance of those who commit evil in ignorance and misguidance and repent soon afterward, changing their undesirable behavior and wrong choices. But repentance is not accepted of those who continue to do evil deeds up until death comes to one of them, he says: ‘now I repent,’ nor of those who die while they are disbelievers.” [4:17,18]. Repetitive misdeeds, negligence, and transgressions against the commands of Allah will ruin your life and your hereafter. “Are they waiting until the Hour (death or final apocalyptic event) comes to them suddenly? All the signs thereof have already come. Once the Hour comes to them, how will they benefit from their message?” [47:18]. ‘And never think that Allah is unaware of what the wrongdoers do. He only delays them [i.e., their account] for a Day when eyes will stare [in horror].’ (14:42).

After death, unsuccessful people do not have any chance to modify their undesirable repetitive negative behavior or change their unhealthy habits. “Until when death comes to one of them, he says: ‘My Lord, send me back, so that I may do righteousness in that which I have left behind.’ No! (It is too late to turn back). It is but a word that he speaks, and behind them is a barrier until the Day they are resurrected.” [23:99–100]

What does death taste like? The wretched ones are terrorized from the moment of their death. On the other hand, believers experience dignity in the dying process. Hundreds of angels receive the fortunate ones; fragrance surrounds them, and light engulfs them. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) also said: ‘When Allah wills good for His slave, He sweetens him.’ He was asked, ‘What is this sweetening?’ He said: ‘Allah guides him to do righteous deeds before he dies, then He takes (his soul) while he is in that state.’ [Ahmad]. If anyone wishes for a good death, they should think good about mankind and Allah. Generally, the signs of a good end (death) are: dying with sweat on the forehead, dying as a fighter for the sake of Allah, dying of the plague or certain stomach diseases, dying by being crushed by a falling wall or drowning, dying in childbirth or pregnancy (a struggle to bring a new human into this world), dying to defend one’s faith, one’s wealth, or one’s life, dying while doing a righteous deed (e.g., donating, dying for saving others’ lives), etc.

After people die, they might be surrounded by grieving family members. Muslim narrated in his Sahih from Ibn ‘Umar that Hafsah wept for ‘Umar, and he said, ‘Calm down, O my daughter! Do you not know that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: ‘The deceased suffers because of his family’s weeping (wailing) over him?’ This hadith indicates that high-pitched wailing or screaming of family members may increase the effects of harmful microbes in the body of the deceased person. The deceased soul may detect sounds in a different frequency range. They may perceive certain vibrations and frequencies and hear sounds that we cannot hear, such as bacterial signals. However, the auditory perception of the deceased soul might not encompass all conversations of living people. “Verily, the dead are surely punished in their graves, such that even the beasts can hear their cries (except humans and jinn).” [al-Mujam al-Kabir]

Everything in this dunya is a matter of test. Allah reminds mankind: ‘The life of this world is merely the enjoyment of delusion, and the Last Abode is the real life (hereafter) indeed. Only if they know!’ [29:64] Your body, family, resources, wealth — all are the amaanah (trust) which you are obligated to take care of, and to Allah, you will return back your amaanah. Your health and time are also wealth. Ibn Abbas reported: The Prophet, peace, and blessings be upon him, said, ‘There are two blessings that many people waste: health and free time.’ (Ṣaḥiḥ al-Bukhari). ‘Allah does not like for you to waste wealth (resources, health), nor ask many unnecessary questions, nor spread gossip (the spread of infectious diseases through unnecessary speech droplets).’ (Musnad al-Bazzar). You have to leave your wealth in this dunya and your body under the soil, but return back your soul to its Creator.

As dead bodies decompose, bacteria contained within the body are released, potentially exposing people to disease-causing pathogens. That’s why the Quran promotes the science of burial, which is better for both wellbeing and the environment. Ants, for example, remove the lifeless bodies of dead ants from the colony. This behavior helps keep the colony healthy and reduces the presence of bacteria, viruses, or fungi. The Quran mentions the story of Adam’s sons, Qabil killing his brother Habil out of jealousy. Then Allah sent a crow to teach Qabil to cover his brother’s corpse by digging the ground. Animals often exhibit remarkable strategies for survival that can help us navigate challenges and overcome adversity.

Ancient Egyptians preserved the bodies of pharaohs through mummification. It’s possible that ancient deadly pathogens were preserved along with mummified bodies inside sealed tombs. These mummified bodies may still pose a risk of disease transmission for those who come into contact with them today, leading to the belief that they are cursed. The Quran mentions: “And We caused a curse to follow them in this world, and on the day of resurrection they shall be of those made to appear hideous.” [28:42] Today, cryonics promises that dead humans will be brought back to life, but it is still unknown whether the frozen humans will bring deadly infectious organisms along with them.

When the body of the deceased is buried under the grave, the body that Allah granted him as a blessing will be judged first. In the grave, angels will come and ask the deceased three questions: “Who is your Lord?” “What is your deen (lifestyle and religion)?” “Who is your prophet (role model)?” The faithful and obedient soul of the deceased will say to the angels, ‘Allah is my Lord, my deen is Islam, and He is (Prophet) Muhammad, Allah’s Apostle who had come to us with clear evidence and guidance (about how to keep good health and protect ourselves from evil), and so we accepted his teachings and followed him. Then the angels will say to him, ‘Sleep in peace, as we have come to know that you were a faithful believer (by observing your good heart health conditions and good personalities).’ On the other hand, a hypocrite or a doubtful person will reply, ‘I do not know, but I heard the people saying something, and so I said it.’ (Their statement might contradict their physical evidence, such as bad health conditions at the time of their death, bad oral conditions due to poor oral hygiene, diseases, damaged DNA, heart diseases, cardiovascular collapse, lifestyle diseases, organ damage due to risky and reckless habits, or the cause of their death that will confirm their deception and negligence).’ The Quran mentions: ‘They [think to] deceive Allah and those who believe, but they deceive not except themselves yet they do not realize it.’ (2:9).

You may tell a lie, but there is no place to hide the conditions of your heart. Your heart conditions will reveal whether you are a true follower of the Prophetic teachings or a liar. Different individuals have different heart conditions based on their actions and the state of their faith. For instance, excessive speaking (idle talk) without remembrance of Allah can harden the heart. Black or dark spots may indicate an unhealthy heart muscle with reduced blood flow due to sin or neglectful acts. Abu Huraira reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Verily, when the servant commits a sin, a black mark appears upon his heart. If he abandons the sin, seeks forgiveness, and repents, then his heart will be polished. If he returns to the sin, the blackness will increase until it overcomes his heart. It is the covering that Allah has mentioned: No, rather a covering is over their hearts from what they have earned.” (83:14) [Sunan al-Tirmidhi]. Everything in the body is in due proportion and measure. Signs that appear on the skin, eyes, ears, and other organs of the deceased, as well as the cause of death, may indicate the lifestyle, habits, and actions of the deceased.

In most cases, the lifestyle choices and associations — including occupation, hobbies, relationships, and environment — predict the cause and pattern of one’s death. For example, celebrities with risky and self-destructive behaviors (such as alcohol and drug abuse, overconsumption, sexual immorality) are more likely to die from cancer, heart attacks, infections, suicide, assassination, sudden death, accidents, etc. You are the leader of your organs. If you misuse your organs, you will lose your leadership earlier. For example, people with poor oral hygiene or individuals who talk excessively and unnecessarily may die from a stroke, brain hemorrhages, cardiovascular disease, etc. Research shows that mouth bacteria are found in stroke patients’ brains. If you follow the lifestyles and teachings of the Prophets, you can lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases, heart attacks, cancer, and other obesity-related conditions, thereby avoiding premature and preventable death.

However, if the deceased soul was obedient and they were killed or died because of others’ reckless behavior, their soul might not be punished. For example, a Jewish woman asked the Companions (RA) what part of an animal the Prophet (PBUH) preferred to eat. She was told that he preferred the shoulder of lamb or goat. The woman slaughtered a sheep. The Prophet (PBUH) believed that she was a believer (a clean, safe food handler), and he ate the cooked meat. He started to feel the effects of the poisoned sheep at Khayber. If anyone died as a result of being poisoned (or from food poisoning), or if their death occurred due to another person’s negligence or wrong action (such as poor food safety practices), they will not be punished. “Verily, actions are judged by intention.” [Al-Bukhari & Muslim]

Your invisible enemy forces are waiting for you to die. The death of the children of Adam is like a celebration party for Satan. When people with unclean and unhealthy habits die, the waves of bad bacteria inside the body start eating their corpses. Different dead bodies might release different chemical compounds, gases, and unique odors based on their actions (unhealthy lifestyle, poor hygiene, etc.). The unique smell of a dead body can indicate the status of the deceased person (e.g., believer, disbeliever, martyr). In a Hadith reported by al-Bukhari and Muslim from Abu Hurairah (RA), the Prophet (PBUH) said: “Every wound which the Muslim gets on the path of Allah (Jihad) will be in the same shape on the Resurrection as it was stabbed; the blood will flow. Its color will be the color of the blood and the fragrance will be the fragrance of musk.” [Reported by Imam Bukhari].

Like a living being, the soul of the deceased experiences pain and suffering in a similar way in the grave, but they will no longer have authority (control) over their cells (bodies). The soul of the deceased who walked on the earth boastfully feels miserable under the grave. The punishment of the grave will be based on the sins (negligence and failure to protect oneself and others) of the heart, the eye, the ear, the mouth, the tongue, the stomach, the private parts, the hand, the foot, and other body parts. The corrupted private parts of adulterers, homosexuals, and the corrupted heart of thieves, traitors, betrayers, and plotters will be punished in the grave. The damagers of the heart will also be punished for consuming intoxicants and neglecting prayers (physical and spiritual activities).

The Prophet (PBUH) told us about two men whom he saw being punished in their graves. One of them used to walk around spreading malicious gossip among people (who spread evil through speech droplets), and the other person with poor hygiene failed to take precautions to avoid getting urine on himself. So, the latter failed to clean himself as required. According to the hadith of Ibn Masood (may Allah be pleased with him), a man was struck with a whip, and his grave was filled with fire because he offered a single prayer without having purified (cleaned) himself, and he passed by one (with reckless behavior) who was being wronged and did not help him. Some will have their lips cut off with iron scissors because they caused fitnah (spreading infectious microbes) with their words and their speech.

As bacteria decompose and rot dead bodies, some souls inside their bodies will taste putrid, rotten meat (of their own corpses) because of their sin (immoral sex). The vision of the Prophet indicates that the soul who consumes usury (compulsive gaining behavior) will experience swimming in the river of red blood, with stones being thrown into their mouth. The punishment of the soul in the grave is like recurring nightmares. Future studies may explore the link between different decomposing processes (grave punishment) and the unhealthy habits and negative characteristics of the deceased.

How do the deceased experience punishment in the grave? Researchers have found that without any external assistance, human remains can change their position using time-lapse imaging techniques. Are bones (skeleton) considered living or dead? It is not true that bones are made up of dead tissue. Bones have cells, blood vessels, nerves, and pain receptors. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) informed us that breaking a man’s bone in death is the same as breaking it in life. DNA memories may survive in dead organisms. Genes remain active after death, and cells continue to function. The cells of a headless corpse might communicate with brain cells and signal pain (punishment) to the brain like a cellular network. Imagine, generally, a cellphone has enough power to reach a cell tower up to 45 miles away. Similarly, I think cells that are near one another communicate through the release of chemical messengers.

Do you think the environment and temperatures inside the grave of the deceased might depend on how he or she harmed and damaged the environment of his or her neighborhood and assisted the growth of evil microbes (sin)? Temperature also plays a role in how quickly bodies decay. For example, hypocrites will go to the lowest level in uninhabitable hell. “Verily, the hypocrites will be in the lowest depth (underground) of the Fire (torment-causing microbes who live in the deepest level of the earth)” [Quran 4:145]. On the other hand, “When the believer sees how spacious his grave has become, he will say: Let me go back to my family to give the good news! It will be said to him: Reside where you are.” (Musnad Ahmad). A hadith indicates the Prophet (PBUH) planted a tree branch on the grave to reduce the punishment of the deceased because trees might be good for the environment below the ground level.

Alien Technology and the End of the World:

In my view, there are two types of applications of advanced knowledge: Nature-inspired and beneficial knowledge from our Creator, which can be considered as a “miracle” that can be applied in a beneficial and righteous path. Stubborn Jinn-powered knowledge, which can be used either beneficially or harmfully (magic). Both magic and miracles (advanced knowledge) are related to science and technology, but they do not have the same effects on health, well-being, and the environment. Simply put, beneficial knowledge that comes from Allah and His messengers (angels, prophets), as well as from nature, represents the miracles of science, while harmful and destructive knowledge (such as magic) from Satan represents the dark side of advanced knowledge.

Prophets were those who received advanced knowledge from the Creator, revealed through angels. They demonstrated how to apply this knowledge practically — through science, technology, and engineering — to promote balance, solve societal problems, benefit all of Allah’s creations, ensure justice, and guide humanity on the right path to success in this life and the hereafter. Conversely, the application of advanced knowledge by magicians, used to harm mankind or the planet, can be considered falsehood. The truth, which encompasses true beneficial knowledge, guides you on the right path to meet your Lord, whereas falsehood, including ignorance, leads you down the path of destruction (hell) and renders you an imperfect candidate for “Heaven.”

Allah makes certain knowledge obligatory for human beings, while some knowledge is forbidden for their own well-being. Learning from nature or bio-inspired inventions is not considered magic. The distinction between magic and miracles depends on the purpose of applying advanced knowledge and its effects. A miracle increases levels of Iman (faith or belief in the existence of the Creator), while practicing magic increases disbelief (in the “True” Creator) and leads people to act as godlike beings. Allah says, “Then they (Prophet Musa PBUH and his companion) found one of Our slaves (Khidr), on whom We had bestowed mercy from Us, and whom We had taught knowledge from Us” [18:65]. This verse demonstrates that Allah blesses special knowledge to His chosen creations and the rightly guided people.

Our Creator grants us the ability to hear, observe, and realize, allowing us to use logical methods to conduct research and find the truth. This process involves asking questions, formulating hypotheses, collecting information, analyzing results, reaching conclusions, and sharing findings. For example, Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) grew up in a misguided society but did not blindly follow cultural rituals and beliefs. The problem was that some people in his nation worshipped idols of stone and wood, others worshipped celestial bodies, and some worshipped their rulers. Ibrahim (PBUH) questioned his father about the worship of idols, observed nature, and sought the truth about who is worthy of worship. Allah showed him the kingdom of the heavens and the earth, guiding him to the truth. Ibrahim (PBUH) proposed hypotheses about stars, the moon, and the sun, but upon critical thinking and analysis, he rejected them and turned to Allah. He brought dead birds back to life using advanced knowledge taught by Allah, confirming the truth through careful observation and experimentation. He hoped tyrant Nimrud and his followers would witness this miracle and believe. Allah revealed to Ibrahim (PBUH) how to assemble the pieces of animals eaten by predators, birds, and sea creatures, increasing his certainty. Ibrahim (PBUH) performed a miraculous demonstration, combining the flesh, blood, and feathers of four types of birds, scattered them over seven mountains, and watched as they reassembled into living birds by the power of Allah. This story illustrates how Allah taught Ibrahim (PBUH) through observation and practical knowledge. The Quran mentions the prayers of the prophets: “My Lord! Grant me wisdom, and join me with the righteous” (26:83).

Do you think the chosen prophets and leaders of Allah, who have been granted advanced knowledge, performed miracles using technologies powered by beneficial microbes, like Prophet Esa (PBUH), who raised the dead with the help of Allah (His angelic forces), or Prophet Musa (PBUH), who turned non-living objects into living ones (such as snakes) with the assistance of Allah? Meanwhile, the magicians of tyrant Pharaoh practiced magic with the assistance of Jinn.

Today, some researchers believe that ancient civilizations interacted with celestial beings or aliens to acquire mathematical formulas, advanced knowledge, and magic, and they worshipped these beings from other worlds as their gods and goddesses. In the Quran (72:6), it is clearly indicated that those beings were Jinn. They will say, “Exalted are You! You, [O Allah], are our benefactor not them. Rather, they used to worship the jinn; most of them were believers in them.” (34:41) However, Prophet Solomon (PBUH) was granted the knowledge to control certain Jinn, by the will of Allah. He modified the behavior of some stubborn Jinn through punishment and utilized their knowledge and skills in activities beneficial for mankind. The Quran mentions: “And they (magicians or Jinn worshippers) followed (instead) what the devils had recited during the reign of Solomon. It was not Solomon who disbelieved, but the devils disbelieved, teaching people magic and that which was revealed to the two angels at Babylon, Harut and Marut…” (2:102)

Prophets are not theorists; they come with facts that can be observed, measured, implemented, solved the challenges, and applied the knowledge and skills for the greater good of humanity. The Quran mentions how Allah granted Prophet David (PBUH) the ability to praise God with mountains echoing together and the ability to make large coats of armor with iron while keeping proper measure. The Quran narrates the dream interpretation ability of Yusuf (PBUH). The Quran mentions: ‘And the king (of Egypt) said: “Verily, I saw (in a dream) seven fat cows, whom seven lean cows were devouring — and (seven) green ears of corn, and seven others dry. O notables! Explain to me my dream, if it be that you can interpret dreams.” (a man who came to Yusuf PBUH and said): ‘O Yusuf, the man of truth! Explain to us (the dream) of seven fat cows whose seven lean ones were devouring, and of seven green ears of corn, and (seven) others dry, that I may return to the people, and that they may know.’ (Prophet Yusuf PBUH) said: ‘For seven consecutive years, you shall sow as usual and that (the harvest) which you reap you shall leave in ears, (all) — except a little of it which you may eat. Then will come after those seven hard (years), which will devour what you have laid by in advance for them, (all) except a little of that which you have guarded (stored). Then thereafter will come a year in which people will have abundant rain and in which they will press (wine/ fruit juice and oil).’ [12: 43–49]. Poor farming, agricultural practices, and land use can contribute to climate change. The Quran indicates that Prophet Yusuf (PBUH) did not only predict and interpret the dream but also advised them on how to solve future challenges (and planned how to stop drought from becoming famine) and how to achieve food security. Farming practices (fat cows) and over-fertilized grassland crops like corn can cause climate change-related disasters (e.g., drought, extreme heat, heavy rainstorms, floods). Famine can be predicted by successive years of poor crops and a decline in the growth of livestock. Moreover, poor agricultural practices play a major role in soil, water, and air pollution. Air pollution can be caused by heavily fertilized fields and livestock waste. Overuse of fertilizer and mismanagement of animal manure may also cause groundwater pollution issues. Infectious agents can be transmitted by water and soil. We need to fight climate change-related disasters through proper farming, food production, and agricultural practices.

Historians and archaeologists have found many proofs of advanced technologies of ancient civilizations, such as the Antikythera Mechanism, the hand-powered ancient Greek device, and the Pharaohs’ flying machine model. The Quran also confirms that many ancient civilizations had advanced knowledge and skills. Surah Al-Fajr (89) mentions about the people of Aad and Thamud, describing how great the civilization they built was, how they cut their great buildings out of rocks, and how they reached a level of advancement that no one else could achieve. The ancient Egyptians were knowledgeable in many fields such as mathematics, geometry, astronomy, accounting, and medicine. Having advanced knowledge does not make you superior in the eyes of Allah; rather, applying the right knowledge and becoming righteous make you wise.

The difference between true prophets of Allah and a false messiah is that prophets use their wisdom to benefit the inhabitants of the earth, protect the Earth from evil, free people from the slavery of others, and engage people in worshiping the true Creator. In contrast, the false messiah will be a leader who uses his advanced knowledge (magic) to mislead mankind from the right path (worshiping Allah Alone), destroy unity and harmony among the creations of Allah, damage the environment (earth, sea, and sky), create disunity among the children of Adam, cause bloodshed, develop social stress, hinder the entry of angels bearing blessings, control the resources of the earth (iron, gold, minerals, etc.), and enslave the human race with his magic (advanced knowledge and bacteria-powered technology), leading mankind to obey (worship or follow) him and Satan.

All prophets of Allah warned their people about the trial and deception of the false Messiah Dajjal. Dajjal, who disbelieves in the hereafter (accountability and duty towards the Lord), will perform magic with the assistance of Jinn. Allah knows the real interpretation of the prophecies of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) about the Dajjal’s trial, but to me, Dajjal will create deceptive ‘Heaven’-like territories during his ruling period, featuring tall buildings, excessive food production (GMO), biomining (treasures will emerge and follow him like swarms of bees), cloud seeding technologies, weather modification, climate manipulation, and whatever else people desire. However, His heaven is a deception and rife with distractions; he will turn the world into an invisible hell full of diseases, problems, and disasters.

During his reign, people will be tested in their faith and will struggle to differentiate between what is good (lawful) and what is harmful (contaminated, unlawful) to consume and use. It is possible to perform acts that are legally right during his time, but they may be morally wrong. In the future, it is possible that moral wrongdoing, biases and man-made inequalities will grow globally, including social inequality, economic inequality, climate inequality, gene-editing inequality, etc., more than today. However, the True God is not unjust towards His creations.

With his advanced knowledge (magic), Dajjal might be able to control stubborn bacteria (Jinn). Consequently, he might be able to raise the dead; dead people will speak to others via Jinn, manipulate the weather with technology, and cause human-triggered natural disasters (earthquakes, droughts, economic disasters), putting all life on the planet ‘Earth’ at risk. Allah destroyed many civilizations that practiced magic with the assistance of Satan. They indulged in wasteful lifestyles, and their human-caused disturbances disrupted the natural balance of the ecosystem.

A hadith indicates that the Dajjal is blind in his left eye and has abundant hair. With him will be a Paradise (representing overconsumption and a wasteful life) and a Hell (symbolizing poverty), but his Hell is Paradise, and his Paradise is Hell (full of diseases). Dajjal will introduce the biggest global challenges. Another hadith indicates that nations that follow Dajjal will be blessed with temporary heaven-like facilities (such as heavy food production and technologies that make life easier). Conversely, nations that reject following Dajjal will face pandemics and disasters. However, Yahya related to me from Malik from Nuaym ibn Abdullah al-Mujmir that Abu Hurayra said, “The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, ‘There are angels at the entries of Madina, and neither plague nor the Dajjal will enter it.’”

Dajjal might promise to solve aging, immunity, and achieve immortality. In the future, humans might indeed live longer, but they could age at an accelerated pace internally. Gene editing technology or cloning might resurrect the dead for a limited period, but technology can never guarantee eternal life. Do you think Dajjal will act as a god-like being who can command, change, and manipulate DNA instructions (the code of life) with his bacteria-powered technologies, altering any creations of Allah to make them obedient slaves? The modified population might be socially well-recognized in his regime, displaying extraordinary physical strength and intelligence compared to natural human beings. This could lead to inequity in terms of employment, education, earning, race, etc.

Rain is a blessing from Allah that washes away impurities and reduces the growth of harmful microbes. When people do not pay zakat (charity) and do not create a living-friendly environment for beneficial microbes in their homes and nature, misuse water, and focus excessively on farming and agriculture, it might imbalance nature, cause drought, decrease crop growth, and lead to a pandemic. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) informed us about a Dajjal who will appear: ‘Five years prior to the advent of Dajjal, there shall be a drought, and nothing shall be cultivated, such that all the hoofed animals shall perish (leading to a reduction in animals and biodiversity).’ After his emergence, the world will face acute famine.”

A bad leader can indeed wreak havoc on the planet. Hadith indicates that Dajjal will promote a wasteful, comfortable lifestyle (having a mountain of bread and a river of water with him) and misuse Allah’s resources. During his dictatorship, over-cultivation and excessive food production may impact the environment. Mass food production is intricately linked to soil quality, biodiversity, food security, food quality, and the climate crisis. Misusing Allah’s blessings and engaging in reckless activities disrupt the ecosystem and increase the risk of global catastrophic events. The Prophet warned us: ‘Verily, I have warned you (about the false messiah) just as Noah had warned his people (before most of the Earth’s creatures were destroyed by a catastrophic event).’”

The End is Near:

As time progresses, ignorance and irresponsibility among mankind increase, leading people closer to the end times. Nowadays people are altering the creations of Allah and depriving themselves of blessings through their own wrongdoing. In the 1970s, researchers began inserting DNA snippets into bacteria, animals, and plants for modification. Since 1994, food has been modified in the lab. Some genetically engineered animals include fast-growing salmon and featherless chicken. Currently, the majority of crops on the market are genetically engineered. Despite researchers enhancing fruits and vegetables for flavor, color, shape, and freshness, the question remains: are these GMO foods nutritious? Or is it a deception undetectable by our eyes? Some believe GMOs and genetically modified foods address world hunger issues by increasing production quantity, but do they improve food quality? GMO foods might increase health risks, including infertility, immune problems, accelerated aging, problematic insulin regulation, stomach problems, reduction in digestive enzymes, liver toxicity, allergic reactions, antibiotic resistance, and cancer. Future studies should investigate whether consuming genetically modified (GMO) fruits and vegetables during pregnancy is linked to the risk of rage and aggression in children. Risks of genetically modified microorganisms include enhanced pathogenicity, emergence of new diseases, pests, or weeds, increased disease burden if the recipient organism is pathogenic, and adverse effects on species, communities, or ecosystems.

Today, companies genetically modify bacteria by inserting a gene coding for growth hormones. Dairy cows are treated with growth hormones to increase milk production, raising the risk of lameness, udder infections, severe pain, distress, and reproductive problems. Moreover, synthetic hormones may be used in food today. Allah provides us with natural, fresh food and clean water, commanding us to donate from the pure provisions given. Eating natural, nutritious foods reduces the risk of various diseases and health problems. Jabir ibn Abdullah reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace, and blessings be upon him, would praise Allah in his sermon, as He deserves to be praised, and then he would say, “Whomever Allah guides, no one can lead him astray. Whomever Allah sends astray, no one can guide him. The truest word is the Book of Allah, and the best guidance is the guidance of Muhammad. The most evil matters in religion are those that are newly invented (modifications or alterations in the creations of Allah), for every newly-invented matter is an innovation, every innovation is misguidance, and every misguidance is in the Hellfire.” (Sunan al-Nasai)

Planet Earth provides an appropriate environment for life as we know it. Trees, animals, and fish are part of this system, just as we are. However, Allah designates us as the chosen authority to preserve the resources, the planet, and lives. The most valuable resource on our planet is pure water. Today, reckless and irresponsible people are damaging and polluting water through oil spills, military activities, toxic chemicals, plastic waste, etc. Our lifestyles are responsible for disruptions and changes to water cycles, such as using water for excessive farming, damming rivers for hydroelectricity, deforestation, and burning fossil fuels.

The modern lifestyle is closely tied to excessive consumption. Planet Earth serves as a testing ground for the children of Adam, not solely for enjoyment. Earth’s resources are limited. If you consume excessively and build a “paradise” in this temporary “test” place, the planet will die faster. The Quran reminds mankind: ‘But you (people) prefer the worldly life, while the Hereafter is much better and much more durable’ [87:16–17]. Disbelievers and hypocrites, lacking accountability, behave like cattle, indulging in eating, drinking, and reproducing without maintaining a fair balance or protecting the planet. The Quran reminds mankind: ‘Had We sent down this Quran on a mountain, verily, thou wouldst have seen it humble itself and cleave asunder for fear of God. Such are the similitudes which We propound to men, that they may reflect.’ (al-Hashr, 59:21). The Quran mentions: ‘And We place the scales of justice for the Day of Resurrection, so no soul will be treated unjustly at all…’ (21:47) ‘Observe the correct weight with fairness (justice) and do not fall short in the balance.’ (55:9) ‘By the time. Verily! Man is in loss, except those who believe and do righteous good deeds and recommend one another to the truth which Allah has ordained and abstain from all kinds of sins and evil deeds and recommend one another to patience.’ (Surah Asr)

According to hadith, one of the signs of the end times is animals and minerals speaking to humans. This sign suggests that stubborn microbes might assist living or non-living objects in communicating, decoding the language of animals, and manipulating human mind. Today bacteria can be utilized to charge your phone, power your car, grow computer chips, run IoT technologies, or light your house. Biologists have created a living computer from E. coli bacteria capable of solving complex mathematical problems. Modern technologies have undoubtedly made life easier, but many of them are designed to create and perpetuate distractions. Satan assists humans in acquiring knowledge to create inventions that are detrimental to mankind, the creations of Allah, and planet Earth such as bioweapons and nuclear explosives. These highlight mankind’s irresponsible stewardship of the planet.

Why do I perceive some modern technologies as practicing digital magic? Necromancy traditionally involves communicating with the deceased through magical means. However, modern technology promises digital resurrections, allowing us to simulate the presence of the dead in virtual environments. Currently, CGI is reviving dead celebrities on screen, a practice akin to digital necromancy. Could the devil be playing a role in digitally resurrecting the dead and assisting in achieving this photorealism? In the distant future, it’s envisioned that people will communicate with digital representations of the deceased through text and interact with realistic-looking avatars of their lost loved ones. This technology could monitor a living person’s movements, voice, and facial expressions, later using them to direct an avatar to respond appropriately. These technologies undoubtedly contribute to people becoming disbelievers in the Hereafter.

In ancient times, misguided individuals worshipped man-made idols, while today, people are found worshipping materials unknowingly such as metal, steel, aluminum, and minerals used in the production of smartphones, laptops, intelligent robots, and other technological devices. Allah provided resources like iron and copper, among others, for humans with intelligence to utilize in beneficial fields, as outlined in the Quran, to benefit the inhabitants of the earth, sea, and sky and to express gratitude to the Creator. However, modern society has become engrossed in addictive activities like video games, virtual reality, diverting attention from their Creator and neglecting obedience to His commands.

The reference to the Golden Calf, a false deity, in Surah Al-Araf (7:148) highlights the misguided actions of the children of Israel who worshipped it despite its inability to speak or guide them. Similarly, today, some individuals may be worshipping intelligent machines or robots that bear resemblance to humans. Instead of acknowledging, glorifying, and relying on the Creator, people glorify creations such as the internet, robots, and smart technologies, inadvertently associating partners with Allah by obsessing over these devices and machines.

The nation of Prophet Nuh (PBUH) is quoted as saying, ‘By no means leave your gods, nor leave Wadd, nor Suwa; nor Yaghus, and Yauq and Nasr. And indeed, they have led astray many, and do not increase the unjust in aught but error.’ (Quran 71:23–24) Ibn Abbas provided insight, explaining that the idols worshipped by the people of Noah were later worshipped by the Arabs. Wadd was revered by the tribe of Kalb at Daumat-al-Jandal; Suwa’ was worshipped by the tribe of Murad and later by Ban Ghutaif at Al-Jurf near Saba; Yauq was the idol of Hamdan, and Nasr was the idol of Himyr, a branch of Dhil-Kala. These idols were named after pious men from the time of Prophet Noah. When these men passed away, Satan influenced their communities to erect idols in their honor at their gathering places, eventually leading to their worship. However, their origins were obscured over time, and people began to worship them. This narrative serves as a cautionary tale against placing trust and dependency on idols, robots, AI, and smart technologies rather than Allah.

With each passing day, people are increasingly becoming enslaved to digital technologies, unwittingly engaging in practices akin to magic under the guise of SMART technologies. It is not too far-fetched to imagine that in the near future, human-like humanoids and robots will serve as leaders, romantic partners, celebrities, and role models. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) cautioned humanity that on the Day of Judgment, individuals would face punishment for creating images, as Allah will command them to give life to these creations. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) also warned of signs signaling the end times, stating that only the wicked would survive, adopting behaviors resembling those of beasts. They would show no appreciation for goodness nor condemn evil.

Satan, assuming human form, would lead them to worship idols, yet they would enjoy abundance and comfort despite their transgressions. Furthermore, in a hadith, it is mentioned that tribes from the Muslim community would unite with idolaters and worship idols before the Hour is established. This includes the worship of Lat and Uzza, false deities symbolizing prosperity and might. This prophecy suggests that in the future, people may venerate false entities such as intelligent bacteria-powered robots in pursuit of worldly success, thereby associating partners with the worship of the True God.

In the Hadith, the mention of “sweet fragrant air” causing the death of believers alludes to the possibility of chemical warfare agents being deployed against those who hold faith in the Creator. Substances like Hydrogen Cyanide, despite their lethal nature, emit a sweet odor. This prophecy underscores the potential for disunity and conflict among the misguided descendants of Adam as the end times draw near. Ibn Masud remarked that ‘the final apocalypse will occur when scholars pass away, knowledge is lost, and the Quran is raised up.’ Ibn Umar added that this would coincide ‘when they cease enjoining beneficial activities and prohibiting harmful ones.’

The utilization of excessive new technologies and innovations to replace human labor enhances workplace efficiency but escalates electricity consumption, exacerbates resource depletion, generates additional waste, intensifies pollution, and amplifies environmental risks driven by inequality. Human reckless behavior, particularly the escalating use of fossil fuel-powered technology and hoarding wealth, exacerbates carbon dioxide emissions and accelerates climate change, contributing to the demise of many animals. Species that cannot adapt quickly to a changing climate face the risk of extinction. Furthermore, climate change disproportionately affects poor countries; prolonged droughts devastate food supplies, landslides flatten areas, and floods destroy homes. Human-induced global warming disrupts polar ocean temperatures, impacting resilient bacterial communities and making Earth increasingly uninhabitable, while also increasing the risk of severe weather events and volcanic eruptions due to heightened imbalance in the Earth’s systems.

Implementing constraints on technological advancements becomes imperative. Science, engineering, and technology must be directed toward moral ends and humanity’s genuine needs. If humans persist in exploiting the Earth’s resources, such as gold or metal, for making technologies and weapons of mass destruction, the planet may become inhospitable for life. The Quran reminds us: “Seek, by means of the wealth and resources that Allah has granted you, the Abode of the Hereafter. But do not forget your share in this world, and do good as Allah has been good to you. Do not strive to create mischief in the land, for Allah loves not those who create mischief.” (28:77) “But whoever seeks beyond that limit, those are the transgressors.” (23:7) “And whatever disaster strikes you, it is a result of what your hands have earned, but He pardons much (your negligence and mistakes).” [42:30]

When a disobedient nation surpasses boundaries, Allah doesn’t immediately destroy them. He grants them sufficient time after sending warning signs and warners (Prophets, messengers) for their transgressions. However, complete destruction occurs when disobedient people persist in their undesirable behavior and evil actions with arrogance. Many ancient powerful civilizations faced destruction due to their transgressions and ecological imbalances within Earth, sea, and sky. Consequently, their misconduct resulted in pandemics, natural disasters, and volcanic eruptions. The Quran depicts apocalyptic scenarios: ‘Watch for the day when the sky brings forth clouds of smoke for all to see. It will envelop people. This is a terrible punishment. Lord, relieve us of our torment; we believe!’ But on that day, when some of your Lord’s signs come, no soul will benefit from faith if it had none before, or has not already earned some good through its faith.’

Satan might promise transgressors time to find another planet and change the future body into machines or new species to survive in hostile environments of different planets. The Quran warns about the promise of Iblis: ‘I will command them (mankind) so they will change the creation of Allah…And whoever takes Satan as an ally instead of Allah has certainly sustained a clear loss’ (4:119). ‘O company of jinn and mankind, if you can pass beyond the regions of the heavens and the earth, then pass. You will not pass except by authority [from Allah]’ (55:33).

Allah also warns us about some signs of the future civilization-ending sudden apocalyptic events such as smoke, frequent earthquakes, sinkholes, etc. ‘Do they then await (anything) other than the Hour, that it should come upon them suddenly? But some of its portents (indications and signs) have already come, and when it (actually) is on them, how can they benefit then by their reminder?’ [Surah Muhammad, verse 18]. The Quran mentions: ‘There is no god, but He (Allah). He gives life and brings death. He is your Lord and the Lord of your forefathers. But they, being in doubt, are playing around. Therefore, watch for the day when the sky brings a profound smoke. Covering the people; this is a painful torment. (Then irresponsible people will say,) ‘O our Lord, remove from us the punishment; we will truly believe’ [44:8–12]. These warning verses demonstrate the upcoming deadly volcanic eruption incidents.

The Quran warns us about the apocalyptic event that would result in the extinction of humanity or the destruction of the planet: ‘O mankind, fear your Lord. Indeed, the convulsion of the [final] Hour is a terrible thing. On the Day you see it, every nursing mother will be distracted from that [child] she was nursing, and every pregnant woman will abort her pregnancy, and you will see the people (appearing) intoxicated while they are not intoxicated, but the punishment of Allah is severe’ [22: 1–2]. ‘But when there comes the Deafening Blast. On the Day a man will flee from his brother. And his mother and his father. And his wife and his children. For every man, that Day will be an adequate matter for him’ [Quran 80: 33–37].

Earth’s final hour will destroy everything in this world along with the sky (planets, stars, sun, and moon). Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) said: ‘(It will be) from among the most wicked people who will be living at the time when the Hour will be established.’ ‘The blowing of the Trumpet by the Angel Israfil, upon which everyone will faint except as Allah wills (Sahih Muslim).’ The Quran mentions: ‘[It will be] on the Day the earth will be replaced by another earth, and the heavens [sky as well], and all creatures will come out before Allah, the One, the Prevailing’ (14:48).

Everyone has a role to play in making this world better. Each individual is responsible for their own negligence, choices, and deeds. Allah warns us: “Fear the Day when you shall all return to Allah; when everyone shall be paid in full what they have earned and none shall be dealt with unjustly” (2:281). “Every person will be pledged for what he earned.” (At-Tur 21). The Quranic teachings emphasize the importance of preserving the environment and being responsible stewards of the Earth. By heeding these teachings and adopting sustainable practices, we can protect our planet and ensure a better future for all living beings.

The Companion on the Day of Judgment: A Reflection on Deeds and Destiny:

Do you think humans are the smartest species? Many brainy animals, like bees and monkeys, can deal with simple mathematical operations; crows know physics; birds can lie, and dolphins can cheat. Aren’t they skillful or intelligent enough to evolve as higher creatures? Then what makes us unique? Is the purpose of a human being to live longer with super organs in a false reality? If the purpose of evolution is to show the ability to move to inheritable environments and have implications for survival and childbearing, then many animals have already shown this ability. Why are we still here? The Quran mentions the purpose of life for the creations of Allah: ‘Say, Indeed, my prayer, my rights of sacrifice, my living and my dying are (only) for Allah, Lord of the worlds.’ [Al-Anam 6/162].

The rank of the soul does not rise based on technological advancement from primitive forms or transforming into transhuman to survive on the environment of an uninhabitable planet. The rank of worshippers of Allah increases based on their ability to use reasoning, distinguish right from wrong, practice self-control, demonstrate Taqwa and sincerity, exercise patience, express gratitude, exhibit good character, and perform good deeds.

The purpose of life for animals differs from that of humans. Animals do not require enlightenment, whereas the children of Adam were intended to be enlightened. All creations are designed to obey the instructions of the true Creator for which they were created. Animals often prove to be better worshippers than many ungrateful and arrogant humans and jinn. Some humans and jinn are ensnared in the delusion of so-called ‘free’ will. The status and rank of the ungrateful soul of the children of Adam, who worship themselves, Satan, or other creations instead of their true Creator, are the worst and lowest among all creations. ‘Indeed, they who disbelieved among the People of the Scripture and the polytheists (who worship others rather than their true creator) will be in the fire of Hell, abiding eternally therein. Those are the worst of creatures (on the scale).’ [98:6]. How can an irresponsible, reckless, and arrogant person, who squanders their blessings in this world, expect to receive more blessings in heaven?

The successful soul, characterized by a pure heart and adorned with good deeds, will find its abode in heaven, while the unsuccessful soul, laden with wrongdoing, will face the consequences in hell. Hearts serve as vessels wherein human emotions, memories, preferences, and traits are encapsulated, reflective of one’s actions. As stated in Sahih Muslim, “Allah does not look at your forms or your wealth; rather, He looks at your deeds and your hearts.” Assuming responsibility and ensuring that one makes righteous choices are pivotal attributes to pave the way for a peaceful afterlife. Those whose virtuous deeds tip the scales in their favor will ascend to heaven, accompanied by benevolent companions such as angels. Conversely, those whose transgressions outweigh their virtuous acts will descend to hell, accompanied by Satan.

Heaven is described in the Quran as ‘gardens of pleasure’ (31:8), while Hell is depicted as a place of fire and torment. Successful individuals who can effectively protect their worldly possessions such as their bodies, wealth, family, properties, and environment will receive greater responsibilities and rewards (blessings such as a 60-feet body, increased wealth, a beautiful family, and comfortable environment) in Heaven. In paradise, Satan cannot come close to you. You will find pure water, nutrient-rich foods (such as honey, grapes, dates), and spouses and partners with beautiful appearances who will not transmit any diseases (Jinn never touch them). “Surely those who say, ‘Our Lord is Allah,’ and then remain steadfast, the angels descend upon them, saying, ‘Do not fear, nor grieve. Rather, rejoice in the good news of Paradise, which you have been promised. We are your supporters in this worldly life and in the Hereafter. There you will have whatever your souls desire, and there you will have whatever you ask for: an accommodation from the All-Forgiving, Most Merciful Lord.’” [41:30–32]

Conversely, evil individuals will enter hell along with their bad companions according to their misdeeds. The Quran states: ‘Shall We then treat those who have surrendered (submitted themselves to the commands of Allah and become obedient) as We treat the guilty?’ [68:35] ‘Yes, whoever earns evil and his sin has encompassed him — those are the companions of the Fire; they will abide therein eternally.’ (2:81) “When it is said to him, ‘Fear Allah,’ pride in sin takes hold of him. Sufficient for him is Hellfire, and how wretched is the resting place.” (2:206) “But those who deny Our verses and are arrogant toward them — they are the companions of the Fire; they will abide therein eternally.” (7:36)

“On the day when He shall gather them all together: O assembly of jinn! You took away a great part of mankind (in the path of destruction). And their friends from among men shall say, ‘Our Lord! Some of us profited by others, and we have reached our appointed term which Thou didst appoint for us.’ He shall say, ‘The fire is your abode, to abide in it, except as Allah is pleased; surely your Lord is Wise, Knowing.’” (6:128) “O assembly of jinn and men! Did there not come to you apostles from among you, relating to you My communications and warning you of the meeting of this day of yours? They shall say, ‘We bear witness against ourselves, and this world’s life deceived them, and they shall bear witness against their own souls that they were unbelievers.’” (6:130) “Except those on whom your Lord has mercy; and for this, He created them, and the word of your Lord is fulfilled: Certainly, I will fill hell with the jinn and the men, all together.” (7:179)

In hell, to me, wrongdoers who reject the teachings of healthy living will be treated with those unhealthy foods and drinks which they used to enjoy eating, drinking , and clothing in this world as a punishment to teach the consequence of the rejection of the right path. But the companions of the people of hell will be only Satan, which causes diseases, inflammation, infection, and there will be no relief and no good companions who fight against Satan. The Quran describes the quality of the food and clothing of obedient people of heaven and disobedient, reckless people of hell and their companions: “(In heaven), there they will call for every fruit in serenity.” (44:55) “But give glad tidings to those who believe and work righteousness, that their portion is Gardens, beneath which rivers flow. Every time they are fed with fruits therefrom, they say: ‘Why, this is what we were fed with before (but these are quite better),’ and they have therein companions pure (clean); and they abide therein (forever).” [2:25] “Here is the parable of Paradise which the God-fearing have been promised: in it shall be rivers of incorruptible water, rivers of milk unchanging in taste, and rivers of wine, a delight to those that drink; and rivers of pure honey. In it, they will have every kind of fruit as well as forgiveness from their Lord. Can such be like those who will abide in the Fire and will be given boiling water (hot drinks) to drink that will tear their bowels apart (gastrointestinal perforation)?” [47:15] (In hell), “he will sip it, yet will not be able to gulp it down, and death will approach him from every side; he will not die, and severe punishment is after him. [17:17] (In hell), “they will have no food except a foul, thorny shrub, neither nourishing nor satisfying hunger.” [88:6–7] Today he has been left here companionless; and has no food except the unclean from the washing of wounds, which only the sinners will eat.” (69:35–37) “You will surely taste of the tree of Zaqqum. Then you will fill your insides therewith and drink boiling water on top of it. Indeed, you will drink like diseased camels raging with thirst! Such will be their entertainment on the Day of Requital!” (56:51–66) “The wicked will be told, “Taste this. You mighty, noble one!” (44:49) “…and if they implore relief, they will be granted water like melted brass (drinks) that will scald their faces. How dreadful the drink! How uncomfortable a couch to recline on!” (18:29) According to Surah Ibrahim (14:50), the clothing (skins) of the people of hell will be made of Qitraan (black bad-smelling itchy skins with a burning sensation), and their faces will be covered with fire. As for the dress of the people of Hell, the Quran mentions: “…But for those who deny, for them will be cut out a garment of Fire; over their heads will be poured out boiling water.” (22:19)

Now is the time to decide who will be your companion?

The choice is yours!

Author Notes

When Muslims say the Quran and Hadith are guidelines for all, non-Muslims then ask how do you apply Quran and Hadith in microbiology, nanotechnology or others field of science today? This book is the answer for those who want to know how to apply Quran and Hadith in many modern fields of study. In this book, I attempt to share my own thoughts regarding how we can apply the Quran and hadith in the microworld.

I do not write this book to prove whether angels or satan is microorganism or not. In my life, certain incidents make me feel that Allah sends angels in human forms to help me when I am in trouble. While I cannot claim to have seen the true forms of angels with my own eyes, I dare to say that microbes are like angels or devils, believing some of them are good and some of them are evil creations of Allah, similar to the nature of angels and Satan. There is no doubt that these invisible species truly exist among us. “Verily, Allah knows the hidden things of the heavens and earth, and Allah sees whatever you do.” (Quran 49:18)

Allah has complete knowledge. We all can be subject to errors. Like Imam Malk bin Anas (A.R), I want to express, “Indeed, I am only human; I make mistakes (in explanation, interpretation, and writing) and I am correct (sometimes). Therefore, consider my opinions: accept all that agrees with the Book and Sunnah, and disregard all that does not align with the Book and the Sunnah.” (Jami Bayan Al Ilm Wa Fadhilihi — Ibn Abd Barr vol.1 pg. 775) O Allah, forgive our sins, both unintentional and intentional. “Indeed, Allah forgives all sins. Indeed, it is He who is the Forgiving, the Merciful.” (Quran 39:53)

I extend my heartfelt thanks to those whom my Creator has sent into my life who have generously assisted me in the art of writing, proofreading, and editing.